考点26 并列句和状语从句-备战2020年高考英语考点一遍过.doc
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1、 考点26 并列句和状语从句高考频度: 考向一 并列句 一、并列连词1.表示并列关系的连词:and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子,表示一种顺接的关系。 We are singing and they are dancing.or:用于否定句中连接并列成分,表示和,与;用于祈使句+or+陈述句中,意为否则,要不然。The baby is too young. He cant speak or walk.bothand:两个都,连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。 Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.e
2、itheror:要么要么,连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。 Either she or I am right.neithernor: 既不也不,连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。 Neither he nor I am right.not onlybut also: 不仅而且,强调后者;引导并列主语时,谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to
3、our school. 2. 表示转折关系的并列连词but但是,所连接的成分意思相反或相对。Our school is small but beautiful.while然而,可是,表对比。He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.yet但是,然而,用于转折。I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要尝试。3. 表示因果关系的并列连词由于,因为,表示原因,不能放在句首,也不能单独使用;for引导的从句不能位于not,but或任何连词之后。The days were short, for it
4、 was now December. for:因此,所以,表示结果,so不能和because连用。There were no buses, so I came by bicycle.so:4. 其他常用并列连词 when:就在那时,常用句型: be about to dowhen be going to dowhen be doingwhen I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 二、并列句 并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成, 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。在并列句中, 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组, 或者
5、连接副词来连接分句,有时甚至不用并列连词, 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。常用的并列连词有:and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor 并列连词词组有:eitheror, neithernor, bothand, as well as, not onlybut also 连接副词有:besides, furthermore, moreover 1. 表示联合关系常用and , neithernor, not onlybut also 等连词There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured
6、down.I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.2. 表示选择关系常用or, either or 等连词We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. 3. 表示转折和对比关系 常用yet, but, however, while 等 but表示完全转折, 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时
7、必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors. They wanted to charge 5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down.In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.One can not see wind,
8、however, it does exist.Id like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)4. 表示因果关系常用so, for,therefore等连接词I didnt get enough sleep so I didnt feel very well this morning.I
9、t was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.5. 表示条件或者结果常用and或者or等连词Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.Dont drive too fast or you will have an accident .Stand over there and you will see the oi
10、l painting better.You have to move out of the way or the truck cant get past.6. 表示递进关系常用besides, furthermore,moreover等连接副词。Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.注意:1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。(1)祈使句,and/or主谓结构。(2)名词短语,and主谓结构。(3).be about to.when.正要这时突然Climb to the top of the
11、 mountain,and you'll get a good view of the city.Hurry up,or you'll be late.Another five minutes,and I'll finish the composition.A few minutes and they went away.He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.2.however,but,while的用法比较。however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比,又表转折。H
12、e was ill,but he still kept on working. What she said sounded reasonable,Mr. Green,however,didn't believe her. 她说得有道理,然而,格林先生就是不信她。There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。3.(1) so不能与because连用。(2)but,while不与although连用,但yet,still可与although连用1.【2019
13、183;新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a;考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。2.【2019·新课标II卷·
14、语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.”【答案】but【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应,构成“不是而是 ”之意,故填but。3.【2019
15、183;新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house,it was raining _61_ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.【答案】so【解析】考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“sothat”意为“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。4.(2018·新课标I卷·短文改错
16、)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.【参考答案】but改为and【答案解析】考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次,他同意了。此处是并列关系,故将but改成and。考向二 状语从句定义在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句。按其意义可分为时间,地点,原因,条件,让步,结果,目的,方式,比较状语从句等。状语从句可放在主句的前后,一般用逗号隔开。状语从句常由引导词(连接词)引导。分类地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, where
17、ver 引导。方式状语从句as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) asso结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是正如,就像,多用于正式文体。as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的,好像似的。原因状语从句because, since, as和for (1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。(2)由because引导的
18、从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。分类结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。注意: so
19、many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。 sothat与 suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。注意:unless = if not.让步状语从句连接词though, although,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。比较状语从句引导词及用法:(not) so / as a
20、s, than, the +比较级 the +比较级, except/excepting that.(除了)。时间状语从句连接词:when/while/as,till/until,since,before/after, once /as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /no soonerthan/hardly(scarcely,rarely)when ,the first(second)last/next/every /each /by the time等分类时间状语从句wh
21、en/while/as都表示当的时候,但when侧重某一时刻的动作或状态,while侧重某一持续时间段的动作或状态,as侧重紧接着发生的动作或状态,强调同一时间,一先一后,一边一边。when的其他用法及意义:(1)突然,正在此时,常构成以下结构:be(was/were)+ doing sth/about to do sth/on the point of doing sth/to do sth/on ones way to.+when(vt-ed). /had done+when(vt-ed).(2)既然/如果until/till二者意义相同,until 比till正式,句首只能用until。
22、肯定句且谓语动词为延续性动词时表示直到为止;否定句且谓语动词为终止性动词时表示 直到才,常构成not.until.=before.但not until放在句首时,主句应该半倒装(倒主不倒从)。分类时间状语从句sinceprep 自从以来 主句(一般/现在完成时)+since+时间点adv. 从那以后 since then/ever since 强调某一动作或状态的一直,它所修辞的主句谓语动词须为延续性动词。conj. 主句(一般/现在完成时)+since从句(vt-ed)(1)主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时,必须强调动作的多次。Great changes have taken place sin
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