解密11 并列句和状语从句（教师版）——2021年高考英语高频考点解密 -.doc

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1、解密11并列句和状语从句考点详解【考点解读】重点把握引导并列句和时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词的灵活运用。掌握状语从句的时态、语态、语气和省略【命题规律】考查考生对不同类型从句的辨别能力，与其他从句、句型结合起来一起考查近年高考的发展趋向：从属连词在具体语境中的运用，及从属连词词义的延伸。设问角度越来越多样化。【备考策略】考生要具备全面的状语从句的知识，熟悉每个连接词的语义和运用特征，注意把握并列连词的用法，研读近几年高考题中的状语从句，提高运用状语从句的能力。考向1 并列句一、并列连词1.表示并列关系的连词：and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子，表示一种顺接

2、的关系。 He helps me and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。bothand：两个都，连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。 Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow. neithernor: 既不也不，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分 作主语时，谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。 Neither he nor I am right. not onlybut also: 不仅而且，强调后者；引导并列主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持 一致。 Not only the stude

3、nts but also the teacher gives the money to our school.2. 表示选择关系的连词：or：用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示和，与；用于祈使句+or+陈述句中，意为否则，要不 然。 The baby is too young. He cant speak or walk.eitheror：要么要么，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。 Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。3. 表示转折关系的并列连词but但是

4、，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。Our school is small but beautiful.while然而，可是，表对比。He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.yet但是，然而，用于转折。I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。4. 表示因果关系的并列连词由于，因为，表示原因，不能放在句首，也不能单独使用；for引导的从句不能位于not，but或任何连词之后。The days were short, for it was now December. for：因此，所以，表示

5、结果，so不能和because连用。There were no buses, so I came by bicycle.so：4. 其他常用并列连词 when可作并列连词，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cr

6、ies for help. 一个礼拜五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。注意：(1)and, not only.but (also)., neither. nor.等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申。One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry. 有一天我迟到了，我的老师生气了。Think it over, and you&

7、#39;ll find a way out. 仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it. 不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣，他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。(2)or, either.or.连接并列句表示选择意义。The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择) 孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。The workers were cheerful, or at

8、 least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法) 工人们非常高兴，或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件) 小心点，否则你会折断脖子的。(3) but/while/however的区别：but表示意义的转折；while既表示转折又表示对比；however为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times w

9、hen some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人，但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails. 为什么一个人会做出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明但是失败了，这不得而知。二、常考并列句句型“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型：(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=if , +主句。Find ways to praise

10、 your children often, and youll find they will open their hearts to you. =If you find ways to praise your children often, youll find they will open their hearts to you.(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句=if.not , +主句。Hurry up or we will be late. =If you dont hurry up, we will be late 1.（2020.山东新高考.语法填空）37. They

11、 kept their collection at home until it got too big 37. until they died, and then it was given to a museum.【答案】or【解析】考查并列连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。2.（2020.新课标.短文改错）First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. 【答案】but改为and【解析】考查连词。

12、句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。3.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_

13、because I want to.”【答案】but【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是而是 ”之意，故填but。4.（2018·新课标卷I·短文改错）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.【参考答案】but改为and【答案解析】考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成a

14、nd。5.（2017·新课标卷I·短文改错） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes（改为went） blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.【参考答案】so改为but/yet【答案解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。6. （

15、2017·新课标卷III·短文改错）I had（改为have） grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.【参考答案】and改为but【答案解析】考查连词。固定短语not onlybut also意为不但而且。7. (2017·北京卷·单项填空)Peter, please send us postcards _ we'll know where you have visited.No problem.A. but B. or C. for D. so【参考

16、答案】D【答案解析】考查连词。句意：彼得， 请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。没问题。so (that) 意为为了，以便，由句意可知答案选 D。8.(2016·北京卷·单项填空) I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and I love today.A. so B. andC. for D. but【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查并列连词。句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so后跟结果；and表并列关系；for补充说明原因；but表转折。故选C。考向2 状语从句状语从句通常

17、由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。状语的位 置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 一、 时间状语从句 时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况： （一）when, while, as, whenever when, while, as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。 1when when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂

18、性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。 When I got home, my family were already having dinner. 我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。（when表示点时间） When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. 当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间）有时when表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since。 He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。 How can you hope for

19、 mercy yourself when you show none？ 既然你不宽恕别人，你自己又怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？ 2while while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。 She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.她在看报的时候睡着了。 while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。 I am fond of English while he likes maths. 我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。 We slept while the

20、captain kept watch. 我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。 while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。 While they love te children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。 3as as表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。 The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket. 小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。 as表示 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行

21、。 They talked as they walked. 他们边走边聊。 as表示随着 As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。 As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom. 随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。 1.（2020.天津卷.单项填空） _ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him.A. IfB. SinceC. AlthoughD

22、. Until【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。句意：虽然他能给她同情，但是他几乎无法提供任何实际的帮助。前后文是转折关系，故用although引导的让步状语从句，if引导条件状语从句；since引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句；until引导时间状语从句。故选C。2.（2020.天津卷.单项填空）. Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much._ it is not your style, that doesnt mean it is bad.A. Only ifB. Even thoughC. Nov thatD. In case【答案】B【

23、解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意:-人们为什么喜欢流行音乐?我非常讨厌它。-即使这不是你的风格，也不意味着它不好。A. Only if只有在的时候；B. Even though即使，尽管；C. Now that既然；D. In case以防，万一。前半句说:它不是你的风格；后半句说:这并不意味着流行音乐不好。很明显，前后两句之间是转折关系，空处引导让步状语从句。故选B。3.（2020.新课标.语法填空） 65. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artis

24、t, they smiled and 66.pointed (point) down the river. 【答案】When/As【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。3.（2016·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into sm

25、all pieces so it would cook more quickly.【参考答案】as/when【答案解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为当的时候，后跟长动作或短动作，故填aswhen。4. Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that【参考答案】B 【答案解析】考查状语从句。由句意当你们兴趣相投时，交朋友就容易多了可知，这里应该用wh

26、en引导时间状语从句。4when, while, as的用法区别 只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。 I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast. 我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。 在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用： aas更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。 We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar. 我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。 I thought of it just as

27、 you opened your mouth. 你一张嘴我就知道你要说什么。 As he grew older, he became less and less active. 随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了。 提示：状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。 bwhen更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。 When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone. 当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。（从句动作

28、发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态） When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes. 当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。（从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态） cwhile从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。 She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。 d若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as场合多于

29、when。 As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause. 他结束讲话时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 5whenever whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。 You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎。 Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。 （二）before, after1before befor

30、e表示在一段时间之前。 I must finish all the work before go home.回家之前我必须干完所有的活。 You must first learn to walk before you try to run.在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。 必背： before 常用句型 It is /was/will be before It will be five years before we meet again.五年以后我们才能再见。 It will be not long before you regret what you have done.不用过多久你就会对你所

31、作所为感到后悔的。 It was not long before I realized I was wrong. 不久我就意识到我错了。 It was minutes before the police arrived.过了几分钟警察才到。1. We need to get to the root of the problem _ we can solve it.A. whileB. afterC. beforeD. as【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当的时候，而；B. after在之后；C. before

32、 在之前；D. as正如。根据句意可知选C。2. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.  A. will not be；will know B. is；will know C. will not be；know D. is；know  【参考答案】C【答案解析】句意：不会过很长一段时

33、间我们就会知道实验结果。应使用It was not long before的创新句型It will not be long before，before引导时间状语从句时，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。  2. after after表在一段时间之后。 Let's play football after school is over. 放学后我们踢足球吧。 The sun came out soon after the storm stopped. 暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。 （三）

34、till, until 1Until，till用于肯定句时，表示直到为止，主句必须为持续性动词。 We shall wait until /till he comes back.我们将一直等到他回来。 (注意它们的拼写) Everything went well until /till that accident happened. 直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。 2 Not until 表示直到才，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till可用before代替。 I didn't leave until before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。 Bel

35、ls don't ring till until you strike them.铃不打不响。 People do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it.人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。 3当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。 Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了，我才离开的。 注意： until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。 4在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用ti

36、ll。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。 （四）since, ever since 1since自以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现 在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。 It has been just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 Where have you been since I last saw you自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里

37、？ Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。 提示： 有时since 从句中也可以用延续性动词，注意它的译法。 Tom is now working on the farm. Its two years since he was a college student. 汤姆现在农场上班，他大学毕业已有两年了。 （2017·天津卷·完形填空）She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 t

38、hey first saw the homeless man.A. sinceB. unlessC. although D. as【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查连词。A. since自从；B. unless除非；C. although尽管；D. as因为。句意：自从他们第一次看到无家可归的人，Hannah就一直在跟她的妈妈说流浪者的生活，根据句意可知选A。2ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。 Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily. 自一

39、九五零年结婚以来，他们一直生得很幸福。 （五）as soon as as soon as.可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。 He will come and see you as soon as he can.他一有空就来看你。 He rushed home as soon as he got the good news. 他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。 必背： 一就还可以用on upon doing 结构来表示。 On arriving home he called up Lester. = As soon as he arrived home, he called up Le

40、ster.他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。 （六）immediately instantly directly 相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。 They phoned her immediately they reached home.他一到家马上就给她打了电话。 I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。 We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。 （七）the moment, the minute, the instant,

41、 the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一就He said he'd turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机。 Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.告诉他，他一到我就要见他。（八）hardlywhen, no soonerthan 这两个短语都表示刚就，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时。 He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.他刚出发就想起家来。 He had hardly

42、started his speech when someone rose to refute his points. 他刚开始发言，就有人站起来反驳他的论点。 注意： 当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。 Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒。 No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.地上的霜一消散，人们就开始工作了。 （九）once o

43、nce作连词时，也相当于as soon as，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。 Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。 Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。 （十）next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等 Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你进城一定来看我们。 He left me a good impress

44、ion the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。 Every time I see him he looks miserable.我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。 The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。 （十一）by the time by the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。 By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced math

45、ematics all by himself. 爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 (从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时) I shall have finished my work by the time you return. 在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。(从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时) 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever（where的强势语）和everywhere引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。 （一）where where 在地方，去地方 Wuhan lies here the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 I found my books where I had left them.我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。 You'd better make a mark where you