专题01动词的时态和语态 第1讲 -过去时态---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（讲）（学生版）.docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第一讲过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时）【复习概览】【命题分析】一、命题要求 动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。二、命题形式 高考主要以语法填空、书面表达形式考查，动词的时

2、态和语态在语法填空是必考点。 2022年时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多大的精力，让学生掌握这个考点都不为过，因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有动词的时态和语态。【基础巩固】知识点1一般过去时必备基础知识：1表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last year，last night，the other day，just now，then，two days ago，in 1999，at that time等。2表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。重难点知识：1表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。2在时

3、间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。【典例】1. 2020·海南卷Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors_（tell）you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know.2. 2021·八省1月联考On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always _（go）.【变式】1.（黑龙江牡丹江一中高三开学考

4、试）It was not until I began to work that _ how much time I had wasted.Adid I realizeBdidnt I realizeCI realizeDI realized2（江苏高三三模）Luckily, the loss _ great; otherwise, our company would have closed down.AisntBhadnt beenChasnt beenDwasnt知识点2过去进行时必备基础知识：过去进行时的构成为“was/weredoing”。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。重

5、难点知识：1表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave，start，arrive，go，come等。2表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行。【典例】【2021届江苏省南京市高三学情调研】Michael Todd was found in the same clothes every day. When the other kids began to notice that he 36(wear)the same black pants and blue shirt day after day, Todd, a freshman at a high schoo

6、l in Memphis, became the target of offensive remarks and laughter.【变式】1（江苏海安·金陵中学高三三模）She _ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.AphonedBhad phonedCwas phoningDhas phoned2（江苏高三三模）He must have sensed that I _him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like th

7、at?”Awould look atBlooked atCwas looking atDam looking at知识点3过去完成时必备基础知识：过去完成时的构成为“haddone”。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before，after，by，up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。重难点知识：1动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。2在“hardly (scarcely).when.，no soo

8、ner.than.”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一就”。3by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。4表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。【典例】1. 2020·海南卷 They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I _（collect）.2.【2020·浙江卷】By about 6000 BC，people 61 (discover)the best crops to gr

9、ow and animals to raise.【变式】1.【2019·天津】2.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope2.【2020·江苏】Instead of getting down to a new task as I _, he examined the previous work again.Ahad expectedBha

10、ve expectedCwould expectDexpect知识点4过去将来时必备基础知识：1.过去将来时构成：should，would+do；waswere+going to do；waswere(about)to do2.过去将来时的用法：表示从过去某时看将要发生的事，或表示过去习惯性的动作，它常用在宾语从句中。She said that she would meet us at the gate她说她会在大门口和我们会合。I didn't know if she was going to see us off我不知道她会不会为我们送行。Whenever I had troubl

11、e thenhe would held me那时每当我遇到困难，他总是帮助我。She said she would drop in when she had time她说她有时间会来拜访的。重难点知识：在时间、条件状语从句中过去将来时还可用一般过去式代替非真实的动作或状态。If I were you，I would study French如果我是你，我会学法语。 (在英国第一人称用should，其他人称用would；在美国所有人称均用would。)【典例】语法填空We _ （be） back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.【变式】单项选

12、择Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was【关键能力】动词时态与语法填空：在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。应对策略1句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动

13、词的并列关系来确定时态。2句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。3在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断：(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：was/were about to do.when.did.It is/has been时间段since从句(一般过去时)It/This/That is the first time that.have/has done.或It/This/That was the first time th

14、at.had done.It's (high time) that.did/should do.Hardly had主语done.when.did.或No sooner had主语done.than.did.这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给词是否为及物动词，是否考查主动表被动等。(5)注意主谓是否一致。【典例】用所给动词的正确形式填空1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.2（2020·新课标III卷语法填空） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river.