考点20宾语从句-备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

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1、考点20 宾语从句高考频度：【命题解读】名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。【命题预测】预计2021年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。【复习建议】1. 掌握宾语从句的用法；2. 了解同位语从句的用法；3. 掌握表语从句的用法；4. 掌握主语从句的用法；5. 如何正确选择引导词。考向一 名词性从句连

2、接词的用法名词性从句的连接词主要有以下几种：从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1.that的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.The report that there

3、 will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，because he was a child，he d

4、id not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词关系代词，即常说的先行词that。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.

5、I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the ho

6、pe that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) 2.whether和if的用法。 (1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。It all depends on whether they will come back.(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arr

7、ived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词

8、不定式连用但if不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。Thank you，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示不管、无论，而if不能。Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time

9、.3.疑问词ever和no matter疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)疑问词ever还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.Whatever you do，you must do it well.(3)no matter疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do，you m

10、ust put your heart into it.No matter who comes late，he must be punished.4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)5.名词性从句中that不宜省略的几种情

11、况宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略，但在以下情况时，that不宜省略。 （1）当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。如： The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents. 老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。 （2）当that前面有插入语时，that不宜省略。如： Little Alice

12、didn't know, I'm sure, that her sister was going to America. 我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。 （3）省略答语中，that宾语从句单独出现时，that不可省略。如： What did he say? 他说了什么 That he would visit the Great Wall. (他说)他将会参观长城。 （4）当主句的状语部分位于that 宾语从句之前时，that不宜省略。如： Jane realized at once that she must do with it herself. 珍立刻意识

13、到她必须亲自处理那件事。(如省略that，at once也可能修饰从句，是表示立刻意识到，还是表示立刻去处理，较为含糊) （5） 当that 宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时，that不宜省略。如： Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his brother. 汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到500美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。 （6）当that 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不宜省略。如： I will

14、never tell anyone that you have ever been there. 我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿。 （7）当为了强调而把that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。如： That they would take the risk was very clear. 他们将要冒这个险是很清楚的了。 （8）当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，其宾语that从句中的 that 不宜省略。如： Mary has made up her mind that she will study hard for the scholarship, so she can have

15、the chance to go abroad for further study. 玛丽下定决心努力学习以获得奖学金资格，这样她就有机会出国深造了。 （9）当that 宾语从句前有 it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。如： We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。 （10）当引导同位语从句时，that一般不可省略，尤其当that与先行词处于分割情况时。如： He heard the news that his te

16、am had won. 他听到了他的队获胜的消息。 There is a feeling in me that they are cheating me. 我有一种感觉他们在骗我。 （11）当that 宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或是主语从句时，that不可省略。如： The doctor said that taking exercise was the best way of losing weight. 医生说运动是最好的减肥方式。 考向二 宾语从句【难点梳理】1）宾语从句主要跟在动词、介词和某些形容词之后。I wish hat he woud understand me. 我希望他能理解

17、我。Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.我们能否成功取决于我们合作得怎么样。注意：(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。He'll talk to us about what happened in the classroom.他将给我们讲述课堂上发生的事情。(2) in, but, except等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句，但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因为, but that要不是, except that除了。The high income tax

18、 is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.个人所得税高是有害的，因为它可能使人们不愿意努力赚更多的钱。He would have failed but that you helped him.若不是你帮助他，他会失败的。Im afraid that Ive made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了一个错误。2）引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether，if等连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等连接副词：when，whe

19、re，why，how等1. 连接词that，whether，if引导I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。注意：whether/if都意为是否。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。（1）与or not紧接连用时。Let me know whether or not you can come.

20、 请让我知道你是否能来。（2）作介词的宾语从句时。We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导Do

21、 you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4. 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?5.

22、 宾语从句的时态（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当

23、的过去时态。He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。The teacher told us that nothing is dif

24、ficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.

25、我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示喜欢；痛恨；认为的动词或动词短语和see to表示注意，留意后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is

26、in neutral. 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。介词后的宾语从句。She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

27、I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。【巧学妙记】宾语从句的用法速记口诀宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。1.（2020·天津卷7月·单项选择）15. The student completed this experiment

28、 to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。2. （2020·天津卷3月·单项选择）12. My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish

29、_ I put my mind to.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. whichever【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论何时；B. whatever 无论什么，任何；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B项。3.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）What students do at college seems to mat

30、ter much more than _8_ they go.【参考答案】where【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。4.（2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.【参考答案】where改为when【答案解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后

31、的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。5.（2018·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）I'm not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.【参考答案】which/who【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一

32、个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which或者who”题组一 基础过关 .用适当的连接词填空1. _ it will do us harm remains to be seen.2. The question is _ we should carry out the plan.3. I gave him _ books I had.4.As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.5. The only way to succeed at the high

33、est level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyoneelse on the sports field.6. The question occurred to me _ we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time.7. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with. whether his frie

34、nds or relatives.8. -Your sneeze tells me you may have a flu.-No, Its just _ I cant stand the smell of the paint here.9. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory,10. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.1l. Some experts h

35、old the view that fundamental construction is_ the key to the little island development lies.12. This is _they call Salt Lake city.13. Bob has the mistaken idea _ tomorrow is a holiday.14. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.15.1 have no idea _he will arrive at the ho

36、tel.单句改错1.After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.2.Whoever was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.3.We never doubt whether he is honest.4.If she comes or not doesnt concern me.5.I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should hav

37、e to toil so endlessly.6.The fact is what he didnt notice the car until too late.7.The reason why he was late was because he didnt catch the early bus.8.Your brothers health is not which it used to be.9.Obviously there was little probability which they would succeed，but they didnt mind.10.The propos

38、al has been put forward what the flight should be cancelled.题组二 能力提升I.单项填空1. _ Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret till next Monday.A.WhenB.ThatC.WhatD.Whether2. _ that the Chinese government plans to end its one-child policy and instead let families have two children.A.It was rep

39、ortedB.What was reportedC.It has reportedD.As was reported3. It is said _ the picture shows a Chinese girl standing by the river under a tree, seemingly listening to a bird singing.A.whichB.asC.whatD.that4. He asked _.A.how much did the iPhone 7 costB.how much the iPhone 7 costsC.what was the price

40、of the iPhone 7D.what the price of iPhone 7 was5. There will be a bow and arrow competition _ to retell _ the Plains Indians used to hunt for food.A.designed；whatB.designing；howC.designing；whatD.designed；how6. People are now eager to find out _ the little boy survived the terrible disaster.A.how is

41、it thatB.that it is howC.that is it howD.how it is that7. He was seriously ill. That is _ he didnt come yesterday.A.whyB.the reasonC.becauseD.for what8. The reason why you get into a panic is _ you havent been well prepared for whats going to happen.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because9. _difficult the task m

42、ay be, we must finish it on time, because there is a possibility_ well be fired if we cant.A.Whatever; thatB.However; thatC.Whatever; whichD.However; as10. _he told Toms parents was the news _Tom had been admitted to a key university, _, of course, made them feel very excited.A.What; which; whichB.T

43、hat; that; whichC.What; that; whichD.That; that; whatII.语篇填空I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing _1_happened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorlydressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew _2_he was. We wondered _3_he was so hungry. We were surprised _4_he finished two o

44、rders of food in a very limited time.We doubted _5_the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked _6_we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see_7_he took out of an envelopea million pound bank note.I asked Mr. Clements_8_it was genuine. Mr.Clements said it was t

45、rue because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought _9_the gentleman showed them couldnt be a fake._10_a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldnt describe how exc

46、ited I was.III.语法填空Dear helpful Hannah,Ive got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone last month and took it during our holiday. He has a constant urge 1(check) text messages. Hes so addicted to it that he checks his phone every five minutes! He checks it at 2(appropriate) times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He 3(behave) as if any small am