考点05形容词和副词--备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

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1、考点05 形容词和副词高考频度： 【命题解读】考查在语篇型填空和短文改错中的形容词和副词的句法功能；对形容词和副词的词性转换也是近几年高考考查的重点之一；形容词和副词的比较级也是考查重点。【命题预测】预计2021年高考将会更加注重形容词和副词的句法功能， 也会侧重于对形容词和副词的词性转换的考查，另外形容词和副词的比较级也是重点。【复习建议】 1. 掌握形容词和副词的句法功能； 2. 掌握形容词和副词的词性转换基本规律； 3. 掌握在形容词和副词的比较级及其固定句型。考向一 形容词、副词的基本用法1. 形容词的基本用法在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。一般情况下，单个的形容

2、词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。名师点津(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Light­hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her sm

3、ile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。(2)有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。2副词的基本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。(2019·天津卷)A dogs eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。名师点津有些副词，如fortunately

4、, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。（2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，he was not drowned

5、and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。1. _，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic【解析】句意：她无忧无虑、积极乐观

6、，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的；sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的；honest and confident 诚实的、自信的。【答案】 D2.Jim went to answer the phone._，Harry started to prepare lunch.A. However B. NeverthelessC. Besides D. Meanwhile【解析】句意：Jim 去接电话了。与此同时，Harry 开始做午饭。本题考查副词用法。A.然而；B.虽然如此；C.除此之外；D.

7、与此同时。根据前后句逻辑关系，应选择表示并列关系的D。【答案】 D3.We only had $100 and that was_to buy a new computer.A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhereC. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough【解析】 句意：我们只有100美元，离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰词顺序。not anywhere near或nowhere near：far from，not at all远非，绝不是，为固定短语。【答案】 A4.When it wa

8、s his turn to deliver his speech，_，he walked towards the microphone.A. nervously and embarrassingly B. nervous and embarrassedlyC. nervously and embarrassing D. nervous and embarrassed【解析】该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：He lay in bed，awake.再如：Her husband came back，drunk.【答案】D考向二 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（一）比较级和最高

9、级的构成(1)规则变化词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加­er或­esttalltallertallestlonglongerlongest以­e结尾的，只加­r或­stnicenicernicestfinefinerfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加­er或­estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest以“辅音字母加­y”结尾的，先变y为i再加­er或­esthappy

10、happierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultmore difficultmost difficultbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful名师点津(1)有少数几个双音节以及­ow，­er，­le结尾的词，既可以加­er和­est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有：common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。(2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, ex

11、treme, perfect, favorite, wonderful等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用可用于比较，如be senior to等。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/much moremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlittlelessleastfarfarther(具体)farthest(具体)further(抽象)furthest(抽象)(二)形容词、副词比较等级的用法1原级的用法(1)“as形容词/副词原级as”与“notas/so形容词/副词原

12、级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。(2)当as .as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。2比较级的用法(1)“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less多音节形容词/副词原级than”结构表示“一方不及另一方”。The book is less interesting than that one.这

13、本书不如那本书有趣。(2)“the形容词/副词比较级，the形容词/副词比较级”表示“越，就越”。The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.机器人与人类交流得越多，它学会的就越多。(3)“形容词/副词比较级and形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越”。It becomes colder and colder when winter comes. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷。(4)“the形容词/副词比较级of the two名词”表示“某人或某物是两者中较的”。Mike is the taller of the

14、 two boys. 迈克是两个男孩中个子比较高的那个。(5)形容词/副词比较级可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather等来修饰。It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。3最高级的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“是中最的”。The dog has a funny,

15、 short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world.这只狗有一条逗人而短的尾巴，它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。(2)“one of the最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”。This is one of the most important events in modern history. 这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。(3)用比较级或原级表示最高级含义。“否定词语比较级”表示最高级含义。比较级形式表示最高级含义。(4)最高级可以用序数词及by far, nearly, almost, much, b

16、y no means等修饰。1. （2020·新课标II卷短文改错）See you sooner.【答案】将sooner改为soon【解析】考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。2.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) wor

17、k, so that he could choose the best.【答案】finest【解析】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。3. （2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by _noting_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements

18、, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are. 【答案】higher【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。4. （2017·新课标III卷·语法填空）He screams the_63_(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me

19、.【答案】loudest【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。5. Believe it or not，swimming is_as any to lose unwanted weight.A. a way as good B.as a good wayC. as a way good D.as good a way【解析】 考查固定短语。as.as表示和一样，固定表达方式有asadj./adv.asasadj.a/ann.as等。【答案】 D6. Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Game

20、s were a success?Yes，_！It couldnt be _.A. relatively；better B. approximately；worseC. absolutely；better D. fortunately；worse【解析】本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively 相对地，比较地；approximately 大约；absolutely 当然是，绝对正确；fortunately 幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故C项正确。【答案】 C【巧学妙记】形容词和副词比较等级用法口诀1. 比较级与最高级：两者比较tha

21、n相连，三者比较the在前。 2. 同级比较：同级比较用原形，as. as永不离；as. as加not，只言两者是同一，若是not so. as，后强前弱不看齐。【妙语诠释】 比较级通常和than连用，而最高级前通常有定冠词the；同级比较一般用as. as表示与一样，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not so. as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为不如。【难点释疑】比较级表示最高级含义1. 比较级+than any other+可数名词单数The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。2

22、. 比较级+than all(the) other+可数名词复数China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。 3. no/never/nothing.+比较级Nothing is more valuable than time. 时间比任何东西都珍贵。4. 否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词或否定词+副词的比较级表示从未；未曾This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one. 这部电影很感人，我从没有看过一部比它更好的。考向三 倍数表达法倍数

23、表达法倍数表达法例句A谓语倍数形容词/副词比较级(名词)thanBThe electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说，泛滥成灾的电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。A谓语倍数as形容词/副词原级asBThis restaurant wasn't half as good as that other restaurant we went to.这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。A谓语倍数the名词(size, lengt

24、h, height, wei­ght等)ofBWhen you study the local map, you'll find this town is twice the size of that one.当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。A谓语倍数thatofBA谓语倍数what从句The output of this year is three times that of 2020.The output of this year is three times what it was in 2020.今年的产量是2020年的三倍。1. Whe

25、n you study the local map，youll find this town is_.A. twice the size of that oneB. twice as a large town as thatC. twice as larger as that oneD. twice as larger a town as that【解析】句意：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A is 倍数the名词(如size/length)of B；B项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。【答案】A2. Peters jacket lo

26、oked just the same as Jacks，but it cost_his.A.as much twice as B. twice as much asC. much as twice as D.as twice much as【解析】倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。【答案】B3.My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice_expensive.A.as B. soC. too D

27、. very【解析】 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是twice，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了as.as.这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。【答案】A考向四 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词数词描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) 出处材料性质类别名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensi

28、ve Japanese sports carTony is going camping with _ boys.A. little two otherB. two little otherC. two other littleD. little other two【解析】由限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。【答案】C【巧学妙记】多个形容词修饰一个名词的先后位置的口诀 ：限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材料， 作用类别往后靠。其中，限定词包括：冠词、物主代

29、词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。描绘性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。大长高表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示形状的词如：round square等。国籍指一个国家或地区的词。材料的词如：wooden, woolen, stone,

30、silk等。作用类别的词如：medical, college，writing desk，police car等。 考向五 形容词、副词辨析形容词副词的区别及用法1. late 和laterHe is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后，他来了。2. pleased, pleasing与pleasant（1）pleased的含义是“感到满意，高兴”，后常跟介词at, with。例如：I'm pleased to see yo

31、u here.在这儿见到你很高兴。She's pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。（2）pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”，相当于“giving pleasure”。例如：My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。（3）pleasant表示“快乐的，愉快的”。例如：The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。To have

32、a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。3. living, alive与live（1）living作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。在句中充当定语及表语。例如：Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。（2）alive译为“活着的”，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：He may

33、 be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。Is that sheep dead or alive? 那头羊是死了还是活着？ （3）alive还有“活泼的，活动的，有生机的”之意。例如：You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。（4）live表示“活着的”，做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。4. worth，worthy与worthwhile（1）w

34、orth意为“值得的”，后接v-ing形式，构成“be worth doing”结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；（2）worthy意为“值得的”，后接“of+名词（或being+过去分词）”，构成“be worthy of+名词（或being done）”结构或“be worthy to be done”结构。（3）be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如：This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。5. to

35、o、also、eithertoo和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。Are they coming too ?他们也来吗?She is young and beautiful, and also rich.她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。He hasnt finished it, either.他也还没有做完。6. likely与possible, probablelikely 的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。7. most 与mostlymost

36、做形容词或代词，如：most students, most of us；mostly为副词，表示大部分情况下，或成分中大部分。如：（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Im surely youll have a good time.【答案】将surely改为sure【解析】考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。考向六 几组难点句型详解句型1：A is 倍数the size/length/weight/heightof B.如：The newly broadened square is four times

37、 the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。句型2：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如：Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。句型3：can't be tooadj. can't beadj.enough无论都不为过，越越 如：You can never be careful enough. You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。句型4：too

38、to句型的两个意义(1) 表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”。如：This question is too hard for me to understand. 这个问题对我来说太难理解了。(2) 表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only /but/all tooto do结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如：Im too glad to he

39、ar that.我对此感到非常高兴。题组一 基础过关形容词和副词专项综合训练（一）Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains too much.It is not_1_(complete) trueThrough many studies, scientists show us that the _2_ (much) you use your brain, the better it will be and the_3_ (clever) you will become.Of course, if you

40、want to keep your mind clear and active , you must take a proper rest and study _4_(proper).To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is good for their health.There are many ways to rest.One is a _5_ (peace) rest.Sleep is a peaceful rest.Another is an _6_ (act) rest. For example, take a wa

41、lk outdoors and do more exercise every day.To change the way of brains' activities is also an _7_(effect) way to rest.In everyday life, _8_(regular) eating some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit is also _9_(benefit) to the brains. Wish you to live_10_ (happy) and stay healthy and young for

42、ever. 形容词和副词专项综合训练（二）I'm more than_1_(please) to receive your letter for my advice on how to read books _2_(correct).To read _3_(successful) requires right ways of reading, here is my advice.First of all，choose a book which is neither too difficult nor too easy for you.If you find it too hard to

43、 go on with the book，just put it aside for a moment and change it for an_4_(easy) one._5_(consequent)，choose books that you are not only _6_(interest) in, but are _7_(benefit) to you，since reading is not always for fun only._8_(final )，do make the most of dictionaries，as dictionaries are your _9_(go

44、od) teachers.I hope my advice will be greatly _10_(help) to you.题组二 能力提升单句语法填空1.(山东省安丘市、诸城市、五莲县、兰山区2020届高三4月模拟) Despite failing in mathematics, Qian _ (success) entered the Department of Foreign Languages under Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his excellent performance in Chinese and English l

45、anguages.2.（【全国百强校】东北三省三校2020届高三第一次模拟）In the memoir, Michelle speaks _ (honest) of difficulties she met with in her life. 3.（【全国百强校】东北三省三校（辽宁省实验、东北师大附中、哈师大附中）2020届高三第二模拟）Though in fear, everyone screamed _ (delight).4. (【省级联考】吉林省名校2020届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试)When whisky is first made, it is _ (actual) clear

46、, not brown in colour. 5. (东北三省四市2019届高三第一次模拟)The stations are _ (main) built outside the town center, but local transport has been lengthened to connect the high-speed network. 6.(河南省开封市2019届高三上学期第一次模拟)Coherent perfect absorbers have been _（experimental）realized in several setups with the notable exception of a CPA in a diso