精品解析：2018年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（天津卷）（解析版）.doc

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1、绝密启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第I卷1至10页，第II卷11至12页。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：

2、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Stand over there_ youll be able to see it better.A. or B. and C. but D. while答案是B。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1635各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。1.【2018·天津】Wasn't Joan supposed to be here by now?_. She will be here in about tw

3、enty minutes.A. All rightB. Don't worryC. No wonderD. Enjoy yourself【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：琼现在不是应该在这儿吗？不用担心，在大约20分钟内她将会到这儿的。A. all right好，行；B. Dont worry别担心；C. No wonder难怪；D. Enjoy yourself玩得开心。根据答句中的She will be there in about twenty minutes.可以判断：不需要担心琼，她一会儿就到。故选B。点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项含义，然后

4、抓住答句，就不难选出正确答案。2.【2018·天津】Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.

5、找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。3.(2018·天津) At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave inB. dressed upC. broke inD. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave

6、 in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。4.【2018·天津】Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend _they get sweet eno

7、ugh to be eaten.A. ever sinceB. as ifC. even thoughD. so that【答案】D【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。点睛：本题考查连词短语词义辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意可以判断，这里考查so that引导的目的状语从句。5.【2018·天津】I'm moving

8、 in a few days and I wonder if you could help._. Just let me know when, and I'll be there.A. You betB. It dependsC. Forget itD. No kidding【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：我在几天内会搬家，我想知道你是否能帮忙。没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。A. You bet没问题；B. It depends看情况而定；C. Forget it算了吧；D. No kidding别开玩笑。根据答句中的Just let me know when,

9、and Ill be there.可以判断：他/她一定会帮忙。故选A。点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句Just let me know when, and Ill be there.，就不难选出正确答案。6.【2018·天津】The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. adviceB. orderC. possibilityD. i

10、nvitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。7.【2018&#

11、183;天津】I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. take【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意

12、选择正确的答案。8.【2018·天津】It took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquireC. teachD. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确

13、答案。9.(2018·天津）The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomeverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。点睛：分析句子可知，空格处做be awarded to的宾语，同时在后面的从句中做主语，再根据句意可知，这里主语指人，故用whoever。10.(2

14、018·天津) I can't find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but Im not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推

15、测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。【点睛】情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。11.【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at fir

16、stB. after allC. above allD. at random【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A. at first起初；B. after all毕竟，终究。C. above all首先；D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。12.【2018·天津】I didn't mean

17、_anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help_ it.A. to eat；to tryB. eating；tryingC. eating；to tryD. to eat； trying【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldnt help doing忍不住做。故选D。点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“m

18、ean doing意味着做”和“cant help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldnt help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。13.My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正

19、在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。14.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里

20、考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/isthat后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是w

21、ho。15.【2018·天津】If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，

22、但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1635各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own _16_I learned this lesson from a(n) _17_ many years ago. I took the head _18

23、_ job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the _19_ team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didnt even practice to _20_ the game. Being the coach of the new team,

24、 I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldnt _21_ I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to _22_ that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were _23_ me. I had to change my _24_ about their a

25、bility and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little _25_. Most important, I began to treat them like _26_. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their _27_, we met every day and _28_ passing and kicking the football.Six months after suffering our _29_ on the spring

26、practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to _30_. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a _31_ for us even if we lost the game. But that wasnt what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest _32_ of

27、my life！From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can _33_ the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and _34_ them. I helped them to see themselves _35_, and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made, but born.16. A. luckB. testsC. e

28、ffortsD. nature17 A. experimentB. experienceC. visitD. show18. A. operatingB. editingC. consultingD. coaching19. A. successfulB. excellentC. strongD. new20. A. cheer forB. prepare forC. help withD. finish with21. A. believeB. agreeC. describeD. regret22. A. realizeB. claimC. permitD. demand23. A. re

29、acting toB. looking forC. depending onD. caring about24. A. decisionB. attitudeC. conclusionD. intention25. A. prideB. cultureC. fortuneD. relationship26. A. leadersB. partnersC. winnersD. learners27. A. rewardsB. vacationsC. healthD. honor28. A. riskedB. missedC. consideredD. practiced29. A. defeat

30、B. declineC. accidentD. mistake30. A. relaxB. improveC. expandD. defend31. A. shameB. burdenC. victoryD. favor32. A. chancesB. thrillsC. concernsD. offers33. A. surpriseB. serveC. interestD. affect34. A. encouragedB. observedC. protectedD. impressed35. A. honestlyB. individuallyC. calmlyD. different

31、ly【答案】16. C 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的老队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。【16题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：人们靠自己的努力使自己成为赢家。A. luck幸运；

32、B. tests测试；C. efforts努力；D. nature自然。根据前一句No one is born a winner.(没有人天生就是赢家)以及常识可知，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。故选C。【17题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我从多年前的一次经历中学到了这个教训。A .experiment实验；B. experience经历；C. visit参观；D. show展示。根据下文可知，作者是从一次经历中得出这样的教训的。故选B。【18题详解】本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系和对应原文。句意：我在乔治亚州巴克斯利的一所学校担任主教练。A. operating操作；B. edit

33、ing编辑；C. consulting咨询；D. coaching指导。根据后文Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated.可知，作者在一所学校担任主教练工作。故选D。【19题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：学校的老队在春季训练结束时与新队比赛是一个传统。A. successful成功的；B. excellent杰出的；C. strong强壮的；D. new新的。根据前半句It w

34、as a tradition for the schools old team中的old team提示可知，春季训练结束时，学校新老队伍对抗是一个传统。故选D。【20题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：老队没有教练，他们甚至没有训练准备比赛。A. cheer for为欢呼；B. prepare for为准备；C. help with帮助某人做；D. finish with结束于；和断绝关系。老队没有教练，他们甚至不练习来准备比赛。故选B。【21题详解】本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：我真不敢相信我竟然陷入这样的境地。A. believe相信；B. agree同意；C. describe

35、描述；D. regret后悔。根据前句but to my disappointment we were defeated.可知，作者不能相信会遇到这样的情况。故选A。【22题详解】本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：仔细想想，我意识到我的队伍可能不是乔治亚州的头号队伍。A. realize意识到；B. claim宣称；C. permit允许；D. demand要求。短语come to realize意为“开始意识到”。作者开始意识到失败的原因是作者的队也许不是佐治亚州头号队伍。故选A。【23题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：但他们都在依靠我A. reacting to对起反应；B. lo

36、oking for寻找；C. depending on依靠；D. caring about关心。这里指队员们都依赖作者，因为作者是主教练。故选C。【24题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度。A. decision决定；B. attitude态度；C. conclusion结论；D. intention意图。因为失败，作者不得不改变对队员们能力和潜力的态度。故选B。【25题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我开始尽我所能帮助他们树立一点自尊心。A. pride自豪，自尊心；B. culture文化；C. fortune幸运；D. relations

37、hip关系。因为失败，队员们很沮丧，所以作者开始做任何能做的事情来帮助队员们建立一点自尊心。故选A。26题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：更重要的是，我开始像获胜者对待他们。A. leaders领导；B. partners伙伴；C. winners获胜者；D. learners学习者。根据后文Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and_19_them.以及文中最后一句提示可知，作者开始像获胜者对待他们。故选C。【27题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：那年夏天，当其他球队享受假期时。A. reward报酬；B. vacati

38、ons假期；C. health健康；D. honor荣誉。根据That summer可知，当其它队队员享受着他们假期的时候，他们在忙着训练。故选B。【28题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我们每天见面，练习传球和踢足球。A. risked冒险；B. missed错过；C. considered考虑；D. practiced练习。根据上文The old team had no coach, and they didnt even practice to _5_the game.提示可推知，这里指练习传球和踢球。故选D。【29题详解】本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系和对应原文。句意：在春季训练场

39、受挫六个月后。A. defeat打败；B. decline下降；C. accident事故；D. mistake错误。根据上文but to my disappointment we were defeated.提示可知，在春季训练赛场遭受失败之后。故选A。【30题详解】本题考查语境判断之感情色彩。句意：我们赢得了第一场和第二场比赛，并且继续进步。A. relax放松；B. improve提高，进步；C. expand扩大；D. defend防御。根据前句we won our first game and our second, and continued to可知，所填词是褒义词，因为是足球队

40、，所以水平是提高。故选B。【31题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我觉得即使我们输掉了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。A. shame羞愧；B. burden负担；C. victory胜利；D. favor赞成。根据后文even if we lost the game.可知，前后文是让步关系，所以前文与后文相反，所以此处表达“即使我们输掉比赛，我们感觉它会是一场胜利”。故选C。【32题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我的孩子们击败了佐治亚州最好的球队，给了我一生中最激动人心的时刻之一。A. chances机会；B. thrills激动；C. concerns关心；D. offe

41、rs提供。根据前句My boys beat the best team in Georgia可推知，是作者一生中最激动人心的一次！故选B。【33题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：从这次经历中，我学到了很多关于领导者的态度如何影响团队成员。A. surprise惊讶；B. serve服务；C. interest兴趣；D. affect影响。结合前文内容可知，通过这次经历，作者学到了很多关于领导者的态度是如何影响(affect)团队成员的。故选D。【34题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我没有把我的孩子看作失败者，而是鼓励他们。A. encouraged鼓励；B. observed

42、观察；C. protected保护；D. impressed给予某人深刻印象。根据I pushed可知，作者在推动和鼓励他们。故选A。【35题详解】本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。A. honestly诚实地；B. individually个别地；C. calmly镇静地；D. differently不同地。根据后句and they built themselves into winners.可知，作者以胜利者看待队员们，结果经过努力，他们果真变成了胜利者，故选D。【点睛】易错分析：Most important, I began to treat them l

43、ike _11_.11. A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners本题容易误选B项，认为作者把队员当伙伴，但根据后文Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and_19_them.以及文中最后一句提示可知，作者开始像获胜者对待他们。故选C。第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题； 每小题2. 5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a

44、 full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should l

45、ocate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors

46、, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extingui