专题04 动词的时态和语态 第4讲 -被动语态---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（练）（教师版）.docx

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1、专题04动词的时态和语态 第4讲 被动语态(练)时间 ：50分钟 满分：50分姓名_ 得数_.单句语法填空（每个1分，共20分）1. 2021·安徽省皖南八校高三第一次联考 During the second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945 ), Chiang Kai-sheks government fled to Chungking, and the Headquarters _(occupy) by Wang Jingwei.【答案】was occupied【解析】考查动词时态及语态。第二次中日战争（1937-1945）期间，蒋介石政府逃到重庆，总部被

2、王精卫占领。此处occupy是谓语动词，与主语the Headquarters是被动关系，此处主语是专有名词，指总统府，是单数，根据时间状语During the second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945 )可知，用一般过去时，故填was occupied。 2. 2021·宁夏银川一中高三第三次月考Some families in the United States prefer to eat meat and potatoes. Grits (粗玉米粉) _ (eat) by families in the southern United S

3、tates.【答案】are eaten【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。在美国南部，许多家庭都吃粗玉米粉。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。主语Grits与谓语动词eat构成被动关系，应用被动语态，grits为复数，谓语动词也应用复数形式，故填are eaten。3. 2019·上海卷 The female turtles never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that _ (deposit) in the warm sand.【答案】were deposited【解析】考查时态和语态。雌海龟再也不会到鸟巢里去照顾落在温暖

4、沙滩上的蛋了。本句是个定语从句，设空处所给词是做从句的谓语，the eggs与deposit之间是被动关系，龟蛋放置在温暖的沙滩上是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态were deposited。故填were deposited。4. 2021·江西省赣州市会昌县七校高三联合月考The new report _ (call) the "World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency."【答案】is called【解析】考查时态和语态。这份新的报告被称为“世界科学家对气候紧急情况的警告”。描述一个客观

5、的事实，用一般现在时；“新的报告”和“称为”之间是被动关系，用被动语态。所以填is called。5. 2021·云南师范大学附属中学高考适应性月考卷（三）On the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, a year is divided into 24 solar terms. The solar terms_ (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production.【答案】were created【解析】考查动词时态及语态。节气在几千年前就有了，用来指导农业生产。根据后

6、文“thousands of years ago”可知，应用一般过去时，且主语“The solar terms”与谓语动词构成被动语态。故填were created。6. 【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调查（一）】Someone once said."Habits are like a cable （电缆线）.We form it little by little every day and soon it cannot 56 (break)."【答案】be broken【解析】考查语态。句意：我们每日为其编织一股，不久它便不容易断裂。句中it代指cable，与

7、break之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be broken。7. 【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调查（一）】More energy 60 (spend) in the first few minutes of lift-off than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles.【答案】was spent【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在发射的前几分钟所消耗的能量，比接下来几天飞行50万英里所消耗的能量还要多。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。主语energy与

8、spend之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was spent。8. 【2021届江苏省扬州市高三上学期期初调研】China's navigation satellite system37（name)after "Beidou”，which carries the meaning of "pointing out the right direction."China started constructing the BeiDou Navigation Satellite Experimental System(BDS-1)back in 1994,and

9、 now it consists of 55 satellites and can provide services worldwide.【答案】is named【解析】考查被动语态。句意：中国的导航卫星系统以“北斗”命名，意为“指明正确的方向”。name after：以命名，此句描述的是一个事实，且主语navigation satellite system与name之间是被动关系，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故答案为is named。9. 【江苏省徐州市（市区部分学校）2021届高三9月学情调研】With seasonal temperatures breaking records alm

10、ost every year, tree species 36 (expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centers northward.【答案】are expected【解析】考查语态。分析句子tree species _1_ (expect) to adapt to the changes可知，本句中的expect的宾语是tree species，故本句中要用被动语态。因为expect sb/sth. to do，而sth/sb. be expected，故本空要填are expected。

11、10. 【江苏省徐州市2021届高三上学期期中】 Colorful lights 38(produce) when the outer sphere of the atmosphere is disturbed by solar wind.【答案】are produced【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：当大气外层受到太阳风的干扰时，就会产生五颜六色的光。句子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为colors，谓语动词应用复数。故填are produced。11. The sales figure ( two million copies)_

12、(announce) by Penguin Random House last Friday.【答案】was announced【解析】考查时态语态。句意：企鹅兰登书屋上周五公布了这一销售数字（200万册）。sales figure 与announce之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，last Friday表明用一般过去时，故填was announced。12. We _ (drive) up, down and around them by an experienced Arabian driver. 【答案】were driven【解析】考查时态语态。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，“

13、我们”和“驱使”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填were driven。13. The qualities of whisky come from the water which _ (use) to make it the rich "peaty"(多泥炭的) water of Scotland. 【答案】is used【解析】考查被动语态。此处是指水被用来制作威士忌酒，且描述客观事实，主语为单数，故用一般现在时的被动语态is used。14. A 3D printer (place)inside the robot to create the desired shap

14、e.【答案】is placed【解析】考查被动语态。句意：3D打印机被放置在机器人内部，以创建所需的形状。本句谓语place与主语构成被动，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填is placed。15. Theres just one big problem: smartwatches are unprotected and can _ (damage) easily.【答案】be damaged【解析】考查被动语态。句意：有一个大问题，智能手表如果没有保护措施的话，很容易遭到损坏。分析句子可知，damage与主语为动宾关系，故用被动语态，接在情态动词之后，故用be动词原形，故用be

15、damaged。16. But even more than 600 years after it _ (build)，its still managing to serve up surprises.【答案】was built【解析】考查语态。句意：但即使是在它建成600多年后，它仍能带来惊喜。根据句意，此处应使用被动语态，再根据even more than 600 years after可知，应使用一般过去时。故填was built。17. By that time，she _ (accept) by Yale University and Harvard University in th

16、e US.【答案】had been accepted【解析】根据by that time可知，此处用过去完成时，she与accept之间为被动关系，故填had been accepted。18. It's fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only years of practice but also natural talent _ (need)【答案】is needed【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only.but also.”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。nat

17、ural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is needed。19. A newborn baby would _ (dress) in a gown for his first year or two. Then he was “breached(穿裤礼)” and wore articles of clothing like shorts. The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old.【答案】be dressed【解析】考查语态。名词baby和dress之间是动宾关系，

18、故用被动语态。20. As a foreigner, I _ (absorb) and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K【答案】was absorbed【解析】考查动词时态和语态。此处描述当时旅行的情景，故应用一般过去时；由语境可知，作者被吸引住了，故应用被动语态。.单项选择（每个1分，共15分）1【2019·江苏】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_ by 2022 fo

19、r the Beijing Winer Olympics.A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。2【2019·天津】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to th

20、e village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given【答案】C【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。3【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for

21、 two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who _ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。4【201

22、8·天津】13. My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。5【2018·江苏】30. I was sent

23、 to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years.A. had been carried out B. would be carried outC. is being carried out D. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派

24、到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。6. 【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟

25、踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。7（2020·江苏镇江·高三三模）By the end of 2020, as is clearly stated, poverty relief work _ across the country.Awill have accomplishedBhas been accomplishedChas accomplishedDwill have been accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：到2020年底，全国扶贫开发工作将基本完成。根据By the end of

26、 2020可知主句的时态为将来完成时，且主语为poverty relief work，因此要用被动语态。故选D项。8. 【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented【答案】D【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且

27、无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。9. 【2015·北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes, we _by our hosts.A. were treated B. would be treated. C. treated D. had treated【答案】A 【解析】句意：你喜欢这个聚会吗？是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选

28、A。10. 【2015·天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reachD. will have reached【答案】A【解析】句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。11. 【2015·福建】26.To my delig

29、ht, I _from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.A. was chosenB. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen【答案】A【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A。12. I am a better reader this year than I was last year because

30、I _ to hundreds of new concepts and ideas.A. have exposed B. had been exposed C. have been exposed D. was exposed【答案】C【解析】句意：今年我比去年更擅长阅读，因为我接触了数百种新的概念和想法。由上文可知“阅读”的动作发生在去年，延续到今年，并对现在产生了影响，故应为现在完成时。Expose“暴露；揭发”为瞬间性动词，此处现在完成时需改为延续性动词表示“接触”的状态，故用be exposed。综上本题最终选C。13. 【江苏省镇江市2019届高三一模】32.An exhibitio

31、n with 885 cultural relics to be displayed _ at the Meridian Gate Gallery.A. was held B. would hold C. has hold D. will be held【答案】D【解析】句意：午门画廊将展出885件文物。上文中的to be displayed表将来，故本句为一般将来时。且主语An exhibition与谓语动词hold构成被动关系，故用will be held。故选D。14. -Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?-Yes, the posts

32、 about the virtual green frog over 4 million times.A. have read B. have been readC. would be read D. are reading【答案】B【解析】B考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：-你喜欢移动游戏青蛙吗？-是的，关于虚拟绿蛙的帖子已经被阅读了400多万次。The posts和read是被动关系，用被动语态，“已经被阅读过了”用完成时态，故选B。15About 3.000 Chinese students will go to universities in America this year, plu

33、s 200 who _ earlier for graduate and postgraduate studies. A. admit B. are admitted C. have been admitted D. had been admitted【答案】C【解析】句意：加上早些时候因为毕业和研究生学习而被录取的200名学生，今年大概会有3000名学生去美国上大学。此处表示的是“已经被录取的”故用完成时态的被动语态较为适合，故选CIII【过关练】高考真题（每个1.5分，共15分）1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）This really excites scientists, C

34、arle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct) .【答案】is constructed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。2.（2020&

35、#183;浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59(need).【答案】was needed【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。3. （2018浙江卷） I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I (shock) when I

36、learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.【答案】was shocked 【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock与主语I为被动关系，同时根据后面的learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填was shocked。句意：我还记得访问过一个住在这里5年的朋友，当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候，我很震惊。4. （2017全国I卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.

37、 【答案】are removed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。句意：当脂肪和盐被从食物中除去时，食物的味道就好像它缺少某种东西一样。5.（2017全国II卷）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. 【答案】were u

38、sed【解析】考查时态和被动语态。steam engines与use是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：用冒着烟雾和带有噪音的蒸汽机拉马车，这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的体验。6. （2017全国III卷）Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 【答案】has been told/was told【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，可以用现在完成时或一般

39、过去时。句意：有人告诉萨拉，她可能成为英国的新超级名模，下一年可以赚一百万美元。7. (2016·全国卷)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【答案】be made 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。be made根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。8. 【2016·全国新课标I】So it was a great honou

40、r to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.【答案】was allowed【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物， be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”。9. 【2016·上海】(B)In recent years, stress(33)_

41、(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. 【答案】has been regarded  【解析】考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。10. 【2016·四川】The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.【答案】is loved 【解析】句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The giant panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is loved。