考点07 动词和动词短语-备战2020年高考英语考点一遍过.doc

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1、考点07 动词和动词短语高考频度： 英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语，实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。考向一常用动词辨析 1.advise，persuade，suggestadvise用作及物动词，表示劝告，忠告，建议，强调提醒或引起注意；persuade表示说服，强调劝说成功，主要搭配是：persua

2、de sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事（相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.）；如表示劝说但不一定成功，则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。suggest用作及物动词，意为建议，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句，从句中的谓语用should动词原形，should可以省略。 2bring，take，carry，fetch bring带来，拿来，取来，强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。take拿走，带走，强调把人或物从说话者身边带走，方向与bring相反。 fetch去拿来，去取来，强调从甲地出发到

3、乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相当于go and bring。 carry携带，搬运，运送，强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。 3win，beat，defeat win表示赢得，战胜时，宾语多是比赛项目等。win sb.则指赢得人心。 beat/defeat意为打败，击败，其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如：beat sb.打败某人；defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。 beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手；defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。 4believe，believe in believe表示相信，认为

4、，侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。 believe in表示相信，信任，信仰，信奉，其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。 You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你应该相信自己，并且相信某天你将会成功的。 5book，order 二者都有订购，预订之意，但book指订各种票，座位；而order指餐馆订饭、菜，定做衣服，订货等，常用结构：place an order for sth. with sb.向某人订购某物。对比：book a

5、 ticket/two seats/a double room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间；order four dishes/ lunch要四个菜/订好午饭。 He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他订了一张四人桌，并且要了六个菜。6choose，select，elect choose表示选择，挑选，有时也表示推选，选举，但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择，没有elect正式。 select表示（精心地）挑选，选定，具有精选之意。 elect表示选举，指较大范围的正式的选举。 7disturb，interrupt disturb是

6、及物动词，有打扰，扰乱，使人心神不安之意。常用短语：disturb the sleeping child/ones plan/the public peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响；be disturbed about对感到不安。 interrupt有打断，打扰之意，侧重打断。常用短语：interrupt the supplies中断供应interrupt ones speech打断演讲 8hurt，injure，wound，harm hurt是一般用语，指精神或肉体上受到的伤害，有较强烈的疼痛意味； injure比hu

7、rt更正式，常指意外事故对身体或精神上的损害，损伤；wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤，尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤；harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害，特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等，使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。 9miss，losemiss意为未能赶上（抓住），错过，失去，漏掉。而lose意为丢失，迷失方向，迷路。10fit，be fit for，be fit to，suit fit用作及物或不及物动词，表示（衣服等）合适，使合身；be fit for是形容词短语，表示适合的，能胜任的，for后接名词或动名词；befit to表示适合，能胜任，to是动词不定式符号，后接

8、动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的适合，而fit指尺寸、大小的合适。 11save，spare save意为储蓄，节省，指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用，或指节省东西，避免浪费，也指救命。而spare意为省，指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等，常表示省出一部分以留作他用。 12seat，sit seat是及物动词，意思是使坐下，可以接人作宾语，还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有：seat sb.使某人坐下；seat oneself自己坐下；be seatedsit down坐好。而sit是不及物动词，不能带宾语。    1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空

9、）34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans intelligence and creativity.A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。2.（2018·新课标I卷·完形填空）During my second year at the

10、 city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars?41. A. put forwardB. jumped atC. tried outD. turned down42. A. wasteB. earnC. save

11、D. pay41.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出； jumped at急于接收；tried out尝试；turned down拒绝。故选B。42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱； save节省；pay付钱。故选C。考向二考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析 使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，go

12、，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。 1.动词 away构成的短语动词有： throw away扔掉put away把收拾好give away捐赠，分发carry away运走run away 潜逃，跑开go away 走开 2动词 for构成的短语动词有： answer for负责provide for供给 all for要求plan for打算，为计划hope for希望，期待ask for索取，寻找send for派人去请go for

13、努力获取pay for偿还，赔偿3动词on构成的短语动词有：try on试穿，试验put on穿上，上演have on穿着，戴着pull on穿，戴hold on不挂断，坚持，继续carry on继续开展，坚持keep on继续go on继续get on上（车） 4动词over构成的短语动词有： come over过来hand over移交go over仔细检查，复习get over克服，恢复look over检查think over仔细考虑take over接受，接管hand over 移交turn over翻转 5动词 up构成的短语动词有： bring up抚育，培养

14、call up召唤，打电话给come up走上前来，长出cut up切碎fix up修理give up放弃；go up 上升，增长grow up 长大look up尊敬，向上看，查寻make up虚构，弥补，组成put up举起，搭建set up建立，创（纪录）pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到send up发射show up 揭露，露面turn up出现，把调高一点1. （2019·北京卷·完形填空）He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the n

15、ext time you ride with him, he'll _21_ those things.A. act onB. settle onC. check onD. agree on【答案】C【解析】句意：在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，Wilson会检查（check on）上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。2. （2018·江苏卷·完形填空）Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homel

16、ess due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been_36_ to pay lawyers fees.A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. drawn up起草；B. used up用光；C. backed up拥堵；D. kept up保持。根据后面的to pay lawyers fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。3.（2017·江苏卷·完形填空）In his first years of

17、high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36（struggling） across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38（before） anyone else had to be there.A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。根据 37 at school for practice ho

18、urs 38 anyone else可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn up在出现，符合语境。6动词out构成的短语动词有： come out出来go out出去，熄灭look out留神，当心walk out走出set out出发，开始put out扑灭，生产give out发出，发表hand out分发pick out挑选find out找出，发现speak out大声地说turn out生产，结果是get out出去，离开carry out实行，执行work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通bring out出版start out 

19、出发，动身。 （2017·江苏卷·单项填空）Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out【答案】B 【解析】考查短语辨析。hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手； B. bring out使显现，阐明，出版；C. pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. give out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的

20、一面。这里取使显现之意，故选B。考向三常见同根动词短语辨析 1.bring bring in引进，挣得bring about引起，导致bring up养育，培养，呕吐，提出bring out使展现，推出（书等）bring down降低，使倒下bring back把带回来，使忆起bring forth结果，生产，产生bring forward提出，提前bring off圆满完成（困难之事） 2break break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解break up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止break through逾越，突破，冲破break away（from）挣脱，脱离break out

21、爆发break in破门而入break into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰 break off折断，中断 3comecome about发生come out结果出来，出版，开花 come across偶遇，被理解come true变为现实come up走上前，被提出，走近come along一起来come up with产生，发现（解决办法等） 4give give up放弃give in屈服，呈交give out 用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表give off发出 give away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠5go go against违背，与不符，对不利go without勉强

22、维持，凑合go in for爱好，参加，从事go by过去，依据，按照go on继续，发生go over复习，仔细审查，走近go ahead 进行go through 从头到尾地阅读，经历go away走开，外出度假，消失go for去取来或接来，争取得到 6keepkeep away（from）使远离keep back 扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲keep off 避开keep on继续keep out 挡在外边，请勿靠近keep up保持，不低落，持续，继续keep up with跟上keep down抑制（以防其增长） 7looklook ahead向前看

23、look about环顾look back回忆，回顾look out当心，找出look up向上看，查阅，看望look down upon看不起look through翻阅look into调查，向内看 look after照看，负责处理look on旁观look forward to盼望look round寻找，边走边看，观光8putput back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟put down平定，镇压，记下put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄put forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前put off延期put on穿戴，上映put out扑灭，生产put up举起，张贴9t

24、ake take in吸收take for 误认为take out 拿出take down 放下take up从事，拿起，占据take off 飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功take by攻占take after像take along 随身携带take away带走，拿走，使离去take back 收回，退回（所购商品）take charge 负责，掌管take on呈现，雇佣take out拿出，带出去take over 接管，接任 1.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空） Developing

25、0;the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.A. calls for B. calls onC. calls off D. calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；

26、C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。2.The general manager has to retire due to his illness. Who do you think will _the business?A. take inB. take upC. take onD. take over【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：总经理由于生病必须退休，你认为谁将接管这个公司?take over接管，接手，符合句意。take in领会，欺骗；take up继续，占据(一定的时间或空间)；take on承担(责任)，呈现。10turn turn ba

27、ck折回，掉转头turn away转身，走开，打发走turn out结果是，赶出，生产，制造turn down 拒绝，调小turn off 关掉turn over翻过来，移交turn in上交（作业等），拐入 turn into变成，翻译 turn on打开，取决于turn to求助于，翻到turn up调大，出现 Tom had to_ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A. turn inB. turn downC. turn over D. turn to【答案】B【解析

28、】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn in 上交； turn down拒绝； turn over 移交； turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。题组一 基础过关I.单项填空1.A sign of a liar is that his eyes are always _, thats to say, he doesnt dare to look into your eyes.A. disagreeingB. wonderingC. reflectingD. wandering2.The government will set up a group to_ways to

29、improve the peoples living standard.A. run intoB. get intoC. look intoD. break into3.The visiting president answered journalists questions, saying the two countries should seek common ground and _differences on many problems.A. examineB. exploreC. assumeD. reserve4.You might_deer or horses as you wa

30、lk through the farmland, where many animals live.A. come upB. come throughC. come acrossD. come over5.We all_Wang Yaping as an example of a woman who managed to fulfil her dream.A. look forward toB. look backC. look up toD. look over6.They kept trying, and their efforts finally _.A. make itB. paid o

31、ffC. are made itD. are paid off7.In Britain today, women_44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.A. take upB. make upC. pick upD. give up8.Its a good idea. But whos going to _the plan?I think Tom and Mike will.A. carry outB. get throughC. take inD. set aside9

32、.As a student, I want to use my creativity to_ possible solutions to the problems I meet with.A. explain B. expressC. ignoreD. explore10.The policy of reducing the price of bus services provides you with a cheap way to _.A. get throughB. get acrossC. get overD. get around题组二 体验真题1.（2019·天津卷

33、3;单项填空）.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't _ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off2. （2017·天津卷·单项填空）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut i

34、n3. （2017·天津卷·完形填空）I was filled with the fear that I would 28 the same difficulties that beat me before.A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside4. （2017·新课标1卷·完形填空）After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learne

35、d how to 53 the alphabet that day.52. A. exerciseB. exploreC. expressD. explain53. A. printB. write C. signD. count5.（2016·江苏）He did not _ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate6.（2016·江苏）Many businesses

36、 started up by college students have_ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A. fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off7.（2016·江苏）Parents should actively urge their children to_ the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage

37、of D. give rise to8.（2016·天津）Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ her opinion on the subject. A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on9.（2016·天津）Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.

38、A. put B. make C. take D. give10. （2018·天津卷·单项填空）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up题组一基础过关单项填空1.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：说谎者的一个标志是他的眼睛总是游离不定，也就是说，他不敢直视你的眼睛。 disagree不同

39、意；wonder想知道；reflect反射；wander徘徊，漫步，走神。故选D。2.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：政府将成立一个组去研究提高人民生活水平的方法。run into偶然遇见；get into进入；look into调查，研究；break into闯入。 3.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：来访的总统在答记者问时说，在许多问题上，两国应当求同存异。examine检查；explore探索：assume假设；reserve保留。4.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在穿过农场时，你可能会碰到鹿或马，那儿有很多动物。come up出现，到来；come through安然

40、度过；come across(偶然)碰见；come over来访，拜访。 5.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：王亚平作为一个妇女的典范受到我们所有人的尊敬，她努力实现了自己的梦想。look up to sb.表示尊敬某人。6.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们一直努力，而且他们的努力终于奏效了。make it成功，到达，无被动形式，排除C项；A项时态错误；pay off意为(计划等)奏效时，也没有被动形式。故选B项。7.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今的英国劳动力中，女性占了44%，而且近一半的有孩子的母亲在工作赚钱。make up构成，符合句意。take up开始

41、从事(新的工作)，占据(一定的时间或空间)； pick up捡起，接收；give up放弃。8.A 【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：那是一个好主意，但是谁将去执行这个计划呢?我认为Tom和Mike可以。表示执行应该用carry out；而get through 意为接通，顺利通过，take in意为吸入，欺骗，set aside意为把放到一边，都不符合语境。9.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。explain解释；express表达；ignore忽略；explore探索。句意：作为一名学生，我想用我的创造力去探索可能的方式来解决我遇到的问题。 10.D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。get t

42、hrough通过，到达，做完，接通电话，熬过(困难时期等)；get across(使)被了解；get over克服，恢复；get around到处走动，传播。句意：降低公交服务价格的政策给你提供了一种便宜的方式去旅游。题组二体验真题1.C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。2.A 【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴

43、。根据句意，故选A。3.B 【解析】根据上文fear和下文the same difficulties that beat me before可知，我充满了恐惧，害怕遇到以前打败我的同样的困难。A. 克服，战胜；B. 遇到；C. 寻找；D. 把放到一边。故选B。4.52. B 考查动词辨析。exercise锻炼；explore探索；express表达；explain解释。句意：在那之后，我感觉到想要探索更多(关于手语的东西)，于是我决定参加ASL 俱乐部的一次会议。故选B。53. C 考查动词辨析。print打印；write写；sign签名，打手语；count数。句意：那天我只学会了打字母表的手

44、语。分析语境可知作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议，学会的应该是最基本的打字母表的手语。故选C。5.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他不容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。6.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断。句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。7.C 【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。8.A 【解析】句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是