解密05形容词和副词-2021年高考英语高频考点解密（二轮复习）(解析版）.doc

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1、解密05 形容词和副词序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】形容词和副词是高考英语必考的一个基础语法知识，而且这个知识点从初中开始，贯穿了整个中学6年的学习，属于简单的知识点。在考题中，除了完形填空考查形容词、副词的词义外，还考查语法填空和短文改错这两道题型。其主要考查：形容词和副词的比较等级；形容词和副词之间的转换；名词转换为形容词等。【备考建议】形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。1. 形容词可

2、作定语、表语、补语。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形 容词。2. 副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。因此当设空处作状语时，首 先考虑要填副词。3. 做语篇型语法填空时，考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。短文改错中，本该用形容词时却用了副词或其他词性，或本该用副词却用了形容词，要根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外平时复习时还要注意一些常见的形容词、副词辨析。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-形容词、副词的比较等级一、平级比较1. as形容词(a/an)名词as表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自

3、所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2. as形容词/副词的原级as与not as/so形容词/副词的原级as表示同级比较，即两个或两 部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。二、比较级1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, f

4、ar, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。He is much taller than Yao Ming. 他比姚明高多了。The book is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。2. 比较级的常见结构：（1）比较级+than结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。（2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 more 比多，后接复数名词或不可数名词 less 比少，后接不可数名词 fewer比少，后接复数名词 3. 比较级的特殊结构 （1）The more,the more表示越，就越(m

5、ore代表比较级)2.比较级+比较级和more and more+多音节词原级表示越来越 3.the比较级of the two 名词表示两者中较的那个。4. no +比较级+than结构表示和一样不 not +比较级+than结构意为不及，表示前者不如后者三、最高级1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。2. 最高级意义的表达法the +最高级+比较范围nevera(n)+比较级+可数名词单数比较级thanany other单数名词 比较级thanall the

6、other复数名词 比较级thananyone else 比较级thanany of the other复数名词 比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词否定词比较级最高级。【真题对点析】11. 【2020·全国新课标III】One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 【答案】finest

7、考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。2. 【2020·全国新课标III】As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.【答案】gently考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的

8、倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。3.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are.【答案】higher【解析】考查形容词比较级。根

9、据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。4（2017·江苏卷·任务型阅读）The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)_ than it was in the 20th.【答案】lower【解析】根据declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。5.（2017·

10、新课标I卷·语法填空）As 65（a） result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.【答案】worse【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。【对点模拟练】11 How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016? I thoroug

11、hly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected.A. even much interestingB. far more interestingC. so far interestingD. far from interesting【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。根据后面的“than I expected”可知，此处运用比较级more interesting，而far可以修饰比较级。故选B。2. My brother is much _ at tennis than me. He has won every match between us.A. worseB.

12、worstC. betterD. best【答案】C【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：我哥哥比我更擅长网球。他赢了我们之间的所有比赛。根据than可知此处应用比较级，排除BD两项；结合句意可知应用good的比较级better，故选C。3. The weather isnt good enough for an outing, is it? Too much dust. We cant have at this time of the year.A. a worst dayB. a worse dayC. a nicer dayD. a best day【答案】B【解析】句意:"天气不

13、适合远足,是吗?""是的,灰尘太多。这是我们一年中这个时候经历的最糟糕的一天。"否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义。4. She really impressed me a lot for I had never heard voice than hers.A. the more beautifulB. a most beautifulC. a much beautifulD. a more beautiful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:她的确让我印象深刻,因为我从来没有听过比她的声音更优美的声音。"否定词+比较级"相当于最高级的含

14、义。【考点精准说】2-倍数表达法表示倍数的句型：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size，length，height 等)ofB(4)A is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what 引导的名词性从句【真题对点析】21. （2019年全国1语法填空）Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案

15、】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。2. (2019课标卷II短文改错)One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. 【答案】去掉more【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中better为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more不能与better连用。故将more去掉。【对点模拟练】21. When you st

16、udy the local map，youll find this town is_.A. twice the size of that oneB. twice as a large town as thatC. twice as larger as that oneD. twice as larger a town as that【答案】A【解析】句意：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A is 倍数the名词(如size/length)of B；B项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。2.Peters jacket looked just

17、 the same as Jacks，but it cost_his.A.as much twice as B. twice as much asC. much as twice as D.as twice much as【答案】B【解析】倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。3.My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice_expensive.A.as B. soC. too D. very【答案

18、】A【解析】 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是twice，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了as.as.这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。4. 2. My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice _ expensive.A.as B. soC. too D. very【答案】A【解析】 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是twice，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了as.as.这一比较结

19、构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。【考点精准说】3-ing形容词和-ed形容词1. 以ing结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰物，译为令人的，常作定语；主要用于说明事物， 表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。 2. 以-ed结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰人，译为（人）的，常作表语；通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。 encourage 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的 interesting 有趣的 interes

20、ted 感兴趣的 astonishing令人惊呆的 astonished 惊呆的 surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised感到好奇的 moving 令人感动的 moved 感动的 frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的terrifying令人恐惧 terrified感到恐惧的 puzzling 令人困惑不解的 puzzled感到困惑的satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的 tiring 令人厌倦的 tired感到厌烦的 amazing令人惊讶的 amazed感到惊讶的 boring 令人讨厌的 bored感到厌烦的 exciting令人兴

21、奋的 excited感到激动的 touching 触动人心的 touched感动的embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed尴尬的 【真题对点析】31（2018·新课标I卷·完形填空）And, even if I werent 43 enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me. A. excitedB. worriedC. movedD. tired【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信

22、息就足以吸引我。excited激动的，兴奋的；worried担心的；moved感动的；tired劳累的。故选A。2. Instead, learn to be (satisfy) with what you have and you will be happy.【答案】satisfied【解析】考查形容词。句意：相反的是，学会满足于你所拥有的，你就会快乐。【对点模拟练】31.Seeing a stranger with a knife in his hand, the little girl stood under the tree, _ out of her mind.A.frightene

23、dB.be frightenedC.to be frightenedD. frightening【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句子结构得知空及后面的部分是形容词短语作状语，表状态。再根据句意“当这个小女孩看到一个陌生人手里拿着刀的时候，她站在树底下，吓得（frightened受惊的，害怕的）魂不守舍。”可知A项符合语境之意。而D项frightening意为“令人恐惧的”； B项结构不对；C项不定式可作结果状语，但表没预料到的结果，此处表结果也是必然的结果（应该用分词，也就是A（过去分词）和D（现在分词）项的形式，但这两个词现在通常把它们看作形容词，常根据形容词的意思去区别。）故选A。2

24、.They can also make their own special sounds to keep the story _ (interest) and attractive. 【答案】interesting【解析】语境表示“使故事听起来有趣和有吸引力”，故此处要用形容词interesting“有趣的”。3.What followed was a _ (touch) scene.【答案】touching【解析】语境表示“随后发生的是感人的一幕”，这里要用-ing形容词touching“感人的，动人的”。【考点精准说】4-词类转换一、形容词变副词形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,

25、请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，元(e)去e加，辅(y)改i加，le结尾e改y。分别举例如下：quickquickly; truetruly; happyhappily; possiblepossibly二、形容词后缀1. able 以able结尾的形容词一般有两种情况： （1）v.ableadj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为能的、可以（被）的、适 合于 的、值得的等，即有被动含义。reliable（可以依靠的）drinkable（可以饮用的 ）eatable（可食用的） （2）n.ableadj. 这种形容词意为具有特点的。valuable（有价值的）reasonable（ 有道理的）com

26、fortable（舒适的）。 2. al 该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。 不过，有些al后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性 ， 并非以这种方式构成形容词。al意为属于的有特性的。如：actual，medical等。3. ful 这一后缀有两种情况： (1)加在名词之后构成形容词，表示充满的有性质的，如beautiful,colourful, helpful,powerful,successful,useful,wonderful。 (2)加在动词之后，所构成的形容词意为易于的，如forgetful。 4. ical ical同ic一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词，意为的、似的 、与 有关的，如

27、physical,political,practical,technical等。 【真题对点析】4 1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people _ options to exercise.A. casualB. regularC. flexibleD. tight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual偶然的，随便的；B. regular定期的，有规律的；C. flexible灵活的；D. tig

28、ht紧的，密封的。故选C。2.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has b

29、een studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。3.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Her years of hard work have _63_(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。（2018·新课标I

30、卷·语法填空）A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.【答案】actually 【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。4.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _ to invest

31、 in sufficient training for his staff.A. keen B. reluctantC. anxious D. ready【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A. keen敏锐的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. anxious渴望的；D. ready准备好的。故选B。5.(2016·全国新课标卷) The title will be _ （offical）given to me at a ceremony in London. 【答案】officially【解析】修饰动词

32、given应用副词。【对点模拟练】41With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with_ service for passengersAgoodBbetterCbestDthe best【答案】B【解析】形容词或副词的比较级表示两者间的比较。根据所提供的情景“With April 18s railway speedup”可判断出公路和航空将以对旅客更好的服务来进行竞争。形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,意为“最”。2Andy is content with the toy.

33、 It is _ he has ever got.Aa betterBthe betterCa bestDthe best【答案】D【解析】考查形容词最高级和比较级。句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意，这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根据上一句话可知，Andy对这个玩具很满意，根据定冠词the和范围he has ever got可知用最高级，故选择D。【点睛】本句考查了形容词最高级和比较级之间的区别。比较级是和其他事物进行比较，但是本题中只出现了一个玩具，见上文出现的the toy，故比较级不合适，即选项A、B是错误的。而根据修饰最高级用定冠词the和范围he has ever got可推断出选择D。3I

34、think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are _ meaningful things to do.AlessBmoreCthe leastDthe most【答案】B【解析】句意：“我认为看电视就是浪费时间，有很多更有意义的事要做。”A和形容词放在一起表示“较不的”；B表示“较的”；C表示“最不的”；D表示“最的”。根据句子意思，填B，和看电视比较。【考点定位】考查语境及词义。语境决定选项。4Youd be exposed to a lot _ pollution if you moved to a town with

35、pure water and air.AmoreBmostClessDleast【答案】C【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：你会接触到更少的污染如果你搬到一个具有纯净水和纯净的空气的城镇去。a lot常修饰比较级，根据语境，这里表示“更少”。故选C。5Next to biology, I like physics _.AbetterBbestCthe betterDvery well【答案】B【解析】考查副词最高级用法。句意：除了生物外，我最喜欢物理。除了生物外还有很多学科，所以应用最高级。故选B项。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空3. 【2020·全国新课标III】On

36、e day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best 2.【2020·全国新课标III】As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected

37、 in the water.3.【2020·全国新课标I】 Landing on the moons far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.4.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than t

38、hey actually are.5.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.6.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Her years of hard wor

39、k have _63_(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.7.（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）A taste for meat is _63_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.【答案】1.【答案】finest考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画

40、一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。2【答案】gently考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。3. 62extremely 考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。4.【答案】higher【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than t

41、hey actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。5.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。6.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。7.【答案】actually 【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。二单项选择

42、1（2020·天津高考真题）According to Professor Johnson, we dont have to read the book if we dont want to, as it is _.AworthwhileBnecessaryCoptionalDserious2（2020·江苏省高考真题）The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _ change in our life and work.AabsurdBabruptCallergicDauthentic3（2020·天津高考真题）With the w

43、idespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have _developed over the years.AsteadilyBdifferentlyCindependentlyDformally4.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people _ options to exercise.A. casualB. regularC. flexibleD. tight5.（2018·江苏卷·

44、;单项填空）Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.A. keen B. reluctantC. anxious D. ready6.（2018·新课标I卷·完形填空）And, even if I werent 43 enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me. A. excitedB. worriedC. movedD. tired7（2019·天津高考真题）A dogs eating habit requires regular training before it is _ established.AproperlyBwidelyCoriginallyDtemporarily8（2017·江苏高考真题）The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _ explanations are hard to find.A