专题08.英语词法之情态动词与虚拟语气-十年（2011~2020）高考英语真题分项详解.doc

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1、十年（20102020）高考英语真题分项详解08英语词法情态动词与虚拟语气1.(2010安徽)Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been【答案】D【解析】句意为 “杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。2.(2010安徽)Bob would have helped us y

2、esterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy【答案】A【解析】前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。3.(2010湖南)You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to【答案】D【解析】dont have to 意为 “没有必要”, 符合语境, 句意为：“你没有必要买礼物, 但如果你想买的话, 你也可以买。”4.(2010湖南)I

3、f he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow【答案】C【解析】根据 “wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选C项。5.(2010江西)I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A Must B Can C May D Will【答案】A【解析】must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will

4、意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？6.(2010山东)I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt【答案】A【解析】句意应为 “我本来不应该看那部电影的-它会使我做噩梦的。”表示 “本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 所以A项正确。7.(2010天津)Mark have hurried. After dr

5、iving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt【答案】A【解析】句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后, 他早半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境, 提前半个小时到达, 说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙, 所以用neednt have done 结构, 表示 “本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。8.(2010天津T15)John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone wi

6、th him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 【答案】D【解析】句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用had +过去分词。9.(2010四川) I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need【答案】B【解析】表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用c

7、an, may.句意为： “我可以将这本书带出去吗？” “恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。10.(2010全国卷I)Just be patient .You _ expect the world to change so soon .A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether【答案】A【解析】句意：耐心一点儿, 你不能期望世界变化如此快。通过选项此题考查情态动词, cant在否定句中可以表示推测, 译为不可能,可以表示能力, 译为不能够, 也可以表示命令, 不允许, 但是语气比mustnt弱, 具有劝慰的意思, 根据句意此题中选择A

8、, cant表示劝慰。11.(2010江苏)I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may 【答案】B【解析】shall在第二人称中表示允诺, 还可以表示强制, 命令, 威胁, 警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。12.(2010江苏)George is going to talk about the geography of his cou

9、ntry, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused【答案】B【解析】would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式13.(2010陕西)May I take this book out of the reading room?No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt【答案】D【解析】英语中用could, might表示询问或征求意见

10、的问句中, 肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might, 而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt, 故本题选D。(2010陕西)If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【答案】B【解析】所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用had+过去分词形式, 选B。14.(201

11、0全国卷II)Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt【答案】A【解析】结合语境, 根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时, 要用cant。15.(2010湖北)Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)【答案】cant/ couldnt have done it【解

12、析】当要对过去进行肯定的推测时, 要用 “cant/couldnt+have+done”的结构16.(2010湖北)Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)【答案】(should) be discussed【解析】“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”。17.(2010辽宁)Doctors say that exercise is important for he

13、alth, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may【答案】C【解析】句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要, 但是必须是有规律的锻炼。Can一般表示 “可能, 或能力”；will表示 “意志”；may表示 “许可, 可能”；must表示 “必须”。18.(2010北京)-Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B

14、. must C. would D. can【答案】B【解析】第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约, 那下面的人就回应说, "那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了"因此排除A, C, D19.(2010北京)-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .A.wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wo

15、uldn't have died 【答案】D【解析】第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了, 现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨, 所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldn't have died. If+ had done, 主句为couldnt/ shouldn't/ wouldn't have done.20.(2010浙江)Had I known about this computer progra

16、m, a huge amount of time and energy .A.would have been savedB.had been saved C.will be savedD.was saved【答案】A【解析】根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气, 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序, 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。21.(2010浙江) “You _ have a wrong number,” s

17、he said. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would【答案】C【解析】肯定的猜测, 用must22.(2010上海)-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't【答案】C【解析】此处表示和过去事实相反的情况

18、, 应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做, 而未做23.(2010重庆)You park here! Its an emergency exit. A. wouldntB. needntC. couldntD. mustnt【答案】D【解析】由后面的 “这是一个紧急出口”可知, 这儿是禁止某人停车, 所以用mustnt表示禁止某人做某事。符合语境。24.(2011全国卷)They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should【答案】D【解析】句意为“他

19、们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。25.(2011全国卷II)If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may【答案】C【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去

20、抽。”must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。26.(2011北京)I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not【答案】D【解析】句意为“我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasnt certai

21、n说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。27.(2011北京)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been【答案】A【解析】句意为“孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。28.(2011北京)Maybe if I s

22、cience, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【答案】C【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。29.(2011天津)I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was co

23、ming C. would come D. would have come【答案】D【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。30.(2011上海春招) Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt【答案

24、】B【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustnt禁止，不允许；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightnt可能不；shouldnt不应该。根据句意选B。31.(2011江苏)I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should hav

25、e stolen D. must have stolen【答案】B【解析】句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。32.(2011福建)Shall I inform him of the change of the s

26、chedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can【答案】B【解析】句意为“需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。33.(2011福建)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.

27、had attended C.would attend D.would have attended【答案】D【解析】句意为“真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。34.(2011安徽)What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never

28、replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced【答案】C【解析】句意为“你对将来的商店购物怎么看？我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选C。35.(2011浙江)Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so

29、 much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt【答案】D【解析】句意为“你的新保姆怎么样？找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。根据句意选D。36.(2011四川)The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A.can B.may C.must D.should【答案】A【解析】句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can可以，能够；m

30、ay可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A。37.(2011重庆)Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should【答案】C【解析】句意为“昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？我想来的，但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能，表示不确定；would愿意，偏要，表示意志；sh

31、ould应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。38.(2011陕西)I _through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone【答案】A【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。39.(2011陕西)Will you

32、 read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You _have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall【答案】D【解析】句意为“妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？好的，如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选D。40.(2011湖南)No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need

33、 C. must D. might【答案】A【解析】句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以，能够；need需要；must必须；might可能。故根据题意，选A。41.(2011辽宁)If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. can B. may C. must D. will【答案】C【解析】句意为“如果你非得走话，至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。”can可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要；will将要，愿意。根据后句的劝告，选C。42.(2011江西)It _ be the postman

34、at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt【答案】B【解析】句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustnt 禁止，不允许；cant 不可能；wont 不愿意，就是不，偏不；neednt 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。43.(2011江西)We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.will put B. will have pu

35、t C. would put D. would have put【答案】B【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。44.(2011江西)We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.A.may notB.needntC.cantD.mustnt 【答案】B【解析】may

36、 not不可以，neednt不需要，can't不可能， mustn't绝不可能本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。45.(2012湖南)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had【答案】D【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设 46.(2012重庆)-_you interrupt no

37、w? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would【答案】 C【解析】句意：“你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。47.(2012辽宁)One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will【

38、答案】C【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。48.(2012四川)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 【答案】 B【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。49.(2012陕西)If may car _mor

39、e reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be【答案】B 【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。50.(2012陕西)I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 【答案】B 【解

40、析】所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型cant/couldnt too，意思是：再都不为过，选B。51.(2012北京)We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced【答案】C【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能。52.(2012北京)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had b

41、een【答案】B【解析】虚拟语气考点，对现在的虚拟用were。53.(2012全国卷II)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need【答案】A【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。54.(2012全国新课程)I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train co

42、mes by my house.A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't【答案】D【解析】此处考查情态动词，neednt+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。55.(2012山东)If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made【答案

43、】D【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。56.(2012福建)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visit D. would have visited【答案】D【解析】本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容