专练06 高频语法之名词性从句、定语从句与语法填空(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

《专练06 高频语法之名词性从句、定语从句与语法填空(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专练06 高频语法之名词性从句、定语从句与语法填空(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）06高频语法之名词性从句、定语从句与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点一 名词性从句【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2018·全国卷)Im not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 2. (2019·全国卷) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across t

2、he Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 答案：1. who 2. that 【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略名词性从句做题两步骤第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词; 若缺少状语就用连接副词; 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。【重点知识提醒】一、宾语从句1.引导宾语从句的连接词从属连词that、 whether、 if；连接代词what、 who、 whose、 whatever、 whi

3、chever、 whoever等；连接副词when、 where、 why、 how等；从句用陈述语序。·We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。·I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我确信美来自内在。·What we should take with us depends on where we'll st

4、ay.我们需要随身带什么东西，取决于我们将在什么地方停留。2it做形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find、 feel、 think、 consider、 believe、 guess、 suppose、 make等。·He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate、 like、 dislike、 appreciate、 enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”等的动词以及

5、一些动词短语see to、 depend on、 rely on等，常用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。·I shall see to it that he will be taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。二、主语从句和表语从句1.主语从句(1)that连接从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，既要在从句中充当成分，又有意义。·It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persua

6、ding him to change his mind.我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。(2)whether连接从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。·Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待观察。(3)连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。·Who will take over the company has not been decided.谁将接管公司还没定好。(4)用it做形式主语的常用句型：It系动词形

7、容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)that从句；Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句；Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)that从句；It特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)that从句。·It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。·It is reported tha

8、t the accident was caused by carelessness.据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心驾驶。(5)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/orderedthat从句结构中，从句用“(should)动词原形”。2表语从句(1)引导表语从句的连接词从属连词that、 whether；连接代词what、 who、 whose、 whatever、 whichever、 whoever等；连接副词when、 where、 why、 how等；从句用陈述语序。·I'd like to start my ow

9、n businessthat's what I'd do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。(2)常见的表语从句句型：It looks/seems as if .好像；仿佛；This is because .这是因为(强调原因)；The reason why . is that .的原因是；That is why .那就是的原因(强调结果)；The question/problem is whether/when/where .问题是；His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that .他的梦想/建

10、议/目标/目的是；what从句bethat从句。高频考点二 定语从句【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2017·全国卷)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. 2. (2017·全国卷)But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 3. (2018·全国卷) Two

11、 of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 4. (2019·全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with

12、her late husband Les. 5. (2019·全国卷)They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 答案：1.which 2. who 3. which/that 4. which 5.who/that 【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。 2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用

13、who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用whom。(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物, 则用which。【重点知识提示】一、关系代词that、 whi

14、ch、 as引导的定语从句1.6种只用that引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词是all、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 something、 little、 much、 none、 few、 the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)(2)先行词被all、 any、 few、 every、 no、 little、 much、 some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。(4)先行词被the only、 the very (正是、恰是)、 the last修饰时。

15、(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)(5)先行词含有人和物两者时。(6)先行词在主句中做表语，或关系词在从句中做表语时。24种只用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。(3)先行词本身是that时。(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。35种多用as引导定语从句的情况(1)非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可。(2)非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced、 be expected、 be known、 be mentio

16、ned、 be reported、 be said等被动式谓语。(3)表示整个主句内容，有时含有“按照；正如；根据”等意思。(4)在下列固定结构中，关系代词指代整个主句所述的内容：as we all know我们都知道as we all can see正如我们大家所能看到的那样as is often the case情况常常如此as is well known众所周知(5)当先行词被such、 the same、 soadj.a/an、 such a/anadj.修饰时。二、关系代词who、 whom、 whose1.who和whom的用法(1)先行词为one、 ones、 anyone、 t

17、hose指代人时。·Those who are interested in the film can contact me.对该电影感兴趣的可与我联系。(2)当先行词为人且关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。whom在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前构成“介词whom(先行词指人)”结构。·The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.这里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许

18、多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。2whose的用法whose指人或物，做定语，表示“的”，可转换为“of关系代词”。关系代词whose可指人，表示“该人的”，也可指物，表示“该物的”；在以物为先行词时，可用of which代替whose在从句中做定语。提示关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。·Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。·Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with t

19、he solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语，相当于表时间的“介词which”where地点、情形、状况、活动、关键点等地点状语，相当于表地点的“介词which”why原因原因状语，相当于for which·He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。·I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, wh

20、ere we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。提示若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation、 point、 stage、 position等，且引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词关系代词”引导定语从句，表示到了某种程度，在某种情况下；如果引导词在从句中做主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导。·At last he got the position (that/which) he had been dreaming of.他最终得到了他梦寐以

21、求的那个职位。·I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。四、介词关系代词1.“介词关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物/事时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom。当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。·Caring for the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.关

22、爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应顾及。·He bought the car for more than $20,000, at which his father was angry.他花20 000多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。2“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句。·The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control.植物的生长速度受到很

23、多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。·There are around four hundred students in our grade, most of whom are from the Xicheng District.我们年级有大约四百名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。【专题训练】1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The British have been drinking tea for over 350 years. But in fact, the history of tea goes much 1. (far) b

24、ack.The story of tea begins in China. According to the legend, the Chinese emperor Shen Nung was sitting 2. a tree while his servant boiled drinking water, when some leaves from the tree blew into the water. Shen Nung, 3. expert in herbal medicine, decided to try the water his servant created. As a

25、result, it tasted so good that later the drink was 4. we now call tea.It is 5. (possible) to know whether there is any truth in this story. 6. , tea drinking certainly was established in China many centuries before it had even been heard of in the west. Containers of tea 7. (find) in tombs dating fr

26、om the Han dynasty (206BC-220AD) before tea was firmly established as the national drink of China in the Tang dynasty (618-906AD). It became 8. a favorite thing that during the late eighth century, a writer 9. (call) Lu Yu wrote the first book entirely about tea, the Cha Ching, or Tea Classic. It wa

27、s shortly after this that tea was first introduced to Japan, by Japanese Buddhist monks who had travelled to China to study before. Tea drinking has become a vital part of Japanese culture, 10. may be rooted in the sprit described in the Cha Ching.2阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。You know where

28、your looks come fromfor example, you may have yow mothers nose or your fathers eyes. But what about things that we cant see, like you went 11. music? Is this something that you learned, or are your abilities and personality traits 12. (determine) by your genes(基因)? What makes 13. individual behave i

29、n a certain14. and display certain talents?Scientists are not clear 15. the answer to this question is. Those 16. support the nature theory believe that humans 17. (program) genetically to behave in certain ways, regardless of culture and upbringing. One the other hand, we have the nurture theory, w

30、hich 18. (argue) that a person's behavior and personality are developed by teaching and experience. There is evidence 19. (support) both of these theories and the debate is still to be resolved. It seems most probable that both theories have their validity(正确性) and that nature and nurture each p

31、lay a 20. in making us who we are.3阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A twist of fateWhen Tamara Rabi met Adriana Scott at a local McDonalds restaurant, their lives changed forever. “I didnt know what to say 21. hi. I was just so shocked - it was like seeing myself,” says Adriana. They were both st

32、udents at neighbouring universities in Long Island, New York, and they had grown up only 30 kilometres apart. They shared a birthday, they were exactly the same height and both loved hip hop. But the most important thing 22. was shared between them was the same Mexican mother. Both girls grew up kno

33、wing that their mother 23. (give) them up for adoption when they were born, but they had no idea 24. they had a twin sister. Then, Justin Lattore, a friend of Adrianas, went to Tamaras twentieth birthday party. When he walked in and saw Tamara, hardly 25. he believe his eyes. “I was just shocked - s

34、he looked so much like Adriana,” says Justin. Then it got clear - they had to be sisters. In fact, Tamara had already noticed that strangers on her university campus often smiled and said hello, clearly 26. (mistake) her for someone else.Following the birthday, Justin put the two girls in touch and

35、they arranged the McDonalds meeting by email. “27. she came towards me, she was walking like me, talking like me,” says Tamara. “We have the same mannerisms, the same interests and got the same grades at school,” adds Adriana. The girl even discovered that as children they had often had the same nig

36、htmare of a really loud noise 28. (follow) by a very quiet one. They had another sad factor a common. 29. of their adoptive fathers had died a few years before they met.Now the twins are finishing their studies, and they meet often. “I feel shes my sister, but our relationship right now is more like

37、 friends,” says Tamara. Shes optimistic and excited that their futures will be together. “We will always have each other. We dont have any other brothers and sisters - we are sure 30. (grow) old together!”4阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Pass Your Love on31. (wait)for the airplane to take off，I

38、was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then， 32. air hostess approached me and asked，“Would you mind 33. (change) your seat? A couple would like to sit together. ”The only possible seat was next to a girl with her arms in casts(石膏绷带)，a blackandblue face，and a sad 34. (express). “No way am I going t

39、o sit there，” I thought 35. (immediate). But a soft voice spoke，“She needs help. ” Finally，I decided to move to that seat.The girl was named Kathy. She had been in a car accident and now was 36. her way to treatment.When the snacks and juice arrived，it did not take me long to realize 37. Kathy would

40、 not be able to feed herself. I considered 38. (offer)to feed her but hesitated，as it seemed too impolite to offer a service to a stranger. But then I realized that Kathy's need was more important than my discomfort.I offered to help her eat，and 39. she was uncomfortable to accept，she did as I e

41、xpected. We became closer and closer in a short period of time. By the end of the fivehour trip，we became friends，and the time removes the fear that keeps us separate. When we offer to serve another，we grow to live in a larger and 40. (many)rewarding world.5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A girl

42、 who has a gift for drawingI went to an exhibition last month, 41. I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 42. drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 43. is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 44. the paintings were on show,

43、our eyes were caught by a very large picture 45. was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 46. was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 47. was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 48. I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young pain

44、ter 49. I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 50. has ever been heard of in her hometown. B

45、ut if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you.6阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of 51. expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dres

46、s 52. was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. 53. (look) at her scornfully, he told her that the dress 54. (sell). The woman walked55. of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dresse

47、d in a fur coat, 56. a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 57. seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great58. (difficult), he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soo

48、n as she saw it, the woman said she 59. (not)like it. She enjoyed60. （she） making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.7阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式. Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however, neither to be troublesome,61. would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make62. (he) useful to his kind master. He would