押题精选02 阅读理解说明文-2020年高考英语108所名校押题精选（解析版）.doc

《押题精选02 阅读理解说明文-2020年高考英语108所名校押题精选（解析版）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《押题精选02 阅读理解说明文-2020年高考英语108所名校押题精选（解析版）.doc（29页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、押题精选02 阅读理解说明文Passage1 SpaceX will soon have a whole fleet of shiny silver Starship prototypes(原型), if all goes according to the plan. Elon Musk gave his annual update about Starship and Super Heavy, the reusable spaceship and rocket, respectively, that the company is building to help colonize Mars.

2、 The presentation took place at SpaceX s South Texas site and featured the 165-foot-tall Starship Mkl- the first full-size Starship prototype, whose assembly(组装) was completed just days before Musk's talk.SpaceX aims to launch the stainless-steel Mk1 on an uncrewed, 12- mile- high test flight in

3、 the next month or two, Musk said. And a much more ambitious journey should follow in relatively short order. “I mean, this is going to sound totally unrealistic, but I think we want to try to reach orbit in less than six months.” But the Mk1 won't make that milestone flight. That honour will be

4、 likely to go to Mk4 or Mk5 Starship version, Musk added.Starship Mk2 is already under construction and should be finished within the next couple of months at most. SpaceX plans to begin building the Mk3 at Boca Chica in about a month, and that prototype will likely be ready to fly about three month

5、s from now. The Mk4 will take shape in Florida shortly after that- and it could end up being the first Starship vehicle to circle Earth.Like most of Musk' s plans, these construction schedules are quite ambitious. SpaceX spent a lot of time on the Mk1, after all; construction work on that vehicl

6、e goes all the way back to at least December 2018. But the company has learned a lot during the time, so getting a Starship to orbit by the spring of 2020 should be achievable, Must said.The Mk1 and Mk2 Starships are equipped with three of SpaceXs next- generation Raptor engines. Versions starting w

7、ith Mk3, however, will be powered by six Raptors, just like the final, operational Starship, which Musk has said will be capable of carrying up to 100 passengers.At present SpaceX is building one Raptor every eight to ten days but should pick up the pace obviously in the coming months. The record wi

8、ll skyrocket when SpaceX starts building the Super Heavy, which won't happen until Starship Mk4 is done. The goal is to get to one Raptor per day by early 2020 at the latest.The final Starship could take to the skies very soon, if the testing campaign continues to go well. And Japanese billionai

9、re Yusaku Maezawa has booked a crewed flight around the moon aboard the system, with a target launch date of 2023.12. What can we learn about the Starship Mk1?A. It is an imaginary passenger-carrying vehicle.B. It is an unmanned reusable large spaceship.C. It is a scaled-down version of Super Heavy.

10、D. It is a stainless-steel spaceship under construction.13. How will Mk5 be powered according to the text?A. By three of SpaceX's next generation Raptor engines.B. By four of SpaceX' s next- generation Raptor engines.C. By five of SpaceX's next- generation Raptor engines.D. By six of Spa

11、ceX s next- generation Raptor engines.14. Which of the following is true about Mk4 compared with the former Starships?A. It will take up to 100 passengers to space.B. It is the first to make a test flight orbiting Mars.C. It has been under construction for about one year.D. It is expected to go into

12、 Earth's orbit before long.15. Why is Yusaku Maezawa mentioned in the last paragraph?A. The project of SpaceX is promising.B. Space exploration has caught on worldwide.C. SpaceX takes the lead in the aerospace field.D. More financial support is desperately needed.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了SpaceX很快就会拥

13、有一整支闪亮的银色星际飞船原型舰队，Elon Musk在他的年度报告中分别介绍了该公司为帮助开拓火星而建造的星际飞船和超重型，以及可重复使用的宇宙飞船和火箭。文章详细介绍了星际飞船系列飞船的计划和配置情况。12.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中Elon Musk gave his annual update about Starship and Super Heavy, the reusable spaceship and rocket, respectively, that the company is building to help colonize Mars. The presentati

14、on took place at SpaceX s South Texas site and featured the 165-foot-tall Starship Mkl- the first full-size Starship prototype, whose assembly was completed just days before Musk's talk.可知Elon Musk在他的年度报告中分别介绍了该公司为帮助开拓火星而建造星际飞船和超重型，以及可重复使用的宇宙飞船和火箭。发布会在SpaceX公司的南德克萨斯基地举行，展示了165英尺高的星际飞船Mkl，这是第一艘全尺

15、寸的星际飞船原型，它的组装工作在马斯克演讲前几天完成。以及第二段中SpaceX aims to launch the stainless-steel Mk1 on an uncrewed, 12- mile- high test flight in the next month or two, Musk said.可知马斯克表示，SpaceX的目标是在未来一两个月里，在无人驾驶的12英里高空试飞不锈钢Mk1。由此可知，星际飞船Mk1是一艘无人驾驶可重复使用的大型宇宙飞船。故选B。13.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中Versions starting with Mk3, however, wi

16、ll be powered by six Raptors, just like the final, operational Starship, which Musk has said will be capable of carrying up to 100 passengers.可知然而，从Mk3开始之后的版本，将由6架猛禽提供动力，就像最后一艘投入使用的星际飞船一样。马斯克曾表示，这艘飞船最多可以搭载100名乘客。由此可知，SpaceX公司的下一代猛禽发动机为Mk5提供动力。故选D。14.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中The Mk4 will take shape in Florida s

17、hortly after that- and it could end up being the first Starship vehicle to circle Earth.可知在那之后不久，Mk4将在佛罗里达州成形它可能最终成为第一艘环绕地球的星际飞船。由此可知，与以前的星际飞船相比，Mk4不久就会进入地球轨道。故选D。15.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中The final Starship could take to the skies very soon, if the testing campaign continues to go well.可知如果测试活动继续顺利进行，最终的星际

18、飞船可能很快升空。由此可推知，最后一段提到Yusaku Maezawa的目的是为了表明SpaceX的项目是很有希望的。故选A。Passage2 Solar power is helping bring about a future of cleaner energy, but there are limits to where rigid solar panels (刚性太阳能电池板)can go. A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite (钙钛矿)can go almost anywhere, says p

19、hysicist Olga Malinkiewicz. We can use perovskite cells on the surfaces of the building, on the roofs of the buildings, on the roofs of the cars and on the electronic devices. We can use it on the sails. We can use it in the balls, tents and unlimited applications. Malinkiewicz says perovskite has b

20、ecome a favorite among solar panel researchers. Because it can be printed, everyone can use it on every surface.Malinkiewicz developed a way to print perovskite panels like an inkjet printer. She co-founded a company to produce them, called Soleil Technologies, after the Baltic sun goddess. Construc

21、tion company Skanska is testing the panels at their Warsaw headquarters. Adam Targowski is sustainable (可持续的)development manager for Skanska. They work perfectly, even when they are not well exposed to sunlight. So we can use them in all surfaces of the building. Soleil calculates that about one squ

22、are meter of panel can supply a days worth of power for one workers computer and lights. And they keep getting better as research continues, says the companys scientific director Konrad Wojciechowski.For other technologies, it took decades to really enter markets. Perovskite has been around only for

23、 few years in scientific research, so there is still a lot to be done, but potential is basically pretty much unlimited, I think. There are still durability and other problems to work out, but several companies expect to have perovskite panels on the market this year.12. What do we know about perovs

24、kite solar cell from the first paragraph?A. Its delicate.B. Its complex.C. Its flexible.D. Its expensive.13. What does the underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refer to?A. Skanska and Adam Targowski.B. Malinkiewicz and Skanska.C. Soleil Technologies.D. Perovskite panels.14. What can we inf

25、er from the last paragraph?A. It needs years to put perovskite panels into markets.B. Scientists think perovskite panels are ready for markets.C. Perovskite has been studied for decades.D. Perovskite panels will soon be seen in the market.15. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how

26、 to use perovskite panels.B. To introduce perovskite panels.C. To advertise a new solar power cell.D. To propose scientists to further study perovskiet cells.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景。12. C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite can go almost anyw

27、here”可知，钙钛矿太阳能电池没有安装位置的限制，由此可知它具有灵活性，故C项正确。13.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Malinkiewicz developed a way to print perovskite panels like an inkjet printer.”可知，Malinkiewicz发明了一种打印钙钛矿电池板的方法，就像喷墨打印机一样，这类钙钛矿电池板特别好用，不管是否完全暴置于日光下都很好用，由此可知they指代的就是前面提到的钙钛矿电池板，故D项正确。14.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but several companies expect to ha

28、ve perovskite panels on the market this year.”可知，一些公司已经打算今年在市场上出售钙钛矿电池板了，由此可知，很快就能在市场上看到钙钛矿电池板，故D项正确。15.B 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite (钙钛矿)can go almost anywhere”可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景，由此可知本文的目的就是介绍钙钛矿电池板，故B项正确。Passage 3Wandering the

29、British Museum, you can see some of the finest objects ever created by human hands. But some of our most precious objects are things that were once thrown away. Today, they have become invaluable tools for learning about the past.On display in Room 3, Disposable? exhibits a group of objects: finds f

30、rom Staple Howe, a settlement sometime between 700 BC and 450 BC. These pot pieces, animal bones, and tools were cast aside when they were no longer useful. Thousands of years later they allow us to study the people who made, used, and threw them away. From Staple Howes rubbish we know that its inha

31、bitants were very resourceful: a broken pot was recycled to make a spindle whorl, and a razor has been heavily sharpened to lengthen its life.The second half of the Disposable? displays the human impact of modem waste in the Pacific Island nations. Single-use products made from plastic are often thr

32、own away poorly. This has led to almost eight million metric tons of plastic entering our oceans every year.A simple yet technically beautiful yellow fishing basket made by Guam artist Guerrero highlights the plastic waste problem in the Pacific. For centuries, fishing baskets in Guam were made of c

33、oconut leaves but here Guerrero used plastic wrapping found on his local beach. While the basket is made using traditional techniques, the plastic wrapping is more durable than plant fibers. Guerrero has found a creative and practical way to give this single-use material a second life.Communities ac

34、ross the Pacific are working together to fight the problem through re-purposing thrown away items and banning some single-use plastic items. However, these local responses can by no means reduce the scale of the problem. The plastic crisis cannot be left to individuals or communities and will take a

35、 concerted international effort by governments across the globe.If the rubbish from Staple Howe can help us build stories and details of people living in ancient Britain, what can todays plastic rubbish tell us about ourselves?12. Why are the deserted objects in Staple Howe valuable?A. They were cre

36、ated by hand.B. They were beautifully decorated.C. They consist of precious materials.D. They bear information of life in the past.13. In which way did Guerrero change the traditional fishing basket?A. Material.B. Technique.C. Color.D. Wrapping.14. The exhibition, Disposable? _.A. is displayed in tw

37、o roomsB. is held by Pacific communitiesC. displays both ancient and modem itemsD. shows Staple Howes influence on Pacific communities15. What does the writer suggest about the plastic crisis?A. Leaving it to individuals.B. Holding international concerts.C. Local responses from Staple Howe.D. A unit

38、ed effort by global governments.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大英博物馆3号房间的一次性？展览所展示的展品及其意义和反映的问题。12.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“From Staple Howes rubbish we know that its inhabitants were very resourceful: a broken pot was recycled to make a spindle whorl, and a razor has been heavily sharpened to lengthen its life.”可知，从斯特普尔

39、豪斯的废弃物中我们了解到它的居民是充满智慧的：一个破碎的罐子被回收用来制作一个纺锤轮，一把剃刀被磨快来延长它的使用寿命，由此可知，斯特普尔豪斯被遗弃的物品有价值是因为它们承载了过去生活的信息（从它们我们能够了解过去人们生活的一些情况），故D项正确。13.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For centuries, fishing baskets in Guam were made of coconut leaves but here Guerrero used plastic wrapping found on his local beach.”可知，几个世纪以来，关岛的捕鱼篮都是用椰叶做的，

40、但格雷罗在这里使用的是当地海滩上发现的塑料包装，也就是说格雷罗通过改变制作材料改变了传统的捕鱼篮，故A项正确。14.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“On display in Room 3, Disposable? exhibits a group of objects: finds from Staple Howe, a settlement sometime between 700 BC and 450 BC.”可知，一次性？展览展出了在斯特普尔豪斯发现的、公元前700年到公元前450年之间的人类定居点的一组废弃物品；再根据第三段中的“The second half of the Disp

41、osable? displays the human impact of modem waste in the Pacific Island nations.”可知，一次性？展览的后半部分展示现代垃圾对太平洋岛国居民的影响，由此可知，一次性？展览展示了古代和现代物品，故C项正确。15.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The plastic crisis cannot be left to individuals or communities and will take a concerted international effort by governments across the gl

42、obe.”可知，作者认为解决塑料危机不能只靠个人和社区，需要全球各国政府共同努力，故D项正确。Passage 4Time magazine listed its top inventions of 2019, some of which will surely become a big part of our everyday lives over the next decade. Here are some we're most looking forward to.Virtual （虚拟的）surgeryAccording to Harvard Business Review, o

43、ur current system of training surgeons can't keep up with the speed of technological development. “Even after 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school and 5 years of advanced training after working, 30% of graduates still can't operate on their own,” said Justin Barad, who is the CEO an

44、d co-founder of Osso VR.This VR software is made to give doctors virtual operating-room experience so they can practice and prepare for surgeries. Apparently, it works. Gideon Blumstein of California University conducted a study on using Osso VR. His team found that participants' overall surgica

45、l performance improved by an astonishing 230% over traditional training methods. Vending veggies （出售素食）"Eat happier. ” That's the Farmers Fridge advertising message. It is a good one, as this company wants to bring fresh, healthy food to people on the go.It's trying to change more than

46、just food, though. It also wants to change the delivery method. Farmers Fridge has created its very own automatic machines. They can be placed in high-traffic areas. These super-smart vending machines can know their contents at any moment, and can allow customers to reserve and pay in advance. They

47、can even learn about what customers want. Shayna Harris is the company's Chief Growth Officer. “We have developed salads, sandwiches and breakfast items that taste as fresh as if you were to make them in your home kitchen,” she said in an interview with Insider Trends. Recycling pollutionWhen we

48、 write with black ink, we're writing with soot a powder made by burning coal or oil. Cars are machines that produce soot. To collect the soot, Anirudh Sharma, creator of AIR-INK, made a device called Kaalink, which attaches to a vehicles exhaust pipe （排气管）.Once collected, it's made into ink

49、color and mixed with vegetable oil to create inks, markers and paints with the brand AIR-INK.“I don't know if it's pollution, but the quality of the ink is really special,” said artist Kristopher Ho. “It's black, really thick and dries extremely quickly.”The Guardian describes AIR-INK as "remarkably green”. Each 30-milliliter pen contains between 4050 minutes of air pollution, while each 6-liter spray can hold 2,000 minutes of diese