专题16 形容词和副词 -第16讲 -形容词和副词---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（讲）（教师版）.docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第16讲形容词和副词【复习概览】在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识核心素养形容词和副词语言能力语法知识1.单句填空2.语篇填空3.单句翻译4.书面表达生活实践和学习探索情境高考评价关键能力必备知识（）【命题分析】一、命题要求形容词和副词考点，是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：词形转换、形容词作定语、表语、副词作状语等。二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.完形填空3.书面表达。形容词和副词在语法填空中是必考点。 2022年形容词和副词一定考，让学生掌握这个考点是必要的。【基础巩固】知识点：形容词和副词重难点知识：考点

2、1形容词、副词的比较级【典例】1.【2021·英语全国甲卷】After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】better【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可

3、知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。2.【2021·全国新高考I卷】The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring!【答案】hotter【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越，越”。故填hotter。3.【2021·浙江1月】 This may be due to some disadvantages fo

4、r people living in the countryside, including _ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】 lower【解析】考查形容词比较级。这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。【方法

5、指导】1比较级的修饰语常见的有rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等。2比较级than.“比更”；less.than“不如”。3the比较级，the比较级“越，越”。4the比较级of (the)名词/代词“(两者中)较的”。【变式】【变式】1 2019·上海卷she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: student

6、s are learning how to type without looking at the keys at _（early）ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure.【答案】 earlier【解析】考查形容词。但她认为，与书写相比，学生们通过键盘学习自动化的速度更快:学生们在很小的时候就开始学习如何不看键盘打字，打字的速度比写字快，这给了他们更多的时间来思考单词选择或句子结构。根据空前“

7、students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at”和ages,可知，此处指在“更早的”时候就开始学习不看键盘打字。故填earlier。【变式】2（2021·山东高三一模）Its reported that Fuxing high-speed train can go _ 350 km an hour.Aso fast asBas fast asCas faster asDfast than【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。句意：据报道，复兴号高铁可以快至每小时350公里。根据句意，只有复兴号高铁一个事物，没

8、有多个事物进行比较，需要用原级，不能用比较级，所以排除C选项；D选项than前要用比较级，故D选项也排除。在肯定句中，表示“和一样”用asas结构，否定句中可以用not so/asas“和.不一样”，本句为肯定句，故选B。考点2形容词、副词的最高级【典例】1.【四川省遂宁市2021届高三零诊】Brazil, the_(large)country in South America, is famous for the Amazon rainforest and soccer. But on the hottest days, people travel there for another rea

9、son the Carnival.【答案】largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。巴西是南美洲最大的国家，以亚马逊雨林和足球闻名。根据地理常识，可知巴西是南美洲最大的国家the largest country in South America作Brazil的同位语。故填largest。2. 【河南省顶尖名校2021届高三联考】The _(much) important thing is to take a simple concept. If the concept is too difficult, it will be difficult for children to finish th

10、at experiment.【答案】most【解析】考查形容词最高级。最重要的是要有一个简单的概念。根据上文定冠词“The”以及句意“最重要的”可知应填形容词最高级，the most important最重要的。故填most。【方法指导】1三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。2最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like等。 3“否定词比较级”表示最高级意义。4the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。【变式】The Metropolitan Museum o

11、f Art is one of the worlds (large) art museums. 【答案】largest【解析】考查形容词。句意:大都会艺术博物馆是世界上最大的艺术博物馆之一。根据“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”的结构可知,此处使用largest。考点3倍数表达法【典例】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。Smoking is harmful

12、 to people's health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.这个价格是

13、平时的10倍，一般人根本买不起。【方法指导】表示倍数的几个句型1倍数as形容词/副词原级as.2倍数形容词/副词比较级than.3倍数the性质名词(size/length/height等)of.4The名词be倍数what从句5The名词be倍数that/those of.考点4形容词作状语Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，happy and satisfied.被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩非常高兴，满足地跑回了家。Helpless，we watched our home destroyed bef

14、ore our eyes.我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。Scared and alone，Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.由于害怕和孤独，一天Joshua和一只被他叫作Bethlehem的小老鼠成为朋友，之后那只小老鼠成为了他最亲密的朋友。【方法指南】形容词作状语表示原因、伴随、结果等，表示主语的状态和特征，不能表示动作的方式。考点5词形转换【典例】1.【2021·全国甲】Supposedly you

15、can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 50 (day) routines.【答案】daily【解析】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。2.【2021·全国新

16、高考I卷】The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58(undoubted) help you get refreshed!【答案】undoubtedly【解析】考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。3.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Strange, isnt it? But thats how nature is always leaving u

17、s 60(astonish).【答案】astonished【解析】考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。4. 【2021·浙江1月】Everyone was so_(friend)and like-minded that it was very easy to feel at home.【答案】friendly【解析】考查形容词。每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。系动词后用形容词。此处friendly友好的。根据后文“and like-m

18、inded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故填friendly。5. 【2021年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试适应性测试（八省联考）】In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out _（difference）ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet.【答案】 different【解析】考查词形转换。我正在进行一次寻找不同方法来减少碳排放的旅程。此处形容词修饰名词ways，故填different。6. 【2021·浙江1月高考】But 30 years

19、 later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed_(sharp). 【答案】sharply【解析】考查副词。但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。此处sharp修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式。故填sharply。【方法指南】形容词和副词的相互转化是高考语法填空中考查最频繁的考点，考生要认真总结新课标中有词形转换的词，将它们背熟。【变式】1. 【2021年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试适应性测试（八省联考）】While many of

20、your trusted relatives and peers(同龄人) may have very_(value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone.【答案】valuable【解析】考查形容词。虽然许多你信任的亲戚和同龄人可能有非常有价值的建议，它可以帮助你做决定，但是最终的选择要你自己做出，也只能靠你自己做出。修饰后文名词advice，作定语，应用形容词valuable。故填valuable。2. 【2021年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

21、适应性测试（八省联考）】Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and_(satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind.【答案】 satisfied【解析】考查形容词。只有你才能充分意识到大学的哪些方面会让你真正感到快乐和满足，所以要把这一点放在心上。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，此处修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词satisfied，作宾补。故填satisfied。【关键能力】形容词和副词与语法填空在语法填空中，形容词和副

22、词相关的词类变换以及形容词和副词的比较等级考查较为频繁。典题试做用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1 The title will be _(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.2 Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _ (regular)3 Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _ (gradual) turned into chop

23、sticks.4 Chinese scientists _ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.5She was a very _ (care) mother.6 That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he's _(rely)7 I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to

24、attend _(many) in the coming years.答案：1.officially2.regularly3.gradually4recently5.caring/careful6.reliable7.more应对策略1作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾语补足语(表性质状态)时，通常用形容词形式。注意常考动词分词的形容词化，其形容词的形式有：ing结尾的和ed结尾的两种。2若括号中所给的是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级；注意than或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一些特殊句式，如：the比较级，the比较级，“否定词(can

25、9;t/couldn't)比较级”表示最高级等。书面表达中形容词和副词易错点聚焦1搭配错误，如：2汉语干扰，词性混乱(1)形容词误作动词(误)He eager to know everything about China.(正)He is_eager to know everything about China.(2)形容词与名词混淆(误)The sport teaches us the important of obedience.(正)The sport teaches us the importance of obedience.(3)形容词与副词混淆(误)Unfortunate，many people are ignorant of it.(正)Unfortunately，many people are ignorant of it.3比较级的错误表达，如：(误)The sea level is rising more_and_more_high.(误)The sea level is rising more_and_more_higher.(正)The sea level is rising higher_and_higher.