专题05-形容词和副词（原卷版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

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1、考点05 形容词和副词（原卷版）【命题趋势】往年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。近三年来考点开始涉及特殊形容词和副词的相互转换、形容词及形容词短语作状语，形容词和副词的词义比较和具体运用。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握词性转换等重点知识。【重要考向】一、形容词和副词的比较等级；二、形容词修饰名词；三、形容词和副词的辨析；考向一 形容词和副词的比较等级【典例】【2021全国新高考卷语法填空】The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets

2、, the 59._ (hot) the spring! Strange, isnt it? But thats how nature is always leaving us 60._ (astonish).【形容词和副词的比较等级提分秘籍】1形容词或副词的as.as结构两者相比，当AB时，用“asadj./adv.原级as”来表示。如：Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。双方相比，当AB，或指A的程度较低时，用“not as/so adj./adv.原级as”表示。如：He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他

3、不如他妹妹学习努力。2形容词或副词的比较级than当双方比较，A>B时，用“比较级than”结构。当A不及B的程度时，用“lessadj./adv.原级than”的结构。如：I dont think maths is more important than physics.I think maths is less important than physics.我认为数学没有物理重要。【特别提醒】 (1)quite只可用于quite better结构中，表示“病已经好多了”。(2)by far与far的区别：far只用于“far比较级”结构中，其他情况下都用by far来加强语气。如：H

4、e is far better today.He is better by far today.He is by far the best student in our class.(3)many与much的区别：修饰可数名词复数时，用many，其他情况下都用much。如：The hens have laid many more eggs than before.这些鸡产的蛋比以前多多了。There is much more water in this river.这条河里有更多的水。He is much cleverer.他更加聪明了。3“the比较级，the比较级”结构表示“越越”The

5、more tickets you sell ，the more money you will get.你票卖得越多，你得到的钱就会越多。4当三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用最高级这种句式中一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语；最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语修饰。如：The building being built now is by far the highest in the city.目前在建的那座大楼是本市最高的大楼。5比较级表示最高级含

6、义(1)比较级than any other可数名词单数。如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。(2)比较级than all(the)other可数名词复数。如：China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。(3)no/never/nothing.比较级。如:Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。(4)“否定词不定冠词形容词的比较级名词”或

7、“否定词副词的比较级”表示“从未；未曾”。如：This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one.这部电影很感人，我从没有看到过比它更好的了。考向二 形容词修饰名词【典例】【2021全国乙卷语法填空】Provide _(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. 【形容词修饰名词提分秘籍】1多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。它们的顺序是：限定

8、词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)数词(序数词基数词)描绘性形容词(nice，good，interesting，beautiful.)特征形容词(大小、长短、高低形状年龄、新旧)颜色形容词国籍、出处物质、材料用途、类别中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺口溜帮助记忆：限数描、大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。在实际运用中，很少会同时出现这么多修饰词，但我们必须记住以上规则。此外，还应当多阅读，多体会，以增强语感。如：another three English books另外三本英语书；all these last few days最近的这些日子；a beautiful

9、white Chinese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车形容词作定语时，我们尤其要记住下列两种特殊结构：(1)so/how/as/too/thatadj.a(n)单数名词(2)rather/quite/what/sucha(n)adj.单数名词2形容词作定语后置的几种情况(1)当形容词修饰由some，any，no，every构成的复合词，如something，anything，nothing等时形容词须后置。如：Is there anything new in todays newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗？(2)当“形容词介词/不定式”构成的短语作定

10、语时。如：There is a bag full of rice on his table.他的桌上有满满一袋米。(3)当两个意义相反的形容词用both.and.，and，or或so连接在一起作定语时。如：People in the village, young and old, men and women are fond of singing and dancing.村里的男女老幼都喜爱唱歌跳舞。(4)当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。如：The peasants dug a well about fifty metres deep.农民们挖了一口

11、约五十米深的井。(5)有些表语形容词作定语。如afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth等。如：Tom was the only boy awake at that time.汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。考向三 形容词和副词的辨析【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people

12、going about their _ (day) routines.【形容词和副词的辨析提分秘籍】1形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看作是“being形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开He lay in bed，wide awake.他躺在床上，完全清醒着。He went to bed, cold and hungry.他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。2副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或

13、句尾Fortunately，he escaped from the fire.他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。3有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加­ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同不带­ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念(也就是词的本义)；加­ly的往往表示的是抽象概念(也就是词的引申义)。close接近(指距离)closely仔细地，密切地；free免费freely自由地，自如地；deep深地deeply深刻地，深入地；hard努力地hardly几乎不；wide充分(张开)地，宽阔地widely广泛地；high高地highly高度

14、地，非常；late迟，晚lately最近，近来；near邻近地nearly几乎；most最mostly主要地。如：He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，赢得了他的同学们的高度赞扬。一般说来，形容词­ly构成的是副词，如：deeply，highly，widely等；名词­ly构成的是形容词或名词，如：friendly，brotherly，lovely，weekly，monthly等。4r

15、ather，very，quite，fairly的区别(1)rather常用于不愉快的场合，用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词，如bad，poor，badly等；fairly常用于较愉快的场合，用来修饰表示赞美的褒义形容词或副词，如nice，well，clever等。如：She is fairly clever, but does rather badly in her lessons.她很聪明，但功课相当差。(2)如果修饰中性的形容词或副词，如easy，fast，thin等，fairly表示肯定概念，即说话人的态度是赞美的、满意的；而rather表示否定概念，即说话人是不满意的。如：The soup

16、is fairly hot.这汤还算热。(表示喜欢热汤)The soup is rather hot.这汤太烫了。(表示讨厌太烫的汤)rather可用在similar，different，too以及介词like，形容词、副词的比较级之前，也可修饰动词，而fairly，quite则不能，但可以说quite better。如：今天比昨天暖和得多。误It is fairly warmer today than yesterday.正It is rather warmer today than yesterday.(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深，表示主观看法，可理解为“十分”。如：The

17、news is quite amazing.这消息十分惊人。(4)fairly只能用在不定冠词之后；而quite和rather位于不定冠词前、后皆可。如：This is a fairly heavy/rather a heavy/a rather heavy/a quite heavy/quite a heavy job for us.对我们来说，这真是一项相当繁重的工作。另外，rather有时跟褒义词尤其是表示“好”的词连用时，强调被修饰词的程度，可与fairly，quite互换。如：Your English is rather/fairly/quite good.你的英语相当好。在高考试题

18、中，经常会考查形容词同义词和副词同义词的辨析，所以我们在学习中要注意它们在不同语句中的用法差异。以下是常见的几组同义词：alone，lonely；calm, quiet, silent, still; older, elder; farther, further; fast，quick, soon, rapid; living, alive, live, lively; real, true; high，tall; ill, sick; likely, possible, probable; no more than, not more than; no less than, not less

19、 than; too much, much too；yet, still; no longer, no more; almost, nearly；just, very。1.【2021全国新高考卷语法填空】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _ (ache) legs.2.【2021全国新高考卷语法填空】It w

20、ill _ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 3.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the d

21、evelopment of the local areas. 4.【2021全国甲卷语法填空】After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what _ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!5.【2021浙江卷语法填空】But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people

22、 in many countries had narrowed _ (sharp) .6.【2021浙江卷语法填空】This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including _ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.7【2020全国卷语法填空】Landing on the moons far side is _ (extreme

23、) challenging. 8.【2020全国卷语法填空】Data about the moons composition, such as how _ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.9.【2020全国卷语法填空】Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in thei

24、r homes and office. _ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 10.【2020全国卷语法填空】Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The _(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 11.【2020全国卷语法填空】One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he c

25、alled all great artists to come and present their _ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 12.【2020全国卷语法填空】As the small boat moved, _ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 13.【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】In the 18th and 19th centuries, _（w

26、ealth）people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. 14.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _ (old) than before. 15.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】This is _ (

27、particular) true in the US. 16.【2019全国卷语法填空】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.17.【2019全国卷语法填空】Scientists have responded by noting that

28、 hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _ (high) than they actually are. 18.【2019全国卷语法填空】Her years of hard work have _（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.19.【2019全国卷

29、语法填空】It's _ (wonder）.20.【2019全国卷语法填空】They also shared with us many 67._（tradition）stories about Hawaii that were 68._ （huge）popular with tourists. 21.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _ (easy) see them.22.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】School uni

30、forms are _ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 23.【2018全国卷语法填空】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ (long) than non-runners. 24.【2018全国卷语法填空】Running is cheap, easy and its always _ (energy). 25.【2018全国卷语法填空】A taste

31、for meat is _ (actual) behind the change: 26.【2018全国卷语法填空】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _ (globe) fertilizer consumption. 27.【2018全国卷语法填空】He screams the _ (loud)of all. 28.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _ (a

32、fford) but doing this most days adds up. 29.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health. 30.【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】_ (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.31.【2017全国卷语法填空】Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 32.【2

33、017全国卷语法填空】However, be _ (care) not to go to extremes. 33.【2017全国卷语法填空】Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been_ (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.34.【2017全国卷语法填空】The Central London Railway was one of the most_ (success) of these new lines,

34、and was opened in 1900. 35.【2017全国卷语法填空】It is _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 36.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】One of the 40. _ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 41. _ (real) read at least one 37.【2017浙江卷语法填空】But something made her look closer, and she noti

35、ced a _ (shine) object. 38.【2017浙江卷语法填空】Sixteen years _ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal. 1.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】Though making entrance fees compulsory will make museums less _ (access) to some, many museums do have certain days of the week when admission is free.2.【重庆市

36、南开中学2021届高三仿真】We are so proud of her. Its _ (wonder).”3.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】Her years of hard work have _ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.4.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of he

37、r. Its _ (wonder).5.【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】"We do not keep elephants behind iron fences _ (permanent), so all elephants are taken out to adapt to the wild environment every day." Chen says.6.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】He advised people to wear masks, wash hands _ (frequent),stay at home and not to go t

38、o crowd places. 7.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Abacus has had a far-reaching influence on science and technology, language, literature, art, architecture and many _fields of China and even some areas of the world.8.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】For centuries, this simple counting device (设备) has been passed down through d

39、ifferent dynasties with its original design and purpose _ (actual) unchanged.9.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】When working with an amount of numbers, an abacus is practically faster, since it has a _ (good) “keyboard” than the Western calculators.10.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】Although its extremely dry here, the stabl

40、e water source ensures a _ (sustain) water supply to the spring.11.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】Construction on the_ (north) section from Beijing West Railway Station to the Beijing Daxing International Airport started in 2018.12.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】But within just two years, Wu had become China's youngest _

41、 ( profession) league player.13.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】The great increase in its weight can be owed to Chang'e 5's lunar orbit unmanned docking (会合) program, in which the two parts of Chang'e 5 can _ (automatic) combine into a whole in orbit.14.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】The _ (old) symbols recognizab

42、le as Chinese characters are those found on ancient animal bones.15.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】When you first look at Chinese characters, you will most _ (like) feel that they are very complicated.16.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】Fortunately you need to know only about two or three thousand characters for use in _ (da

43、y) life. 17.【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】As the princess grew up, the King got more _ (worry) because he could not bear to see a princess dance for the common people.18.【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Those amazing light shows in the sky of the arctic regions occur_ (frequent) between September and October and then occu

44、r again between March and April.19.【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】While it is _ (deep) rooted in Chinese culture, Shanghai has also moved with the times and become a modern metropolis From doing sports and running on Bund to traditional Chinese art or modern Western art museums, every activity is feasible in Shang

45、hai.20.【湖北省2021届高三联考】The 38. _ (heavy) and largest in the nations lunar fleet Change 5 would fly in the trajectory within the next several days and make some correction operations before conducting a key braking maneuver (刹车操作) to avoid39. _ (accident) flying past the moon.21.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】Newey

46、 was _ (complete) unprepared.22.【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Of all the events in the universe, solar eclipses may lead to the _ (great) change in animal behavior.23.【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】_ (puzzle) animals that are active during the day head back to their night places while night animals think they've overslept.24.【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】_ (similar) , fish and birds, which are active during the day, go to their night resting places while bats come out.25.【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】The differences between the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river should