考点45语法填空(二)--备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

《考点45语法填空(二)--备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考点45语法填空(二)--备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx（33页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、考点45 语法填空（二）第三部分 特殊句式及固定搭配专题一 特殊句式考点一 倒装句1.在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：在there引导的句子中，谓语是be, exist, live, lie等表示状态的动词时，用完全倒装句。地点状语位于句首，主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时，用完全倒装句。作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。表示地点和动作转移的副词，如:here, there, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。注意：当主语是代词时，不倒装。如： Here comes

2、the bus./Here it comes.2.在英语中，把助动词、情态动词或be动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。常见的部分倒装句有以下几种：当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。only+状语/状语从句位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或介词短语主要有not, little, hardly, never, by no means, on no condition, in no case, nowhere, seldom, nor等。在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件

3、句中，可以省略if，将 had/were/should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。hardly.when., no sooner.than., not only.but also.等引导两个分句，且hardly, no sooner, not only等提到句首时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。在so.that.句式中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。as/though引导的让步状语从句中，将表语置于句首构成部分倒装。Only when he reached the tea-house _he realize it was the same place he

4、d been in last year. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处应该填助动词did，构成倒装句。句意：只有当他到达茶馆时，他才意识到他去年也来过这家茶馆。only修饰状语从句when he reached the tea-house放在句首，主句要用部分倒装语序，根据语境为一般过去时，所以填助动词did。【答案】did考点二 强调句强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其他成分，则一律用that来连接。被强调部分错综复杂

5、，容易与其他从句混淆。区分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉，如果句子成立，且句意通顺，就是强调句型，否则就不是强调句型。如：It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.去掉It is和that/who，还原为Jane has been living in London since she left China.作为句子完全成立，由此可以判断该句为强调句型。使用强调句型的几个注意事项：(1)被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。It

6、is I who am right. 对的是我。 It is he who is wrong.错的是他。 It is the students who are lovely.可爱的是学生们。(2)被强调成分即使是在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等，也不能用when, where, because，而要用that。It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.正是在战后爱因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。It was in front of the bank

7、that the lady was robbed.那位女士是在银行前面遭遇抢劫的。It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.他是因为下大雨来晚的。 (3)被强调成分是作主语的代词时用主格，是作宾语的代词时用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天是他帮助了我。It was me that he helped yesterday. 他昨天帮助的是我。(4)被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。It was the things and people that they remember

8、ed that they were talking about.他们谈论的是他们记得的人和事。【易混易错】强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别1.强调句型与主语从句的比较 强调句型将句子中的it is/was与that/who同时省去，句子仍然成立；而包含主语从句的句子用that从句代替it，句子成立。如：It was Li Leis brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。 (本句若将It was 及that同时省去为：You met Li Leis brother in the street yest

9、erday.句子同样成立，因此本句是强调句型。)It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou X.我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。(本句若将It is 及that同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou X.显然句子错误，因此，本句不是强调句型，that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。)2.强调句型与定语从句的比较 强调句型中的it没有实际意义，it is/was与that/who去掉后句子结构仍然完整。但定语从句中的it be和作主语的t

10、hat去掉后句子结构不完整。3.强调句型与状语从句的比较 强调句型中的it is/was与that/who同时省去，句子仍然成立；而包含状语从句的句子it是主语。如：It was 8 oclock when they went home.他们回家时是8点。 (句中代词it作主语，指代时间，when引导时间状语从句)It was at 8 oclock that they went home.他们是在8点回家的。 (本句是强调句型，at 8 oclock是被强调部分)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her o

11、wn plan. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处构成not until的强调句型，应填that。句意：直到将近信的结尾她才提到自己的计划。本题为强调句型，被强调部分为not until near the end of the letter。原句为：She didnt mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.。【答案】that考点三 祈使句_(knock) at the door before you enter my room, please. 【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格前没有主语，后面有before引

12、导的时间状语从句，由此可判断，此处构成祈使句，所以填knock。【答案】Knock专题二 固定搭配考点1 常见词组as a matter of fact；be proud of； by the way；come from；according to；congratulate.on.；devote.to.；earn ones living；keep ones word； make up ones mind； be concerned about.；catch up with.； keep an eye on.；concentrate on.等。考点2 特殊固定用法keep.doing sth.；p

13、revent.from doing.；like doing.；need doing； feel like doing； get sth. done； have sth. done；have sb. doing/do sth.；enjoy doing； succeed in doing等。考点3 常用句型so/such.that.It is.(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.There is no doubt/need that.There is no sense in doing sth.Its ( high) time that sb. did/should do sth

14、.It is no good/use doing sth. not only.but also. It is/was the first (second) time that sb. has done/had done sth. It is no wonder that. 特殊句型结构及固定搭配在语法填空中主要考查对其掌握的熟悉程度，所以我们要善于积累，牢记固定搭配和特殊句型，答题时注意固定搭配的介词、名词、动词的形式和特殊句型的形式主语、连接词及相应时态的运用等。代词it在特殊句型中非常活跃，所以考生需要特别注意包含it的常用句型：1.用在动词 like, love, dislike, ha

15、te, appreciate等后作宾语。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我讨厌人们满嘴食物说话。2.作形式主语或形式宾语用于It is+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或that从句中。如： It is certain that he will succeed.他一定会成功。用于It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 从句中。如： It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.我突然想起我应该向警方求助

16、。用于It looks as if/as though.中。如:It looks as if were going to miss the plane.似乎我们要误了班机了。用于It is+过去分词+that从句中。如:It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University.人们相信他将被北京大学录取。用于think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing形式或 that从句中。如：I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.我通常每天步行两英里路。用于 take

17、it for granted that., bring it to ones attention that.,see to it that.等句型中。如：We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants.我们认为在餐馆里水免费饮用是理所当然的事情。3.构成特定句型It is/has been.since.It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much.将近有十年时间他没这么高兴过了。It was (not)/will(not) be.before.It was not

18、 long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就感受到此处的危险。It is sb.s turn to do sth.Its my turn to look after the baby.轮到我看孩子了。1.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day;_ the same time, they warm up again for the ni

19、ght.【解析】根据语境可知，第一空处应该用动词不定式，构成adj./adv.+enough to do结构，所以第一空填to cool；根据语境可知；第二空填介词at，构成短语at the same time，表示同时。【答案】to cool; at2. Keep_ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.【解析】根据语境可知，此处作动词keep的宾语，构成固定搭配，keep doing sth.意思是继续做某事因此填动词-ing形式。【答案】holding3.It to

20、ok years of work _(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.【解析】It takes/took (sb.)+.+to do sth.为固定句型，意思是做某事花费(某人)多长时间。所以此处填动词不定式。【答案】to reduce题组一（2020年高考真题）Cloze 1（2020年浙江省高考英语试卷（1月）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Something significant is happening to the world population-it is agin

21、g. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 195056(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected57(increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the58(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65；by 2050, it will be one in six.This aging of the popul

22、ation is driven59two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large60(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes61(old)than before. This is62(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born

23、 in the US today has63very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should64(place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average he

24、althier65more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.Cloze2（2020·山东新高考卷）Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled an

25、d collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.

26、The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can p

27、lay with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 (accurate) is imp

28、ortant but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45peoples spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.题组二（2019年高考真题）Close1 【2019·浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。There are several reasons why school

29、uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _56_ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in u

30、nexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or _59_ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _60_ (easy) see them.But can uniforms help im

31、prove school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades _62_ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want _63_ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no _64_(connect) between uni

32、forms and school performance.School uniforms are _65_ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.Close 2【2

33、019·北京卷】阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOn the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _1_(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I hav

34、e lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously _2_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.BEarth Day，_4_(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. Firs

35、t celebrated _5_ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various _6_(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endless.

36、CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question _7_(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.

37、 taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _10_(meaning)college experience.题组三（2018年高考真题）【2018·浙江卷

38、】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember

39、59 (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week ma

40、y be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I sugg

41、est that the next time you go to your mums home _65_ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.题组四（2020年名校模拟题）Close 1（2020·陕西汉中·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Since 1949 when t

42、he Peoples Republic of China 1（establish）, and especially since 1978, Chinas transformation from a traditional 2（agriculture）society to a modern industrial society has been greatly accelarated by a rapid industrial restructuring. Chinas industrial structure developed according to the objective of in

43、dustrialization, 3 aimed at the proportion（比例）of agriculture declining ceaselessly, and the proportion of the industrial and service sector increasing continually. 4（current）, the industrial goods produced in China all range from capital goods to consumption goods.Chinas factory outputs extend from

44、textiles （纺织业） to railway, planes and computers. China is the largest producer of inexpensive cotton textiles in the world and exports large 5（quantity） of textiles and clothes. Food processing is very important, and much farm produce is exported. Other industrial products 6（include）television sets,

45、 bicycles, cars, trucks and washing machines are expanding in the world.China has become 7 industrialized country to some extent. The auto and the housing industry, in the process of industrialization have developed by leaps and bounds. The most important export products are machinery and electric e

46、quipment, 8 the most important import products are raw materials. In recent years, Chinas industry 9（compete） internationally, and as a result, the 10（develop）of the countrys industry is increasingly influenced by international economic environments.Close2（2020·四川省泸县第一中学开学考试）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（

47、1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式For Nigel Portman， a love of travelling began with what's called a "gap year" In common with many other British teenagers， he chose11（take） a year out before settling down to study for his degree After doing various12 （job） to raise some money， he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures， visiting America and Asia The more adventurous a young person， the13（great） challenge they are likely to set14（them） for the gap year， and for some， like Nigel， it can result in a thirst for adventureNow that his university course15（come） to an end， Nigel