专题09 定语从句 第9讲 -定语从句---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（讲）（教师版）.docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第九讲定语从句【复习概览】在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识核心素养定语从句语言能力语法知识1.单句填空2.语篇填空3.单句翻译4.书面表达生活实践和学习探索情境高考评价关键能力必备知识（）【命题分析】一、命题要求定语从句考点是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：定语从句关系词、定语从句的先行词、定语从句中的主谓一致、定语从句中的时态等。二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.阅读理解中的复杂句子；2.书面表达。从句在语法填空中是必考点。 2022年从句考点还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多

2、大的精力，让学生掌握这个考点都不为过，因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有非谓语动词。【基础巩固】知识点：定语从句必备基础知识：在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。A. 先行词 + 连词（关系代词）+ 陈述句who 【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom 【先行词为人。宾语。】 that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。】which 【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】B. 地方 + where(状语) + 陈述句 【where = at/on/in which】 时间 + when(状语) + 陈述句 【when = at/on/in which】C. 先行词（物/人） + w

3、hose + 名词 whose: 某人的/某物的D. 先行词(人) + 介词 + whom + 陈述句 先行词(物) + 介词 + which + 陈述句重难点知识：考点1关系代词引导的定语从句【典例】1. 2021·浙江1月Theyre the only thing _ looks like human language in that respect.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。此处先行词是thing被the only修饰，且在定语从句中作主语，故填that。2. 2021·八省1月联考I'm gratefu

4、l that the assistant responded in a way _ made me rethink the power of my words.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。我很感激那位店员的回应让我重新考虑我说话的威力。此处先行词是a way，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。3.2021·八省1月联考That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, _ had recently joined the shop. 【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。那天，除了理发师还有一个

5、助手，最近刚加入这个商店。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是an assistant在定语从句中作主语。故填who。【方法指导】1who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。2whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。3that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。4which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。5下列情况只用th

6、at不用which：先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。【变式】【变式】12019·上海卷The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45 0 days, th

7、en the babies grow without their mother, _ is a rare phenomenon in nature.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处which代替前面整个句子的内容，无固定的先行词。故填which。【变式】22019·上海卷For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, _ information is listed above.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语

8、从句。为了进一步了解我们项目的消息，请访问我们的网站或联系我们的Undergraduate Chair，它的信息在上面被列出。此处先行词是Undergraduate Chair，其和后面的information是所属关系，故填whose。考点2关系副词引导的定语从句【典例】1. 【江苏省无锡市第一中学20202021学年高三上学期开学考试】TikToks woes(麻烦) offer others an opening. In India,50200 million users lost access to it overnight, a local rival, Roposo, got 22

9、 million sign-ups in 48 hours. In America Facebook is about to launch Instagram “Reels”, a TikTok clone, and YouTube will soon roll out “Shorts”.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知此处是定语从句，先行词是India，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，故填where。2. 【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my day

10、s on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。【方法指导】1先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。2当

11、定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。【变式】【变式】11. （2021·天津南开区·南开中学高三二模）Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales.AwhichBwhereCwhenDwhy【答

12、案】B【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，position 为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选B。【变式】22. （2021·山东）I dont know the reason _ he left without saying anything.AwhenBwhereCwhyDwhich【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不知道他什么也没说就走了的原因。本句是定语从句，先行词为the reason，先行词在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why。故选C项。【变式

13、】3（2021·天津高三期末）We often reach a point in our life _ we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power.AwhenBthatCasDwhich【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们经常会到达一个临界点，那时我们应该准备好迎接改变，这将帮助我们释放自我提升的力量。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a point，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，排除关系代词，应用关系副词when引导从句，在句中

14、作时间状语。故选A项。考点3 “介词关系代词”引导的【典例】1.【2021·天津3月高考】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _ we can learn without repeating them.Afrom whichBin whichCwith whomDfor whom【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_ we can learn

15、 without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。2.（2021·天津红桥区·高三一模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, _I can look back and see more clearly my own language.ABy whichBthrough whichCwhichDon which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句和介词辨

16、析。句意：学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门，通过它，我可以回顾并且更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，根据句意可知，通过这扇门，先行词door做through“通过”的宾语，指物，用冠词代词which，by表示方式，on“在上面”不符合句意，故选B。【方法指导】1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。2该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”

17、，介词常用of。常见结构：在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。(3)有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。【变式】1.（2021·天津滨海新区·高三三模）The Zhuang is an ethnic group_ the population is the largest of all ethnic groups in Chi

18、na.Aof whomBof whichCof whoDof that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：壮族是中国所有少数民族中人口最多的一个民族。分析可知，设空处为“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词为“an ethnic group”，作of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故选B。2.（2021·天津河北区·高三二模）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled.Aon whichBby whichCto whichDfro

19、m which【答案】C【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：人类和动物面部表情的不同之处，在于某程度上人类面部表情可以受到控制。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the degree，关系代词which在句中指代先行词degree(程度)，表示“某种程度”应为“to some degree”，故介词to符合句意。故选C项。考点4 as，which引导的定语从句【典例】1.【江苏省无锡市2021届高三上学期期中】If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and

20、 messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, 36can create an always available, or "always-on” environment.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如果你团队里的每个人都在不同的时间工作，你可能会全天一直收到邮件和信息，这就能营造出一种一直在线的环境。在非限制性定语从句中，缺少主语，且代指前面一整句话，故用which。2. （2021·天津河西区·高三二模）Stress is everywhere and in fact it isn

21、9;t such a bad thing _ it is often supposed to be.AthatBasCwhatDwhich【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：压力无处不在，事实上它并不像人们认为的那样是一件坏事。分析句子结构以及句意可知，此空引导定语从句，先行词是a bad thing，在从句中做be后表语，结合选项，用关系代词引导，且先行词前有such修饰，所以此处只能用as引导，故选B。【方法指南】1as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2as常用在下列习惯用语中：as (it) often happens，as

22、 I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。3which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。4“such/so.that.”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so.as.”表示“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。5“the same.that.”表示同一个人或物，而“the same.as.”表示同种类的人或物。【变式】1. （2021·天津高三三模）_ is widely accepted, i

23、n the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.AAsBItCWhichDWhat【答案】A【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文化中是不礼貌的。分析可知，_ is widely accepted在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句子“in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching no

24、ses”，结合选项，as和which都可以指代整个句子，在引导非限制性定语从句时，which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，as引导的从句则可以置于句首。故选A。2. （2021·天津高三三模）Swimming is good for teenagers, _ some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.AwhichBwhyCWhomDwhat【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说，这将帮助他们

25、激发潜能，促进他们的大脑发展。分析句子成分可知，“_ some experts say will help them to.”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句“Swimming is good for teenagers(游泳对青少年有好处)”，所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”，并在该句中充当宾语从句中的主语，故应用which，故选A。考点5way和time后接定语从句的【典例】What surprised me was not what he said but the wayhe said it.让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。The wayhe explained to us w

26、as quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation.你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every subject.曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。【方法指南】1在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其

27、后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。2先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。【关键能力】定语从句与语法填空定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最

28、后确定用何关系词。典题试做在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，_ I was the first Western TV reporter.2 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the development of chopsticks.3 Scientists

29、 have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.4 I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.5 The boss of the company is t

30、rying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.6 The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.7 As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.答案：1.when2.who3.which4.that/which5where6.whose7.when应对策略一旦判

31、断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦(一)定语从句意识缺失1关系代词被普通代词取代(误)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_them are my favorite.(正)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_which are my favorite.2关系代词遗漏(误)The last one leaves the classroom please clos

32、e the windows.(正)The last one who_leaves the classroom please close the windows.第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句1有从无主式(误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates.(正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.(正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has_a_v

33、ariety_of_hobbies.笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。2从句成分残缺式(误)Those who_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.(正)Those who_are_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。3画蛇添足式(误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.(误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily. (误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite.第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。