考点39 阅读理解七选五（二）-备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

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1、考点39 阅读理解七选五（二）高考频度：【解题步骤2】（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为开门见山与末尾点题的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。（2）做

2、题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，

3、个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。【解题策略】（1）从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。（2）从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词

4、、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。（3）从关联词作为切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或

5、之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neither nor, eitheror,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence,

6、therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, a

7、lthough, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of        （ii）时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin

8、with以及一些具体的时间。5. 试题的位置不同，解题策略也不同（1）若问题在段首 （i）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。 （ii）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会 有某种的衔接手段。 （iii）段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。（2）若问题在段尾 （i）空白

9、前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 （ii）通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 （iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 （vi）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征

10、词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系 的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一 句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。（i）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头 是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（iv）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。（3）若问题是一整个自然段 （i）承上启下是这个

11、段落的主要任务，且自成一体，所以会有一个该段落主旨。考生可以从选项中较长的选项开始阅读，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 （ii）着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头， 因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。 （iii）分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。简单来说，最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。【总结】主旨大

12、意把握好，读懂选项更重要关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找信号词，回到选择项中筛选。复现经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构经验四：7选5句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈锯齿顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是参差不齐，错落有致的,看了D之后不看E却看A，看E，看了E之后不看 F而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否正确。这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧。同学们

13、学会了吗? 最后祝大家都能在今年的高考中取得好成绩!题组一（2020年高考真题）Passage1(2020·山东省高考英语试卷) Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often

14、when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the “speaking. ” 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the

15、 one who is speaking. Peoples attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. So, dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious one.18Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19And like everything else in life, that

16、 takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.20Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably cant count the times that youve thought, “Im glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever

17、! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.ADo the opposite.BYou want to be an effective public speaker.CYou don t

18、need to apologize for a minor slip.DWhen it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listenersG.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.

19、Passage2(2020·新课标全国卷III)A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.

20、 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if ther

21、e isnt a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostes

22、s of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago pe

23、ople would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm.AThis isnt usual though.BIt is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.CYou can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.DIf youre lucky enou

24、gh to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.Passage3(2020·浙江省高考英语试卷（1月）) Let

25、9;s take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.31For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. Whe

26、n we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world.32That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we dr

27、ink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.33Therefore，they don't have time

28、to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.34On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，children between the

29、ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.35People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.AWe use water indirectly too.BEvery system in our body depends on water to function.CIt is to inspire people to learn more ab

30、out water-related problemsDIf children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.G. In this way，they know how it feels

31、 to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.题组二（2020年名校模拟题）Passage1(2020·广东省汕头市2019届高三第二次模拟)Rising through stages to realize ourselvesMany modern people have the problem that they dont know who they are and what their purpose is. 1 . Once high school seniors graduate, they seem to lose thei

32、r identity. They once studied hard. But after they stop working, they begin to lose their way.In the theory of the Hierarchy of Needs（需求理论）, Abraham Maslo, put forward a similar situation, which consists of the five levels of a persons need. The fifth and final level is self-realization, which is wh

33、ere our final achievement lies. 2 I think self- realization has three major aspects. The first stage is acceptance, the second stage is discovery and the last stage is perseverance.Acceptance is the first stage. We should be reminded that we are all born unique, so we all have our own strengths and

34、weaknesses. Only when we understand these, can we pursue them orchange them. 3 Once weve accepted ourselves, we can discover what we are interested in and what we want to be. 4 but indeed we should live for ourselves. So before we start working towards a purpose, we should ask ourselves “Is this wha

35、t we truly desire?” and “Is this going to change the situation were in?”The last stage is perseverance. 5 Those who can self-realize are people who focus on the things they want to change.Through the three stages, we could gain recognition of ourselves. And by this point, whatever our lives were lik

36、e, we would be able to stand tall, confident of ourselves.A. Its nothing to a man of perseveranceB. Only by acceptance of the past can we change itC. This is especially common among college studentsD. Many people tend to go along with social expectationsE. Being objective and yet tolerant is the key

37、 to acceptanceF. It is the process of knowing ourselves and finding a purposeG. Exploring our potential isnt going to be done in a short timePassage2(2020广东番禺仲元中学高三月考） Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a

38、 group of the most talented individuals. 1Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?2They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the

39、point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the teams performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isnt evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to wh

40、ich a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 3In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individua

41、l talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the teams performance. Young chil

42、dren learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 4Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.5 An A-t

43、eam may require a balance-not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.AIts not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.BSports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.CThe group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.DStars apparently do

44、not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.Passage3(2020·福

45、建厦门高考模拟） Reducing class size has traditionally been seen as an important way to improve a students educational experience. Many often believe that smaller classes would permit teachers to give more personal attention to their students. 61.But one recent study suggests there's not much research-b

46、ased evidence to support this idea. The research was collected by a team from Denmark's Danish Center for Social Science Research.The study notes that one of the main problems with reducing class size is that it can have very high costs. 2. Financial limitations make it very difficult for many s

47、chools to reduce the number of students in the classroom.The new study began by examining 127 studies on classroom size. Its goal was to examine the major research studies already completed on the subject. 3 . In the end, the research centered on 10 main studies with possible sampling (采样)problems.T

48、he researchers concluded that there's some evidence to suggest that reducing class size may lead to some improvement in a student 's reading achievement. 4 . They found just a 53-percent chance that a randomly selected test score from a student from a small class would be higher than the sel

49、ected score of a student from a larger class. 5 . This led the researchers to conclude that there would be no benefit at all to math students in a smaller class size.ABut they said the effect is very smallBFor mathematics achievement, the result was 49 percentCThis can theoretically lead to improved ac