2021届高考二轮精品专题三 非谓语动词 教师版.docx

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1、专题三××非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。一、非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语表示原因（多用在某

2、些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后），如：We were very excited to hear the news.表示目的（可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首），如：To get there on time I got up very early.表示结果（常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do），如：He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。如：Not

3、knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.（2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。如：Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.（3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（

4、厌烦了）等。如：Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.他陷入深深的思考中，没有听到声音。【典型例题1】Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语是a survey，谓语动词是h

5、as caused，宾语是heated debate。句子结构是完整的，因此我们要选择的只能是非谓语动词形式。“survey”与“compare”之间存在主动关系，因此用现在分词短语作后置定语。【典型例题2】_ for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood.A. PayingB. PaidC. To payD. Being paid【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了支付大学学费，她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭当清洁工。

6、此处表示目的，所以用不定式作目的状语，故C项正确。二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语1.非谓语动词作主语Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.（动名词作主语）To see is to believe.（不定式作主语）It is important to respect people.（不定式短语作主语，It作形式主语）It is no use crying over spilt milk.（动名词短语作主语，It作形式主语）2.非谓语动词作表语（1）动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what

7、引导的问句。（2）不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。3.非谓语动词作宾语：主要是不定式和动名词afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，

8、risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。动词+v-ing作宾语+to do作宾语remember记得曾做过某事记得要做某事forget忘记曾做过某事忘记要做某事try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图/打算做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事做完一件事后，接着做另一件事stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事，去做别的事【典型例题】I dont think it any good _ another talk with him over t

9、he matter.A. hadB. havingC. haveD. to have【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为和他再一次谈这个事情没有任何意义。一般的形式宾语代替的真正宾语都是不定式，但是也有例外，在一些约定俗成的用法中，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动名词放在后面。It is no good doing something就是这样的句型。这里是any good，good是名词，所以后面的宾语用的是动名词。故选B。三、非谓语动词作定语1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。You are the third one to

10、 enter the room.（主谓关系）I have something important to say.（动宾关系）He has no opportunity to go abroad.（同位关系）2.动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。a reading rooma room for reading3.现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。The question being discussed(which is being discussed) now is important.4.过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。The question di

11、scussed(which was discussed) yesterday is important.四、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。如：He pretended not to see me.Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。如：The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。如：I hap

12、pened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。如：The patient asked to be operated on at once.3.动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing En

13、glish troubled him a lot.4.现在分词的完成式和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。如：Having done his homework, he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。如：The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.【典型例题】_ with animals in his fathers zo

14、o when he was young, Peter knows how to keep them under control.A. Growing upB. Having grown upC. Grown upD. Being grown up【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候在父亲的动物园里和动物一起长大，皮特知道如何控制它们。Peter与grow up之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，且grow up这一动作明显发生在knows之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，故B项正确。 （70分钟）经典训练题1、 单项选择1.（2020·江苏卷）Technological i

15、nnovations, good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.A. combined withB. combining withC. having combined withD. to be combined with【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语：be combined with“与结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。2.（2020·天津卷）_ us prepare for the exam, the tea

16、cher suggested reading through our notes.A. To helpB. HelpedC. HelpingD. Being helped【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是为了帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。3.（2020·天津卷）The dancers incredible performance had the audience on its feet _ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.A.

17、being clappedB. clapC. clappedD. clapping【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中，have表示“使处于状态”。_ for 10 minutes作伴随状语，其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故选D。4.（2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.A. combined withB. combining

18、withC. having combined withD. to be combined with【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将增加这些产品的销售。此处是短语be combined with：与结合/联合，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。5.（2019·江苏卷）_ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjo

19、y【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。此处用不定式表目的，故选A。6.（2019·江苏卷）Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries _ its role in international affairs.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. to be recognizedD. recognized【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。more coun

20、tries和recognize之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。二、单句语法填空7.（2020·全国II卷）They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为they represent the earth and best wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且the earth与come back为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作the earth的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填coming。8.（

21、2020·全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为you see them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them代指前文orange trees，与decorate为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填decorated。9.（2020·全国II卷）They are easy (care) for and make great

22、 presents.【答案】to care【解析】考查非谓语动词。sth. is easy to do，表示某事容易，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填to care。10.（2020·全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发去做某事应用短语set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。11.（2020·

23、全国III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故

24、填surrounding。12.（2019·全国II卷）When we got a call _(say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。13.（2019·全国I卷）Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around

25、 human settlements.【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。14.（2019·浙江卷）When the children are walking or _(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。15

26、.（2019·浙江卷）But some students didnt want (wear) the uniform.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。16.（2019·全国III）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the s

27、tars, _(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。三、单句改错17.（2019·全国I卷）All the football players on the playground c

28、heered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 【答案】say改为saying【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有踢足球的天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。18.（2019·全国III卷）If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. 【答案】manage改为managing【解析】考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为：成功做了某事

29、，是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。19.（2018·全国I卷）My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 【答案】sell改成selling【解析】考查动名词。句意：我祖父说去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。20.（2018·全国II卷）As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them,

30、my parents would not to let me. 【答案】watching改为watch【解析】考查非谓语动词的不定式。句意：作为一个孩子，我喜欢看动漫片，但无论我要求多少次，父母都不让我看。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。21.（2018·全国III卷）Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud. 【答案】wait改成waiting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，

31、wait与主语是主动关系，所以wait要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。22. Meet my teacher, after all thirty years in Boston, was an unforgettable moment for me, one I will always treasure. 【答案】Meet改为Meeting【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词是was，故做主语的动词应该用动名词形式。句意：三十年后在波士顿见到我的老师是令人难以忘记的时刻，我将一直珍惜这一时刻。故Meet改为Meeting。23. The government is trying hard t

32、o have the peoples living standard risen. 【答案】risen改为raised【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是have，故后面的动词应该用非谓语动词，因为含有被动，故用过去分词。句意：政府正尽力提高人们的生活标准。故risen改为raised。24. I have a friend is called Kenichi, who has a special ability to communicate with animals. 【答案】删去is【解析】考查动词过去分词形式作后置定语。句意：我有一个叫Kenichi的朋友，他有一种特殊的能力，能够与

33、动物沟通。call的过去分词形式在此处做friend的后置定语。故删去is。 语法填空The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by 25 country is far from over. Many of the fires 26 (send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds. The clouds can help a f

34、ire draw in more air and shift surface winds, 27 (result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 28 (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 29 wildlife. The wildfires are expected 30

35、(continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen 31 (regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 32 (bad). At least 12 million acres have been bu

36、rned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made 33 to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months 34 could have an effect on the planets climate.【答案】25. the26. sent27. resulting28. are found29. to 30. to continue31. regularly32. worse

37、 33. it 34. which【解析】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的森林大火在2020年1月变得更加严重，同时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火灾龙卷风。文章说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。25.考查冠词。country为可数名词，此处特指上文Australia，应用定冠词。故填the。26.考查动词时态。根据后文and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成主动关系。故填sent。27.考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，result在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现

38、在分词。故填resulting。28.考查动词时态及语态。本句主语animals与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数。故填are found。29.考查介词。句意：要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害还需要时间。结合句意表示“对于”，应用介词to。故填to。30.考查非谓语动词。根据短语be expected to do sth.表示预计，后跟不定式。故填to continue。31.考查副词。修饰动词happen，应用副词regularly，表示频繁地。故填regularly。32.考查比较级。句意：然而，气候和自然变化使情况变得更糟。结

39、合句意表示“更糟”应用比较级形式。故填worse。33.考查代词。根据短语make it to表示到达。故填it。34.考查定语从句。句意：烟雾如此之多，可能会在空气中停留数月之久，这可能会对地球的气候产生影响。此处为非限定性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。【点拨】当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词（表一般意义）或不定式形式（表具体意义）；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用

40、现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/notice sb.do/doing sth.，spend doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用­ing形式或不定式，在enjoy，finish等动词后作宾语用­ing形式，在decide，refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。第四步

41、：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。1、 语法填空Fuchsia Dunlop decided to visit China after reading articles about the country for several months. The one-month backpacking trip exposed the English woman 35 a wide range of Chinese food. “The dishes and soups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateri

42、es were better than 36 I had in the U.K.,” Dunlop recalled.The last stop of her trip was Chengdu, 37 capital of southwest Chinas Sichuan Province. Dunlop learned from friends that Sichuan food represents one of Chinas 38 (good) cuisines, and when the spicy flavor of Sichuan pepper exploded in her mo

43、uth, something inside her changed forever.After she returned to London, Dunlop made the decision to study in China at Sichuan University. When she wrote down “studying Chinese 39 (policy) on ethnic groups” on the 40 (apply) form as the reason for a scholarship, what she really had in mind were Sichu

44、an dishes. Her journey eventually led her to become the most knowledgeable English person on Chinese food. She 41 (write) many books on Chinese cuisine since, including Sharks Fin and Sichuan Pepper, which was translated into Chinese in 2018.According to Chen Xiaoqing, 42 (know) for directing the documentary of A Bite of China, Dunlop is the most insightful foreign writer who 43 (vivid) describes Chinese cuisine in an exciting and accurate way. What she presents to the readers is not just food, but also the profound traditions and tremendous chang