专题21-2021真题阅读之熟词生义和常考词汇(解析版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点帮.docx

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1、考点21 2021真题阅读之熟词生义和常考词汇（解析版）【命题趋势】阅读理解越来越难，主要原因还是在于词汇明明都认识，在文中就是理解不了其意思。近年高考真题中，不仅阅读理解出现了大量的熟词生义，完形填空，七选五以及听力也出现大量的熟词生义。所以词汇的学习和集中记忆迫在眉睫。最好学习词汇的方法就是从真题中学习。以下内容主要以2021年真题为例，练习熟词生义，以及总结了2021年高考真题阅读理解中常考词汇。【重要考向】一、高考真题阅读熟词生义练习；二、高考真题阅读常考词汇；考向一 高考真题阅读熟词生义练习【典例】1. 【2021新高考全国卷1阅读理解C】Millions of acres of w

2、etlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).n. 房屋；住一屋的人；机构；议院；观众；听众；黄道十二宫之一v. 给房子住；储存(某物)；容纳；藏有1.【2020北京卷阅读理解A】Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type.n. 住址；网址；电子邮箱地址；称呼；致词；讲话；演讲；谈吐v. 称呼

3、；发表演说；提出；写地址；处理2. 【2021年新高考全国卷阅读理解B】I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.v. 站立；忍受；位于；停滞n. 站立；货摊；停顿；看台; 架子3.【2021浙江卷1月阅读理解】When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brot

4、her might be on the train he saw in front of him so he got on.v. 决定；判断；断定4. 【2021浙江卷1月阅读理解】The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings.adv. 相等地；同样地；平等地5. 【2021浙江卷1月阅读

5、理解】The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.n. 电影；薄膜；胶卷vt. 把 . 拍成电影；给 . 覆上一薄层；拍照片vi. 变朦胧；拍摄（电影）6.【2021浙江卷1月阅读理解】Theyre the only thing that looks like human language in that

6、 respect.vt. 尊敬；尊重；遵守；关于；涉及n. 尊敬；敬重；关系；方面n. （复）respects: 敬意；问候7.【2021浙江卷1月阅读理解】 In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling: “Climb on me.”n. 信号；标志v. (发信号)通知、表示；用动作示意，比画，（朝）做手势adj. 显著的8. 【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A】People have been pouring into stadi

7、ums since the days of ancient Greece. v. 使(液体)连续流出；倾倒v.不断涌向 ，涌现 9.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A】 In around 8 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the worlds best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. v. 通知 ，告诉 对.有影响10. 【2021年全国新高考全国I卷阅读理解B】 Hi

8、s job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesnt have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. 推导过程：score刻痕，刻线（基本义）  刻线记曲子  乐谱（生义）11.【2021年全国新高考全国I卷阅读理解A】 Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, b

9、ar crawls and karaoke.n. 注射；投篮；发射；拍摄；开枪；子弹;少量饮料（尤指少量烈酒）adj. (织物)闪色的；精疲力尽的；完了的12. 【2021年全国新高考全国I卷阅读理解B】His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesnt have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.n. 流动；涨潮；流；流量vi. 流动；涌出；飘动；流畅，连贯

10、vt. 淹没13. 【2021年全国新高考全国I卷阅读理解B】Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.n. 键；关键；钥匙；答案adj. 关键的；主要的vt. 键入；用钥匙锁上；为 . 调音14. 【2021年全国新高考全国I卷阅读理解B】But like all perfo

11、rmances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”n. 草稿；草图；汇票；征兵；气流（此处为冷风）vt. 起草；征兵

12、；选秀adj. 酝酿中的15.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A】However, that was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.n. 马戏团；马戏表演；竞技场；广场16. 【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A】 For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks t

13、hem by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites. n. 情形；状态；国家；州；政府adj. 国家的；州的；国事礼仪的v. 陈述；声明；说明；规定；公布17. 【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A】 All these stadiums are still functional , still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. n.

14、60;大事；事件；比赛项目；体育比赛18. 【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B】 That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.n. 观点；看法；要点；重点；特点；点；地点；小

15、数点；尖端；岬角；海角；意义；目标；分数；(罗盘上的)方位点；(温度的)点；插座；(字体)磅值；发展的阶段，程度v. 指；指向；朝向；瞄准；灰泥或水泥勾（某物）的砖缝19. 【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B】 Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.n. 声音；嗓音；语语态；

16、发言权；意见vt. 表达；语发音；音调音20. 【2020北京卷阅读理解A】We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible.n. 房屋；住一屋的人；机构；议院；观众；听众；黄道十二宫之一v. 给房子住；储存(某物)；容纳；藏有21. 【2020北京卷阅读理解A】Our courses, totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different l

17、anguages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away. adj. 总的；全体的；完全的n. 总数；合计v. 共计；总计22. 【2021全国甲卷阅读理解七选五】 It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.vt. 得分；获胜；刻划；划线；批评；给 . 谱曲；得到手，买到手n.&#

18、160;得分；刻痕；二十；乐谱vi. 得分；记分；得胜23.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解七选五】I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. v. 骑马; 乘坐24.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解七选五】He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most. n. 重量; 重担，压力25.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解七选五

19、】If you are the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. . v. 移开，免职; 使.离开26. 【2021年全国新高考全国I卷七选五】The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.v. 消耗；吃喝；毁灭27. 【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解七选五】And what about that other dinner-party

20、 killer: awkward silence? If youre faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）.n. 杀人者；凶手；致命物；消灭者；棘手的事；迷人的人；精彩的事物考向二 高考真题阅读常考词汇【典例】2021新高考全国卷阅读理解A1.pricey 2.security 3.recommendation 4.affordable 5.a

21、tmosphere 6.bonus 7.shot 8.rooftop 9.furnishing 10.staff 11.provide 12.require 13.charge 14.inconveniently1.pricey adj. 昂贵的；过分昂贵的2.security n. 安全；保证；证券；债券；抵押；防护措施3. recommendation n. 推荐；建议4.affordable adj. 支付得起的；不太昂贵的5.atmosphere n. 大气；空气；气氛；气压6.bonus n. 红利；意外所得之物；奖金；【篮

22、】追加罚篮7.shot n. 注射；投篮；发射；拍摄；开枪；子弹adj. (织物)闪色的；精疲力尽的；完了的8.rooftop n. 屋顶9.furnishing n. 供给(装备)10.staff n. 员工；全体人员；全体职员；拐杖；杆；棒；五线谱vt. 配备员工11.provide v. 供给；提供；准备；规定；抚养12.require v. 要求；需要；命令；规定13.charge n. 责任；电荷；指控；费用；照顾vi. 要价；充电；向前冲，冲锋；记在账上vt. 控诉；赊帐；

23、给充电；委以重任；归罪于；装填（炸药等）14.inconveniently adv. 不方便地2021年3月高考天津卷2021年3月高考天津卷阅读理解A1. delivery 2. disabilities 3. suburban 4. applicant 5. license 6. access 7. provide 8. donate 9. equipment 10. furniture 11. sort 12. candidate 13. submit 14. vacancy 15. require 16. available 17. initial 18. session 1

24、9. accommodation 20. involve1. delivery n. 传递；交付；递送；分娩；转让；演讲姿态；投球2. disabilities n. 无力；无能；残疾；不利条件3. suburban adj. 市郊的；郊区的4. applicant n. 申请人5. license n. 许可证；执照；特许vt. 发许可证给；特许6. access n. 入口；通道n. 接近(的机会)；使用之权vt. 进入；(电脑)存取7. provide v. 供给；提供；准备；规定；抚养8

25、. donate v. 捐赠；捐献9. equipment n. 设备；装备；器材10. furniture n. 家具；设备，装置；床罩；必要的附属品；【会计】家俬11. sort n. 种类；某一种人v. 整理；分类；处理；安排妥当12. candidate n. 候选人；应试者13. submit vt. 使服从；使屈服；提交；递交；认为vi. 屈从14. vacancy n. 空缺；空白；失神15. require v. 要求；需要；命令；规定16. available adj.

26、0;可利用的；可得到的；有空的；有效的；<贬>【政】有资格的，适合的17. initial n. (词)首字母adj. 开始的；最初的；字首的vt. 签姓名的首字母于18. session n. 会议；会期；开庭期；学期；一段时间19. accommodation n. 膳宿；和解；住处；适应20. involve vt. 包含；使忙于；牵涉；使卷入；使陷入2021年3月高考天津卷阅读理解B1. dusty 2. surface 3. emerge 4. tank 5. destruction 6. scream 7. d

27、ocumentary 8. poignancy 9. tough 10. transform 11. process 12. theory 13. define 14. prove 15. survive 16. treasure1. dusty adj. 满是灰尘的2. surface n. 表面；外表；平面adj. 表面的；肤浅的vt. 在 . 上加表层；使 . 成平面vi. 浮到水面；显露；在表面工作3. emerge vi. 浮现；(由某种状态)脱出；(事实)显现出来4. tank n. 箱；罐；槽；贮水池；坦克vt

28、. 把 . 储于槽中5. destruction n. 破坏；毁灭6. scream n. 尖叫声v. 尖叫；（指风 机器等）发出大而尖的声音7. documentary n. 纪录片adj. 纪实的；文件形式的8. poignancy n. 辛酸事；尖锐9. tough adj. 强硬的；棘手的，难办的；艰苦的；严厉的；牢固的，强壮的；坚强的，坚韧的adv. 以强硬的态度；强硬地，顽强地n. 暴徒; 恶棍10. transform vt. 改变；转换vi. 改变；变形；变态

29、11. process n. 工序；过程v. 加工；处理；起诉；列队前进12. theory n. 学说；理论；原理；意见13. define v. 规定；限定；定义；解释14. prove v. 证明；检验；结果是；发酵15. survive vt. 幸免于难；存活；艰难度过；比 . 活得长vi. 活着；继续存在16. treasure n. 财富；宝物vt. 珍藏；珍视2021年3月高考天津卷阅读理解C1. trial 2. anxiety 3. procedure 4. inspire 5. dep

30、artment 6. conduct 7. consciousness 8. modified 9. imaginary 10. disassociate 11. establish 12. sensation 13. associate 14. creativity 15. appeal 16. wildfire 17. staff 18. reputation 19. assist 20. reflect 21. enthusiasm 22. criticism 23. communicate 24. standard 1. trial n. 审讯；试验；试用；尝试；预赛或选拔赛

31、；讨厌的事；惹麻烦的人v. 测试2. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望3. procedure n. 程序；手续；步骤4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；产生；赋予.灵感vi. 吸入5. department n. 部门；系；科；处；局n. 知识范围6. conduct n. 行为；举动；品行v. 引导；指挥；管理vt. 导电；传热7. consciousness n. 意识；知觉；自觉；觉悟8. modified adj. 修改的9. imaginary adj

32、. 想象的；虚构的10. disassociate v. 使分离11. establish v. 建立；确立；创办；安顿12. sensation n. 感觉；轰动；激动；知觉13. associate vt. 联想；联合n. 伙伴；同事；同伴adj. 副的；共事的；有联系的n. 准学士学位获得者vi. 交往14. creativity n. 创造力；创造15. appeal n. 恳求；呼吁；上诉；吸引力n. (体育比赛中)诉请裁决v. 呼吁；有吸引力；求助；诉请

33、16. wildfire n. 野火；散布极快的事物；磷火；燃烧剂17. staff n. 员工；全体人员；全体职员；拐杖；杆；棒；五线谱vt. 配备员工18. reputation n. 好名声；声誉，名声，名气19. assist vt. 帮助；协助vi. 帮助；出席n. 帮助；协助；助攻；协助的器械20. reflect v. 反映；反射；反省；归咎；显示21. enthusiasm n. 热情；热心；热衷的事物22. criticism n. 批评；评论23. communicate v

34、. 传达；沟通；交流24. standard n. 标准；规格；水准；军旗adj. 标准的；普通的；规范的；权威的2021年3月高考天津卷阅读理解D1. generalist 2. specialist 3. expert 4. commitment 5. occupation 6 drawback 7. master 8. pursue 9. responsibility 10. narrow 11. specialty 12. connection 13. enthusiasm 14. perspective 15. superior 16. passion

35、17. related 18. explore 19. fascinate 20. structural 21. philosophy 22. expansion 23. interconnectedness 24. universe 1. generalist n. 通才；多面手2. specialist n. 专家；专科医生；专食性动物3. expert n. 专家；能手adj. 熟练的；内行的4. commitment n. 承诺；保证；信奉；献身；委任；交押5. occupation n. 职业；占有；消遣；居住6 drawb

36、ack n. 缺点；退税；退款；不利条件；弊7. master n. 主人；硕士；专家vt. 控制；精通adj. 主要的；主人的；精通的8. pursue v. 追求；追捕；继续执行；从事9. responsibility n. 责任；职责；责任心10. narrow adj. 有限的；狭窄的；精密的；度量小的n. 海峡；隘路；狭窄部份v. 变窄11. specialty n. 专业；专长；特别；特产；特性12. connection n. 联系；关系；连接；亲戚13. enthusi

37、asm n. 热情；热心；热衷的事物14. perspective n. 远景；看法；透视adj. 透视的15. superior n. 上级；高手；上标adj. 高傲的；上层的；上好的；出众的16. passion n. 激情；热情；酷爱；盛怒17. related adj. 相关的；有亲属关系的；属于同一种类的（或组别的）18. explore v. 探测；探险；考察；探究19. fascinate vt. 使 . 入迷；吸引住vi. 有吸引力20. structural adj. 

38、;结构的；构造的；建筑的；建筑用的21. philosophy n. 哲学；哲理22. expansion n. 膨胀；扩展；扩充23. interconnectedness v. 使互相连接；连接24. universe n. 宇宙；万物；世界2021高考全国甲卷2021高考全国甲卷阅读理解A1. respected 2.standard 3.platform 4.showcase 5.desirable 6.annual petition 8.photographer pletely 10.classical 11.wonderfully 12.te

39、chnique 13.translate 14.achieve 15.centrally 16.foreground mon1. respected adj. 尊敬的2.standard n. 标准；规格；水准；军旗adj. 标准的；普通的；规范的；权威的3.platform n. 月台；讲台；平台；站台；(政党的)政纲4.showcase n. (玻璃)陈列柜；显示优点的东西vt. 使展示；陈列5.desirable adj. 令人满意的；性感的；有吸引力的；值得的；令人向往的n. 有吸引力的人或物6.annua

40、l adj. 每年的；年度的；一年生的n. 年刊；一年生植物petition n. 竞争；比赛8.photographer n. 摄影师pletely adv. 完全地；十分地；全然10.classical adj. 古典的；权威的；传统的；正统的11.wonderfully adv. 绝妙地；极佳地；惊人的12.technique n. 技术；技巧；技能13.translate v. 翻译；解释；转移；调动14.achieve v. 完成；达到；实现15.centrally adv. 

41、;在中心；主要地16.foreground n. 前景；最显著的位置mon adj. 常见的；共同的；普通的；平常的；平凡的；粗俗的n. 公地；平民；普通；公园2021高考全国甲卷阅读理解B1.breeding 2.creature 3.reserve 4.delighted 5.especially 6.section 7.absolutely 8.explore 9.fantastic 10.adorable 11.female 12.candidate 13.population 14.drop 15.critically 16.controversial

42、17.ambitious 18.condition 19.sensitive1.breeding n. 生养；教养；抚养；繁殖；血统；育种2.creature n. 生物；动物；人3.reserve vt. 保留；预订；延期n. 候补；预备品；贮存n. 含蓄；克制4.delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的v. 快乐；喜悦5.especially adv. 特别；尤其6.section n. 部分；部门；章节；区域；断面；剖面图；零件；路段；切开v. 划分；切开7.absolutely ad

43、v. 完全地；绝对地；语独立地int. （表示赞同）完全正确，一点没错8.explore v. 探测；探险；考察；探究9.fantastic adj. 极好的；巨大的；奇异的；难以置信的；幻想的10.adorable adj. 值得崇敬的；可爱的11.female adj. 女性的；雌性的n. 女性；雌性动物；植雌株12.candidate n. 候选人；应试者13.population n. 人口；(全体)居民；群体14.drop vt. 落下；跌倒；下降；放弃；漏掉；断绝关系n. 

44、滴；微量；减少；滴状物15.critically adv. 批评性地；爱挑剔地；重要地；危急地16.controversial adj. 有争议的；引起争论的17.ambitious adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有抱负的18.condition n. 条件；情况v. 训练；决定；以 . 为条件；护理（头发）19.sensitive adj. 灵敏的；敏感的；感光的；易受伤害的；善解人意的n. 敏感的人2021高考全国甲卷阅读理解C1.except 2.endless 3.trick 4.skateboard 5.rece

45、ntly 6.glance 7.disappointed 8.disagreement 9.relive 10.convey 11.belonging1.except prep. 除了 . 之外conj. 除非；除了 . 之外；若不是vt. 除；除外2.endless adj. 无止境的；没完没了的3.trick n. 诡计；花招；把戏；诀窍vt. 欺骗；戏弄adj. 有诡计的；有阴谋的4.skateboard n. 溜冰板(一种装有滑轮的椭圆形滑板)v. 滑滑板5.recently adv. 

46、最近6.glance v. 扫视；匆匆一看；一瞥；反光；闪烁；掠过n. 一瞥；扫视7.disappointed adj. 失望的8.disagreement n. 不合；争论；不一致9.relive v. 再生；再次经历10.convey vt. 表达；传达；运输；转移11.belonging n. 常用复数所有物；行李；亲密关系；附属品2021高考全国甲卷阅读理解D1.genius 2.humankind 3.symbol 4.intelligent 5.victor 6.standard 7.admission 8.co

47、ntribution 9.unacknowledged 10.reject 11.publish 12.belief 13.avoid 14.planet 15.afford 16.discouraged 17.absolutely 18.constant 19.position 20.appearance 21.determine 22.creativity 23.perseverance 24.unfair 25.objective 26.conservative 27.strict 28.influence 29.improve 30.discrimination 31.concept

48、32.acceptance1.genius n. 天才；天赋2.humankind n. (总称)人类3.symbol n. 符号；象征；标志4.intelligent adj. 聪明的；智能的5.victor n. 胜利者6.standard n. 标准；规格；水准；军旗adj. 标准的；普通的；规范的；权威的7.admission n. 承认；入会费；许可8.contribution n. 贡献；捐款(赠)；投稿9.unacknowledged adj. 不被人承认的；未意识到的；未答复的；

49、未得赏识的；未得回敬的10.reject vt. 拒绝；排斥；驳回；丢弃n. 不合格产品；被拒之人11.publish v. 出版；发行；公开发表12.belief n. 信念；信仰；相信13.avoid vt. 避免；逃避；律使无效；撤销14.planet n. 行星15.afford v. 花费得起；能够做；承担得起(后果)；提供；给予16.discouraged adj. 泄气的17.absolutely adv. 完全地；绝对地；语独立地int. （表示赞同）完全正确，一点没错18.co

50、nstant adj. 不变的；经常的n. 常数；恒量19.position n. 位置；职位；立场；状态vt. 安置；定位20.appearance n. 出现；露面；外貌；外表；出场21.determine v. 决定；决心；确定；测定22.creativity n. 创造力；创造23.perseverance n. 不屈不挠；毅力；坚韧不拔24.unfair adj. 不公平的；(商业上)不正当的25.objective adj. 客观的；真实的；宾语的n. 目标；目的；物物镜；语宾语26.conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的n. 保守派(党)；保守的人27.strict adj. 严格的；精确的；完全的28.influence v