专题14-阅读之推理判断题(解析版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

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1、考点14 阅读之推理判断（解析版）【命题趋势】所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。此类考题虽然没有明确的答案，但我们在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。【重要考向】一、识别推理判断题；二、推理判断题方法；考向一 识别推理判断题【典例】【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare

2、black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).The adorable female

3、calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His moth

4、er, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?A. The rhino section will be open to the public.B. It aims to control the number of the animals.C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D. Some o

5、f its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.【参考答案】D推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。【推理判断题识别提分秘籍】题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，i

6、mply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论)等词语。常见的题干设题形式如下：1We can know from the passage that _2. We can infer from the (first/last) passage that _3The passage/author implies/suggests that _4It can be concluded from the passage that _5The underlined sentence indicates that _考向二 推理判断题解题方法【典例】【2021年全国甲卷阅读

7、理解B篇】Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, espec

8、ially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be bo

9、rn at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?A. Costly.B. Controversial.C. Ambitious.D. Succes

10、sful.【参考答案】D 推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。【推理判断提分秘籍】一、推断写作意图推断

11、写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。常见的设问形式1The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to _2The passage is meant to _3The author's purpose is to show _4The purpose of the article is to _二、 推断观点态度推断观点态度，即要求考生推断作者对某人某事的看法或作者所持的观点常见的设问形式1The author seems to be in favor of/against _2The author

12、may probably agree with/support _3What's the author's opinion about.?4In the author's opinion.?说明文中作者的态度: objective 客观的 neutral 中立的positive 积极的 negative 消极的disapproval 不赞同的 approval 赞同的ironic 讽刺的 critical 批判的optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的cautious 小心谨慎的 admiring 钦佩的indifferent 漠不关心的三、推断文章

13、出处推断文章出处，即通过阅读材料，感知内容，从而推断材料的来源。常见的设问形式1The text is most likely to be taken from _2Where does the text probably come from?3Where can we most probably read this text?四、推断目标读者推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。常见的设问形式1The passage is probably written for _2Who is the passage written for?3The text i

14、s written mainly for _解题方法解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。1.【2021年新高考全国卷阅读理解D篇】We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how bes

15、t to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the pu

16、blicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and

17、researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It i

18、s our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater

19、” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning

20、emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【参考答案】33. B推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, w

21、hile a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。34. A推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The popularization of emotion

22、al intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。35. B推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is

23、 our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。2.【2021年新高考全国卷阅读理解C篇】In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird

24、 Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The ver

25、y first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural res

26、ources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1

27、934better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A. The st

28、amp price has gone down.B. The migratory birds have flown away.C. The hunters have stopped hunting.D. The government has collected money.【参考答案】D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了

29、这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。3.【2021年新高考全国卷阅读理解 B篇】“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you dont turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.Being a page

30、turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with th

31、eir page turner.25. Which of the following best describes Tittertons job on stage?A. Boring.B. Well-paid.C. Demanding.D. Dangerous.【参考答案】C推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you dont turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you

32、 have to go back to the right spot.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。4.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open

33、 office, he said, “Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. The researchers

34、 examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the

35、groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not

36、 differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise not too loud and not total silence may actually improve ones creative thinking ability. The righ

37、t level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks. So why do so many of us hate our open offices?

38、 The problem may be that, in our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a

39、certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.35. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. Hes a news reporter.B. Hes an office manager.C. Hes a professional designer.D. Hes a published writer.【参考答案】D 推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my intervi

40、ewer said something I still think about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。5.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素） only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landl

41、ines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isnt the only factor; Id say its also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone

42、 rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）. How

43、attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games.B. They enjoy guessing callers identity.C. They keep using landline phones.D. They are attached to their family.27. W

44、hat can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.B. It will fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.【参考答案】26. C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home numbe

45、r for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。27. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way o

46、f gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。6.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It'

47、;s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by

48、Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to ha