考向58 语法填空之解答谓语类填空的4策略(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题.docx

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1、考向58 语法填空解答谓语类填空的4策略策略一4个微技能搞定谓语动词时态【考情再现】1. (2020·新高考卷) collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened .答案与解析formed句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析句子结构可知，collected by Sir Hans Sloane是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词objects，故空处是谓语动词，根据

2、该句时间状语in 1759可知，主句谓语所表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语objects与form“构成”是主动关系，故填formed。2. (2019·全国卷) some Inuit people in Nunavut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.答案与解析have reported句意：近年来，一些因纽特人报告说，在人类居住地附近看到北极熊的次数有所增加，这让人们以为

3、熊的数量正在增加。根据该句时间状语In recent years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填have reported。3. (2018·全国卷)， _ (grow) more corn than rice.答案与解析has grown句意：自2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知，此处谓语动词用现在完成时，且主语the country是第三人称单数形式，故填has grown。4. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)， _ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

4、答案与解析had discoveredby 过去时间，表“到为止”，该句谓语所表示的动作先于过去的时间“公元前6000年”之前发生，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had discovered。5. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)You are a great swimmer.Thanks. It's because I _ (practice) a lot .答案与解析have been practicing句中时间状语是these days，结合“You are a great swimmer”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表动作的持续，强调一直在练习，填have bee

5、n practicing。微技能1时间状语判断法在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，可根据所给时间状语确定对应时态。一般现在时：sometimes, every week/day/year/morning等。一般过去时：yesterday, last week/night/year/month, the other day, in过去的年份、时间段ago, 时间段later等。现在进行时：look, listen, now, at present, at this moment/time等。过去进行时：at that time/moment等。一般将来时：tomorrow, next wee

6、k/year, in时间段， in the future等。将来进行时：at six/this time tomorrow等。现在完成时：since时间点， recently, lately already, so far, ever since, up to/until/by now, during/over/in the last/past时间段， in/over recent时间段等。过去完成时：by then, until then, by/before/till the end of过去时间点等。【考情再现】6. (2020·全国卷)When he asked the vi

7、llagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they _ (point) down the river.答案与解析pointedand是并列连词，在该句中连接两个并列谓语，两个并列谓语时态应一致，根据and前的 smiled 可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填pointed。7. (2019·全国卷)Our hosts many of their experiences and _ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, a

8、nd visit.答案与解析recommended分析句子结构可知，“and”连接的是两个并列的谓语，时态应一致，设空处应用一般过去时，故填recommended。8. (2018·全国卷) When the gorillas and I each other, I just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _ (mean) me no real harm.答案与解析meant设空处所填谓语动词与句中已有的谓语动词frightened和was时态

9、一致，应用一般过去时，故填mean的过去式meant。牢记：mean_sb._no_harm/mean_no_harm_to_sb._“对某人没有恶意”；不规则动词mean(意味，打算)meantmeantmeaning。9. (2020·浙江高考7月卷改编)This style of farming for quite a long time. Then, with the rise of science, changes _ (begin). 答案与解析began设空所在句的前面一句是过去时，根据时态一致原则可知，该句也应用一般过去时。故填began。微技能2参考语境和并列谓语(

10、1)语境理解少不了：题干中没给出具体的时间状语时，应仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。(2)瞻前顾后找并列：可根据并列连词and, but, or, as well as, rather than, both . and ., neither . nor ., either . or ., not only . but also .等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。【考情再现】10. (2020·全国卷)“This really scientists，

11、” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _ (mean) we the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”. 答案与解析means; is constructed主句是一般现在时，故because引导的从句也用一般现在时，主语是it，该处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。第二空是how引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，主语the moon与动词construct之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，mean

12、s后的宾语从句是一般现在时，该处用一般现在时，又主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。11. (2019·全国卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _ (declare) she no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business.答案与解析declared本句为主从复合句，设空后的“she had no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business”

13、为宾语从句，设空处在句子中作主句的谓语，应与宾语从句谓语时态一致，用一般过去时，故填declared。 12. (2020·天津高考7月卷)I never _ (worry) about my son while I was away because my mother kept an eye on him.答案与解析worried句意：我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。while引导的从句是一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时，填worried。13. (2019·浙江高考)When every pupil in the school the uniform,

14、nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚). 答案与解析will have/has句意：当学校里每个学生都穿校服时，没有人需要/会担心时尚问题。本句是由when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本处叙述的是客观事实，因此，也可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。14. (2019·浙江高考)One study in America that students' grades _ (improve) a little after th

15、e school uniforms.答案与解析improved句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校推行校服制度后，学生的成绩有所提高。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句子中作宾语从句的谓语，宾语从句中的时间状语是after引导的时间状语从句，主从句时态应保持一致，宾语从句应用一般过去时，故填improved。微技能3时态呼应判断法在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。在宾语从句中，如主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句表客观事实或真理，用一般现在时。微技能4固定句型判断法祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。

16、This/It/That isthe序数词time(that)从句，从句用现在完成时。This/It/That wasthe序数词time(that)从句，从句用过去完成时。It is/has been时间段since sb./sth. did .was/were doing sth. when sb./sth.did .no sooner/hardly had sb.done sth.than/when sb./sth. did .by the timesb./sth. did，主语had done .策略二辨别逻辑，析主动或被动【考情再现】15. (2020·新高考卷) of a

17、 museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection on display.答案与解析are called根据下一句的时态结合此处描述的是客观情况可知，该句应用一般现在时；主语The parts 与call是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语The parts 是复数概念。故填are called。16. (2020·全国卷)The artist was sure _ (choose), but when he presen

18、ted his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 答案与解析be chosen本句主语he与choose是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。choose(选择)chosechosenchoosing。17. (2019·全国卷)On the last day of our week­long stay, _ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm o

19、n the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.答案与解析were invited设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语 “On the last day of our week­long stay”可知，此处表发生在过去的动作，且主语we与invite之间是被动关系， 应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为we，故填were invited。18. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)Farming produced more food for person t

20、han hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food _ (need). 答案与解析was needed主语more food 和need之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。as引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。19. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)People tend to focus on the first factor. However,

21、 greater attention should _ (place) on longevity (长寿). 答案与解析be placed该句主语attention与place是被动关系，且设空前是情态动词should，故填be placed。place attention on“注重；关注”。【技巧微点】解题时要首先找出句子的主语，然后确定主语与动词之间的关系：主语是动作的发出者，动词则用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态(1)一般现在时：am/is/are done；一般过去

22、时：was/were done；一般将来时：will be done；过去将来时：would be done；现在进行时：am/is/are being done；过去进行时：was/were being done；现在完成时：has/have been done；过去完成时：had been done。(2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词be done。(3)牢记常考的不及物动词，如：remain, happen, occur, belong to等。策略三主谓一致定词形【考情再现】20. (2020·全国卷) This is why _ (carry) special si

23、gnificance. 答案与解析carries这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。21. (2019·全国卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three declining, six _ (be) stable, one increasing, and nine enough data.答案与解析are本句由多个分句并列组成，其中设空处所在的分句的主语是six, 为复数概念

24、，谓语应用复数，且下文的lack也是提示；本句叙述的是一般事实， 应用一般现在时，故填are。22. (2020·天津高考7月卷) reached 18 in the early 1990s and _ (remain) around that level .答案与解析has remained根据句中时间状语ever since“从那以后”可知，该句用现在完成时。主语为The number of medical schools，the number of 表“的数目”，修饰复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。remain “保持”是不及物动词，无被动语态，故填has re

25、mained。23. (2020·天津高考5月卷)A survey carried out last year that in this city _ (be) in favour of the proposal on health care reform.答案与解析were该句时间状语是last year，主句是一般过去时，故从句中应用一般过去时，“百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与介词of后的名词的数保持一致。the middle­aged指一类人，表复数意义，谓语用复数，故填were。【技巧微点】(1)一致原则：主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词、表示距离、时间、金

26、钱等的名词、不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； 定语从句谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。(2)就近原则：or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but (also) ., not . but . 等连接并列主语时； 在there/here be 句式中，谓语动词与最邻近的主语在数上保持一致。(3)就远原则：“名词介词(with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等)名词”作主语，谓

27、语动词与第一个名词或代词在数上保持一致。策略四情态动词/虚拟语气凸显谓语【考情再现】24. (2020·天津高考7月卷)Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.答案与解析can根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，此处表“许可”，故填情态动词can。25. (2020·江苏高考)If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I would

28、n't _ (be) where I am.答案与解析be此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用would do形式。空前已有wouldn't, 故填be。26. (2020·天津高考5月卷)You shouldn't _ (scold) him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.答案与解析have scolded根据前后句关系可知，此处表示“本不该”，是shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的

29、事，空前已有shouldn't, 故填have scolded。27. (2019·天津高考)The workers ， otherwise they would _ (accomplish) the task in half the time.答案与解析have accomplished根据空前的“The workers were not better organized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构相当于：从句：If主语过去完成时其他，主句：主语should (would, could, might)现在完成时其他，设空前已有wo

30、uld, 故填have accomplished。28. (2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.答案与解析can句意：在当今信息时代，丢失数据有可能给公司带来严重的问题。can表客观可能性“有时可能”。29. (2018·北京高考)They a better hotel if they _ (drive) a few more kilometers.答案与解析had driven由主句谓语“might have fo

31、und”可知，if从句是对过去事实的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时，故填had driven。 30. (2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have) to become more involved.答案与解析hadwish后为宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，故填had。【技巧微点】情态动词和虚拟语气是高考设题的冷点(1)情态动词不能单独作谓语，需和后面的实义动词或be动词构成谓语：情态动词do/be；表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词have done”。(2)

32、虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。(3)牢记几个句式：would rather that . did (与现在或将来相反)/had done (与过去相反); It's (high) time that . did/should do; wish that . would/could do (与将来事实相反); wish that . did/were(与现在事实相反); wish that . had done (与过去事实相反)。【检测训练】1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的

33、正确形式。Differences in lifestyles and personalities result in roommate conflicts. One person likes quiet, while the other person turns up his sound system to the point 1. the whole room trembles. Most roommate conflicts spring from such small, 2. (annoy) differences rather than from major disagreements

34、 3. abstract philosophical principles. However, if not 4. (deal) with carefully, they will eventually tear roommates apart. Roommate conflicts do harm 5. students psychological health and cause depression. In extreme cases, roommate conflicts can lead to serious violence, 6. they did at Harvard last

35、 spring: One student killed her roommate before committing suicide. So far, many schools 7. (start) conflict resolution programs to calm tensions that otherwise can build up like a volcano preparing to explode, 8. (result) in physical violence. Some colleges have turned to “roommate contracts” that

36、all new students have to sign after attending a seminar on roommate relations. The contracts cover terms like 9. (accept) hours for study and sleep and a policy for use of each others 10. (belong), etc.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，把答案写在答题卡的相应位置。All hotels are redecorated regularly. However, very

37、 few do it as 11. (frequent) as Sweden's Icehotel. As the name indicates, the hotel 12. (construct) entirely from ice and, therefore, has to be rebuilt every year! The Icehotel consists of 69 rooms. To make them affordable for everyone, they range from expensive luxury suites(套房) to 13. (base) a

38、ccommodations.Among this year's unique suite offerings 14. (be) the “Elephant in the Room”. 15. (create) by Swedish artist, it features a three-meter-tall sculpted African elephant overlooking an ice bed. The “Counting Sheep” suite features frozen sheep 16. may help people suffering from sleeple

39、ssness get a good night. To keep customers entertained ,the hotel offers a 17. (various) of fun activities like snowshoeing, moose(驼鹿) or snowmobile safaris, dog sledding, and even overnight wilderness camping. Guests have to lie inside sleeping bags and keep their gloves and hats on. Though that se

40、ems a little uncomfortable, visitors say it is 18. experience like none other.The construction of the Icehotel began in 1989. Sadly, the hotel is only available between December 19. February. With the temperature 20. (rise) after that, the Icehotel will eventually melt into a huge pool in mid-April.

41、3阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Are all changes good?It is a commonly held belief that as people get older, they become resistant to change. Their complaints that things used to be better in the past or 21. some new development is no good can be dismissed as the unavoidable thoughts of people who22

42、. (simple) don't like change and are therefore 23. (able) to see the benefits of progress.But is this automatically true? Are the views of an older person on a new development always to be disregarded? This would suggest that every new development must be a good 24. and surely that cannot logica

43、lly be25. case.Take26. (architect) for example. In the 1950s and 1960s, many older British people were highly critical of the new concrete housing blocks that suddenly sprang up in cities, 27. (say) that they were ugly and depressing places to live in. They were 28. (tell) that they were simply bein

44、g old-fashioned and that they were incapable of appreciating the advantages of these new buildings, which had replaced the streets of small houses that they were familiar with. 29. decades later, these very same blocks were being pulled30. , as new generations decided they were both ugly and bad for

45、 society.4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Zhejiang province plans to roll out a pilot credit system for parents,31. will give them priority for activities organized by education authorities.The aim of the project is32. (encourage) parents to be more involved in their children's education and ove

46、rall growth, though taking the course is33. (option).Since the Zhejiang Digital Parent School opened last year on Zhijianghui, an education app34. (release) by the provincial education department, it has issued 220 , 000 e-certificates to parents who participated in digital parent schools across the

47、 province.Approximately 70 percent of primary and middle schools in the province35. (expect) to build digital parent schools by 2025, according to a blueprint from the provincial education department.By the end of last year , 920 online parenting education schools for primary and secondary schools36

48、. (establish) across Zhejiang, accounting for 15 percent of the province's primary and secondary schools. Just over 30 percent were launched through the Zhijianghui app.Song Lingshu,37. 35-year-old graphic designer and mother of a 10-year-old boy in Hangzhou's Gongshu district, spoke highly of such38. (move). "Such training is aimed at improving parents' capabilities in39. (they) parent