专练23 说明文体类完形填空(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

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1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）23说明文体类语法填空【命题意图】综观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势，全国卷中的完形填空中，说明文类完形填空出现的几率很小。但是，我们也不能马虎，它们作为高考题型的重要补充，还是有可能考的。因此，说明文类完形填空也要进行一定量的练习。【得分要点】说明文的写作目的是授人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识。说明文完形填空的结构模式一般是：提出问题发现直接原因分析深层原因得出结论或提出解决方案。一、说明类完形填空的命题特点说明类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程

2、、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。二、说明类完形填空的应试策略 1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体2. 把握说明文的两种结构模式(1)总分式。包括总分分总总分总等具体形式。(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到

3、部分；时间顺序按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。三、说明类完形填空的解题步骤第一步：通过短文首尾句抓主旨说明文的篇首会出现话题中心，通过首段可把握文章的主题；而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。第二步：填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系第三步：重览短文，查缺补漏通读文章，检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误，同时填补遗留的空缺。【真题再现】（2019·全国卷III）  The small town of Rjukan in Nor

4、way is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 1  six months out of the year.    "Of course, we 2  it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. "We see the sky

5、 is 3 , but down in the valley it's darker it's like on a 4 day.”    But that 5  when a system of high-tech 6  was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 7  their very first ray of winter

6、 sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that   9  them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10  and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town's centr

7、al 11 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 , Rjukan residents gathered together.    "People have been 13  there and standing there and taking 14  of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 15 . I think almost a

8、ll the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all 16  the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 18  residents.    "It's not very 19 ,” she says, "but it is enough when we are 20 .”1

9、. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely2. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice3. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide4. A. cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm5. A. helpedB. changedC. happenedD. mattered6. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras7. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined8. A. r

10、epairB. riskC. restD. use9. A. forbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows10. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year11. A. libraryB. hallC. squareD. street12. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped13. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. siting14. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold15. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent16.

11、 A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store17. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly18. A. nature-lovingB. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved19. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy20. A. tryingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing【答案】 （1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；（11）C；（12）A；（13）D；（1

12、4）A；（15）B；（16）C；（17）B；（18）D；（19）A；（20）D； 【解析】【分析】本文讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。 （1）考查副词辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously；显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely精确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故答案为C。

13、（2）考查动词辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文 but down in the valley it's darker  可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。 （3）考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。 （4）考查形容词辨析。A. 

14、;cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文 but down in the valley it's darker 可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故答案为A。 （5）考查动词辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B。 （6）考查名词辨析。A. computers电脑；B. t

15、elescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，可知是镜子，故答案为C。 （7）考查动词辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故答案为C。 （8）考查名词辨析。A. repair修理

16、；B. risk风险；C. rest    休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，put sth to use把某物投入使用。故答案为D。  （9）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. 

17、directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。 （10）考查名词辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故答案为A。 （11）考查名词辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的

18、中心广场上，故答案为C。 （12）考查动词辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故答案为A。 （13）考查动词辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会

19、出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故答案为D。 （14）考查名词辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故答案为A。 （15）考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were the

20、re.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故答案为B。 （16）考查动词辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。 （17）考查副词辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系

21、，故答案为B。 （18）考查形容词辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故答案为D。 （19）考查形容词辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故答案为A。 （20）考查动词辨析。A. trying尝试；B.&#

22、160;waiting    等待；C. watching    观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。【题型演练】1A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bott

23、om and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it 3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the

24、bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the monkey always ignored his 7 . Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8 but without necessarily achieving 9 result.Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructs. 11 because all its atten

25、tions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 14 by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was

26、not able to understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monkeys some psychology is just like 15 of human beings.1. A. keptB. roseC. fedD. caught2. A. movingB. removedC. discoveredD. covered3. A. happilyB. anxiouslyC. hurriedlyD. instantly4. A. suddenlyB. accidentallyC. occasionall

27、yD. quickly5. A. asB. thatC. whatD. until6. A. ButB. WhenC. ThereforeD. Thus7. A. directionsB. explanationsC. performancesD. instructions8. A. effortB. strengthC. powerD. force9. A. expectingB. interestingC. satisfyingD. desired10. A. whatB. howC. whyD. which11. A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimplyD. Nearl

28、y12. A. putB. sendC. payD. shift13. A. gestureB. mouthC. handD. eye14. A. taken awayB. taken offC. taken overD. taken on15. A. thatB. theC. thoseD. this2Ask people to name the world's tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact 1 a

29、nd many will be not sure.In 1975, Chinese surveyors 2 that Mount Qomolangma （Mount Everest） was 8848. 13 meters high. As 3 improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were 4 to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry 5 to what is the worl

30、d's rooftop.In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they 6 the height to be 8844. 43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no 7 task. The average air temperature there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees 8 than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4 5 me

31、ters thick and hurricane-like 9 blow all the time. Team members were training to 10 the extreme conditions.In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangma's height is a tall order, 11 huge amounts of money and human resources, But it is worth the 12 . Qomolangma is the perfect 13 for observing crustal （

32、地壳的）movements. And changes to the peak's height could 14 whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. That's 15 measuring the Qo

33、molangma's height is so significant. Put to good use, it can benefit mankind.1. A. locationB. appearanceC. areaD. height2. A. determinedB. assumedC. estimatedD. admitted3. A. conditionB. technologyC. societyD. economy4. A. employedB. expectedC. approachedD. inspired5. A. weaponsB. vehiclesC. ins

34、trumentsD. packages6. A. changedB. calculatedC. extendedD. expanded7. A. gloriousB. easyC. admirableD. tough8. A. colderB. hotterC. higherD. lower9. A. snowsB. rainsC. windsD. snowflakes10. A. cope withB. fight forC. take onD. carry out11. A. wastingB. spendingC. overcomingD. involving12. A. effortB

35、. lossC. harvestD. achievement13. A. channelB. windowC. solutionD. entrance14. A. measureB. foreseeC. indicateD. expose15. A. whereB. howC. whyD. whether3As our Earths temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our worlds forests. When temperatures rise, trees

36、 close their skins to 1 the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the 2 of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a 3 death rate.Climate change also increases the 4 of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest

37、 systems to 5 , and in some cases, the forests are 6 permanently. Trees that are stressed are also 7 to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as 8 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have 9 the forest landscape through logging. When t

38、rees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the 10 trees that were cut down.As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, 11 the variety of those systems. 12 , some endangered species are unable to 13 and die. Old-growth forests are disap

39、pearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 14 poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations 15 out on the wonders of forests?1. A. protectB. preventC. saveD. fr

40、ee2. A. movementB. situationC. processD. operation3. A. higherB. firmerC. lighterD. smaller4. A. choiceB. measureC. qualificationD. chance5. A. growB. rescueC. recoverD. decline6. A. ignoredB. lostC. hurtD. left7. A. accessibleB. enjoyableC. acceptableD. favorable8. A. attentionB. commandC. trustD.

41、support9. A. frightenedB. paidC. ruinedD. wasted10. A. commonB. originalC. distantD. strong11. A. affectingB. improvingC. forgettingD. reflecting12. A. BesidesB. SurprisinglyC. OtherwiseD. Unfortunately13. A. devoteB. keepC. adaptD. lead14. A. due toB. in addition toC. instead ofD. in spite of15. A.

42、 passB. missC. breakD. bring4The lions and leopards(豹) of a national park in India normally do not get along. They 1 each other for space and food. But about a year ago, a young lioness in the park 2 a baby leopard.The 2-month-old baby with brown ears and blue eyes was 3 ,and the lioness spent weeks

43、 nursing, 4 and caring for him until he died. She treated him as if he were one of her own two sons, who were about the same age. This was a 5 case of cross-species adoption in the wild, and the only documented example involving animals that are normally 6 . 7 ,the park workers thought the associati

44、on would be brief, but this went on. The family were 8 to tour the park. The lioness took care of the baby, and 9 meat that she hunted. The new brothers played with him and occasionally followed him up trees. This unlikely 10 was surely amazing.Although this adoption was puzzling, it highlights the

45、11 between the two species. Until they reach young adulthood, when social differences 12 , lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways. For this mother lioness, she may have 13 the baby's more leopard-like features his smell, size and spotted appearance. He just jumped in.The 14 of

46、the inter species adoption in the wild would be sweet enough for a children's book, yet 15 enough to attract scientists.1. A. put up withB. take advantage ofC. depend onD. fight with2. A. scaredB. adoptedC. spottedD. attacked3. A. lazyB. braveC. weakD. dangerous4. A. feedingB. checkingC. followi

47、ngD. dressing5. A. simpleB. typicalC. famousD. rare6. A. friendsB. competitorsC. partnersD. neighbors7. A. InitiallyB. LuckilyC. CertainlyD. Unexpectedly8. A. expectedB. observedC. persuadedD. pushed9. A. cookedB. packedC. sharedD. burned10. A. experienceB. affairC. agreementD. connection11. A. comm

48、unicationB. similaritiesC. behaviorD. differences12. A. emergeB. remainC. recoverD. survive13. A. comparedB. dislikedC. ignoredD. protected14. A. incidentB. experienceC. reportD. tale15. A. strangeB. caringC. reliableD. moving5What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word

49、“culture”？ Do you think of different groups of people across the world with various 1 and clothing? What about animals?Sam Williams,executive director of the Macaw(金刚鹦鹉）Recovery Network in Costa Rica, helps to 2 the impact of the decline of macaw populations by taking birds that were born 3 and releasing them into the wild. But this process is very 4 In a cage,you can't 5 them to know where,when and how to find that