考点03代词--备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

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1、考点03 代词【命题解读】代词在近年高考试题中出现频率非常高。代词的考查集中在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查代词的主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词和反身代词。【命题预测】预计2021年高考命题将继续考查代词在具体、特定语境下的灵活运用。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。考点仍然以人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等为主。【复习建议】纵观历年高考试题，对代词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 不定代词one，the one，o

2、nes，the ones，another，the other的用法, many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法辨析；以及 both, all, any, either, neither, none 的辨析；2. 物主代词的用法；3. 人称代词主格和宾格的用法；4. 表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；5. 指示代词 this，that，these，those，it的用法；6. another，(the) other(s)，else，the rest的用法；7. every-，some-，any-，no与-thing，-one，-body构成的复合不定代

3、词的用法。在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握容易混淆的代词的辨析。高考频度： 代词的考查要点代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。一、 人称代词人称代词形式数、格人称单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyour第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。Susan，g

4、o and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her w

5、ho I met in the hospital.在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him，too.2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，I总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You，she and I will be in charge of the

6、case.Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.1. （2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）“Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed.【答案】us me 【解析】纵观全文可知，此文以第一人称的口吻叙述，并且做菜的只有“我一人”，故将 us 改为 me。2. （2020·新课标II卷·短文改错）Best of luck with yours learning kungfu in China.【答案】yours your/you 考查代词。【解析】作介词宾语

7、的动名词前可以用人称代词的宾格形式或形容词性物主代词作其逻辑主语，此处 learning kungfu 为动名词 短语，因此将 yours 改为 your 或 you。 3. （2020·新课标II卷·短文改错）But he insists on us eating healthy food.【答案】he she 考查代词。【解析】根据上下文可知，本句句意为“但是母亲坚持让我们吃健康的食物”，故应用人称代词 she 指代母亲。 二、 物主代词物主代词形式意义类别我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mine

8、yourshishersoursyourstheirs1. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，在句子中作前置定语，不能单独使用。But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s但是我与熊猫的联系追溯到二十世纪八十年代，我在电视节目中的日子。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”可单独充当句子的主语，表语和宾语。Your coat is black. Mine is red.There is something wrong with

9、my phone. May I use yours?Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】【解析】its 根据句子结构和句意可知此处应用形容词性物主代词 its 作名词plans 的定语。三、 反身代词反身代词形式 人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyoursel

10、fhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。devote oneself to致力于dress oneself自己穿衣enjoy oneself过得快活feel oneself觉得正常3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己；独立地of oneself自然地；自动地by oneself独自地in oneself本身1. (2020.7.山东新高考)As well as looking at exhibits, vi

11、sitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or walking (walk) through a rainforest.42. themselves 句意为：想象他们自己生活在一个不同的历史时期。此处为“imagine sb doing sth”结构，living 是动名词短语作 imagine 的宾语，反身代词 themselves 是 living 的逻辑主语。 2.（2019·新课标卷III·短文改

12、错）In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.【答案】yourselves改为themselves【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。3.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）Nervously _facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words

13、 “Be yourself”.【答案】myself 【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。四、 相互代词(each other，one another)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others，one anothers，作定语。一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代词具有形容词和

14、代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday

15、afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。Can hard work change a person that much?考向1 对替代词

16、的考查1. that(those), one(ones)和it(的替代用法)代词用法it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone指代前面出现过的那类事物中的一个，其复数形式为onesthose指the名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)Did you get a ticket?你搞到票了吗？Yes, I managed to get one.是的，我设法搞到了一张。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangz

17、hou.北京的天气比广州冷。Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。The weather here is too cold. I dont like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。说明：one和that都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但是在下列情况下不可以互换：只能用that只能用onethat既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为thos

18、e。one只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用onethe ones用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。Only those(the ones)who had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。但是，the ones中的ones根据情况可用形容词修饰，而those不可以。Which d

19、o you want?你想要哪个?Ill have the red ones.我要红色的。Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。【知识链接】1. 当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：I think my dogs the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。Either (one) will suit

20、me. (这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。Lets have another (one). 咱们再来一个吧。She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。Which (one) would you like?That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?看起来那个最好。2. 复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some, any, both, several, dozen, own 等词修饰。如：Have you got any drawing-pi

21、ns? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? (不能说：some ones?)Do you have any new diaries?We dont have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?我们眼下一本也没有了。(不能说：. any ones? )He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。(不能说：. two ones.)注：如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：误：her ones / some ones / any one

22、s / five ones / your own ones正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones在美国英语中，ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one(s)来替代。如：Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? (不能说：. or tea ones? )但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one(s)替代。如：We

23、can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the one

24、s或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。2.Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _ this morning. A. itB. those C. one D. that 【答案与解析】C【解析】句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上句提到的一起交通事故，故用one代替。即C项正确。 3.I like this ho

25、use with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _. A. one B. it C. this D. that【答案】B【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。4.Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonald's . A. th

26、ose B. ones C. any D. all 【答案】A【解析】those=the ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonalds修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy餐馆的菜单，我发现其中许多与麦当劳的菜单项目非常相似。考向2 对both，all，either，any，neither，none 的考查1.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained a

27、ny useful suggestions.A. allB. noneC. eitherD. neither【答案】D【解析】all全部；none没有一个；either两个中任何一个；两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究小组在调査的基础上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的建议。故选D。2.When shall I call , in the morning or afternoon?_. Ill be in all day .A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either 【答案】D【解析】句意：我什么时候打电话过来？早晨还是下午？都可以，我一直都在。根据句意

28、可知是在早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择。AB通常都表示三者或者三者以上的情况，neither表示两者都不。故D正确。3.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. A. no one B. neither C .none D. all 【答案】C【解析】no one没有人；neither表示否定两者，题干没有两者提示，因此不选；表示三者以上的否定意用none。句意：罗斯玛丽这么多年遭受了严重疾病所带来的痛苦，但是她一点也没有丧失对生

29、活的热情。4.My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.A. nothingB. noneC. no oneD. neither【答案】B【解析】这里要注意是在那家店里没有买到，就是说店里的任何一块表都不可用的，有一个特定的范围，用none。nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调没有一个；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。句意：我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有合适的。考向3 对 another，the other，other，o

30、thers，the others 的考查代词用法other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义the otherthe other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的另一个；也可修饰名词，表示另外的another单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指另一，再一；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个。另外another后可接基数词/few复数名词形式，表示另外的(多少)others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为其他的人或事物，常与some一起出现the others意为剩余的一些His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the o

31、ther is a nurse.他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生，一个是护士。When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them.当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。I have three daughters. One is a nurse，another is a teacher

32、and still another is a worker.我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。1.(2018·新课标卷I·短文改错) The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.【答案】another改为other【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。2.Wo

33、uld you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?_ one? A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More【答案】C【解析】another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选C。句意：亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？还要吃一块？3.To stay awake, he fini

34、shed a cup of coffee and ordered _.A. the other B. otherC. the others D. another【答案】D【解析】两者中另一个用the other。不定数目(两个以上)中的另一个用another句意：为了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。4.You are the team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.A. both B. either C. others D. the other【答案】C【解析】句意：你是球队明星！与他人合作必定是你的拿手好戏。习语ones

35、 cup of tea意为the type of thing or person that you like。5.Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth thing over between them.A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 【答案】B【解析】neither含有两者都不之意，一方对应另一方，故用the other指两者中的另一个。句意：除非我们能够清除他们之间的障碍，否则双方没有一方愿意同另一方谈话。题组一基础过关用适当的代词填空1.The cos

36、t of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.2.May I ask for leave tomorrow?No，you cant._ applying for the scholarship must be present.3.I dislike _ when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.4.If youre buying todays paper from the stand，could

37、 you get _ for me?5.Speed up. 70 km/h isnt fast enough. You are holding up the traffic， another voice ordered from the seat next to _ (I).6.She asked _ (I) name and said she didnt remember me.7.Years have passed. Now，every time I sit down to write _ new，I think of Mr Gough.8.Both teams were in hard

38、training；_ was willing to lose the game.9.How many students are there in the classroom now?_. I have locked it.10.Saying is one thing and doing is _.题组二 能力提升I语法填空1.(2020·哈三中质检) By that time, the panda no longer needed (it)mother for food. 2.（2020.绥化一中三模）A few hours earlier, Id been at home in H

39、ong Kong, with (it) choking smog. 3.The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying _ (she) in the magazine in the hands.4.My father kept _(him) word and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest.5.I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without _(he) help I would never have got t

40、his far.6.However, he later finds out that his father was a wizard, and that his mother was a witch, both of _ （they）murdered by an evil wizard.7.If you want to go to the party with me, you should behave           (you) well.8.Generation after genera

41、tion, our forefathers worked hard and created a splendid culture on this land of _(us).9.No matter when I go to a post office and no matter where the post office is, I always find _ (me) standing in a line behind someone who has a lot of business to do.10. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-m

42、onth-old twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother. II. I.单项选择1.What do you think about that new librarian? She is _ of a good clerk, for she even doesnt know how to classify the books.A. somebody B. nothing C. something D. nobody 2.College students should learn to compromise. But some of them on

43、ly expect people to change for them, not _ way around.A. anotherB. the otherC. otherD. any other3. Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of _ is extremely violent. A. whichB. itC. themD. those4.According to the Gini Index, the degree of wealth concentration in China h

44、as risen by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than _ of the US.A. thisB. oneC. thatD. such5.Ive sold my first painting!This is really _! Someone actually thinks your painting fantastic.A. everything B. anythingC. nothing D. something6.Its one thing to send a short message but _ to hove

45、the person receiving the message actually do something. A. another B. other C. the other D. others7.If I had ever feared death before, it was _ compared to how I felt as the roller coaster moved faster and faster. A. anythingB. something C. everything D. nothing8. Actually, Einsteins theory of relativity and his other scient