解密08情态动词和虚拟语气-解密01冠词-2021年高考英语高频考点解密（二轮复习）(解析版）.doc

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1、解密08情态动词和虚拟语气序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词

2、+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。【备考建议】1. 考生应掌握can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to, need, dare, be able to, used to等情态动词的基本用法。2. 考生应掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-情态动词的基本用法can，could与be able to的用法1表示现在的能力：can，am/is/are able to。2表示将来的能力：will be able to。3表示过去的能力：could表示过去的

3、能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。4can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。5can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。may与might的用法1表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn't，表示“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意。2may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。3“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。must的用法1must用于否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。2must表示必要性，意为“

4、必须”。3must表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。need与dare的用法1need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。2dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。 注意在肯定句中need和dare通常为实义动词，否定和疑问需借助助动词do及其变形。will与would的用法1表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。3will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。4would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。shall，should与ough

5、t to的用法1shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。 4“Why/How should结构”表示说话人对某事不能理解，有感到意外、惊讶等意思，意为“竟会”。5ought to表示“应该”。6shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的“应该”。【真题对点析】11.【2020·全国新课标I改错】I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to

6、 be easy to cook.【答案】to去掉【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。2. （2018·北京）12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.【答案】can【解析】考查情态动词。在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。3.（2017·北京）21. Sam

7、uel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.【答案】can 【解析】考查情态动词。Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can。4.（2018全国II卷）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. 【答案】去掉not后的to【解析】

8、考查情态动词。would是情态动词，表意愿，后需跟动词原形，故to多余。 They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【对点模拟练】11.Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【参考答案】C【答案解析】句意：你不能再多待会儿吗?很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许； ca

9、n能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。2. You _be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D. will【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，可推断此处是说，你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A 。may可能；can能够，有时会；will会，愿意。3. You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll

10、 be grateful you did it.A. should B. need C. shall D. may【参考答案】D【答案解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。【考点精准说】2-情态动词表推测的用法1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。2may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有

11、可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。3must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。5. “情态动词have done”的用法情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否定形式为can't/couldn't have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做但却未做2可能做过某事can't/couldn't

12、 have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn't have done做了本没有必要做的事情【真题对点析】21.【2018·北京】12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢

13、失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。2.【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Sam

14、uel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。3.【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B【解析】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldnt不愿意；couldnt不能；shouldnt不应该；neednt不必。故选B。考点：考查情态动词。4.【2016·浙江】17. G

15、eorge _ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone【答案】C【解析】乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；neednt have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。5.【2015·重庆】12. You _ be Carol. You ha

16、vent changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will D. shall【答案】A 【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。【对点模拟练】21.Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You _ have made full preparations.A. mustB. canC. wouldD. should【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：对不起，

17、妈妈，我面试又失败了。噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。can have done表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成可能做过吗？；could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成一定做过某事，该结构只用于肯定句；should have done的意思是本来应该做某事，而实际没做。故选D。2There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you hav

18、e practiced a lot in the driving school.AmustntBshantCshouldntDneednt【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词：A. mustnt禁止B. shant 不可以，C. shouldnt（按道理讲）应该，D. neednt不必，句意：既然你在驾校练习了这么多，通过驾驶测试应该没问题。选C。【名师点评】情态动词要记住基本含义，和肯定，否定的区别，象must肯定是“必须”，而mustnt 是禁止的意思，而should（nt）则表示按道理（不）应该。做题时关键看上下文。考点：考查情态动词3Harry is feeling uncomfo

19、rtable. He _ too much at the party last night.Acould drinkBshould drinkCwould have drunkDmust have drunk【答案】D【解析】根据 last night 可知该处是对过去的推测，故排除A、B项；must have done 表示对过去有把握的推测，可能性较大，一般有一定根据。would have done 表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果。结合语境，该句是对过去有把握的推测，而非与过去事实相反的假设或结果。故正确答案为D。考点：考查情态动词的用法。4George _ too far. His co

20、ffee is still warm.Amust have goneBmight have goneCcant have goneDneednt have gone【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done一定不可能做了某事；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；neednt have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。51 have one regret about the time I spent in high school: I _ more ad

21、vanced classes that are really helpful in college.Acouldn't have takenBshould have takenCneedn't have takenDmust have taken【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：我对我的高中时光有一个遗憾：我本应该上一些在大学里很有用的高级课程。A. couldn't have done不可能做过；B. should have done本应该做而没有做；C. needn't have done本不必做却做了；D. must have

22、done一定做过。根据“1 have one regret”可知此处表示“本应该做而没有做，所以才有遗憾”，故B项正确。6More and more countries have come to realize that the world_ do without Huawei and its "more advanced" technology.AcantBneedntCmustntDshouldn't【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：越来越多的国家意识到世界上离不开华为和它更先进的科技。A. cant不能；B. neednt不需要；C. mustnt一定不能

23、；D. shouldn't不应该。cant do without意为“离不开”，为固定搭配。故选A。【考点精准说】3-虚拟语气if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。省略if的倒装句在虚拟条件

24、状语从句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。(should)do.结构的虚拟1用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略2用于主语

25、从句中在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。3用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 其他句型中的虚拟语气1would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；

26、但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。2在“It is (about/high)timethat从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气。3as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。4if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。【真题对点析】31.（2018·天津）15. If we _（catch）the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the be

27、ach【答案】had caught 【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故填had caught。2. （2018·天津）10. I can't find my purse. I_ （could leave）it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.【答案】could have left 【解析】考查情态动词。我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落在超市了，但我不确定。根据句中的

28、时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事实的推测，故用情态动词+have+done，再根据后句but I'm not sure可知，由此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，故填could have left。3.（2018·北京）13. They might have found a better hotel if they _（drive） a few more kilometers.【答案】had driven【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel

29、”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故填had driven。【对点模拟练】31. Lucas failed his driving test again. _ harder, he _the test now.A. If he practiced; would passB. Had he practiced; would passC. Did he follow; would have passedD. Should he practice; would have passed【答案】

30、B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Lucas驾照考试又失败了，如果他更加努力地练习，现在他就通过考试了。根据语境可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，省略if，had提前使用倒装句。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用would+原形动词。故选B。 2. If we_ a table in advance, we wouldn't be standing here in the long queue.A. reserveB. reservedC. have reservedD. had reserved【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们事先预定了一张桌子，我们就不会站

31、在这长长的队伍里了。根据句意可知，从句是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，所以从句中应使用过去完成时；主句与现在事实相反，使用would/ could/ might/ should do结果。故选D。3. Instead of making choices for their children, liberal parents usually say, “Go where you _ .”A. willB. shouldC. canD.must【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：开明的父母通常会说：“去你想去的地方吧”，而不是替他们的孩子做选择。A. will愿意，意志；B. should应该；

32、C. can能够；D. must必须。故选A。4. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. be; was operated onD. was; be operated on【答案】D【解析】考查insist的用法。句意为：医院里所有的医生都坚持认为他伤情很严重并坚决主张他必须马上做手术。Insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”之意时，后面的从句使用

33、陈述语气，表示“坚决主张、坚决要求” 之意时，后面的从句使用（should）do的虚拟语气。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空1.【2020·全国新课标I改错】I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.2. （2018·北京）12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.3.（2018·天津）15. If

34、we _（catch）the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach4. （2018·天津）10. I can't find my purse. I_ （could leave）it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.5.（2018·北京）13. They might have found a better hotel if they _（drive） a few more kilometers.6.（2017&

35、#183;北京）21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.【答案】1.【答案】to去掉【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。2.【答案】can【解析】考查情态动词。在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。3.【答案】had caught 【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我

36、们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故填had caught。4. 【答案】could have left 【解析】考查情态动词。我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落在超市了，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事实的推测，故用情态动词+have+done，再根据后句but I'm not sure可知，由此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，故填could have left。5.【答案】had driven【解析】考查虚拟语气。如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到

37、一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故填had driven。6.【答案】can 【解析】考查情态动词。Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can。二单项选择1（2020·江苏省高考真题）If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I _where I am.Awont beBwouldnt

38、 have beenCwouldnt beDshouldnt have been2（2020·天津高考真题）Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .AmustBcanCneedDShould3（2020·天津高考真题）You _ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.AmustBshouldCmustntDshouldn't4（2019·天津高考

39、真题）Marys description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.Awould beBmight have beenCwould have beenDhad been5.（2019·天津高考真题）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.AaccomplishedBhad accomplishedCwould accomplishDwould have accomplished6（20

40、18·天津高考真题）(2018·天津) I can't find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.Ashould leaveBmust have leftCmight leaveDcould have left7（2018·天津高考真题）Whats wrong with the door?The key has got stuck in it and _ come out.AshouldntBmustntCneedntDwont8（2018·北京

41、高考真题）(2018·北京) In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.AneedBshouldCcanDmust9（2016·北京高考真题）(2016·北京)I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.AneedntBmustntCwouldntDshouldnt10（2019·天津高考真题）The professor warned t

42、he students that on no account _ use mobile phones in his class.Ashould theyBthey shouldCdare theyDthey dare11（2019·天津高考真题）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.Aneed have practisedBmight practiseCmust have practisedDcould practise12（2016·天津高考真题）(2016·天津)

43、 It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.AwouldntBcouldntCshouldntDneednt13（2019·江苏高考真题）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _ a good time together.AhadBwill haveCwould have hadDhad had14（2015·江苏高考真题） It might have saved me some trouble _ the s

44、chedule.Adid I knowBhave I knownCdo I knowDhad I known15（2018·江苏高考真题）（2018·江苏）Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.AwouldBshouldCcouldDmight16（2017·江苏高考真题）（2017江苏） _ not for the support of the t

45、eachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.AIt wereBWere itCIt wasDWas it17（2018·江苏高考真题）（2018·江苏）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.AhadBwill haveCwould have hadDhave had18（2016·浙江高考真题）(2016 ·浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.Ahad not fallenBwould not fallCdid not fallDwould not have fallen19（2018·天津高考真题）Jane wishes that she _ foreign trade instead of literature when she wa