2021届高三大题优练10 语法填空 教师版.docx

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1、优选例题A【2021·浙江卷1月】In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 1 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indicat

2、ion of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women and men. In cities, howeve

3、r, the gain 6 (be) 1. 3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between

4、 urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp). This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including 10 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】1. and2. that/which3. persons4. is conside

5、red5. by 6. was 7. studied 8. sharply 9. living 10. lower【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。1.考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rura

6、l areas都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。2.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。3.考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用person的名词所有格persons。故填persons。4.考查动词被动语态。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和conside

7、r是表被动关系，故填is considered。5.考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。6.考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。7.考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和

8、女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。8.考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括收入和教育水平偏低，健康食品成本较高，体育设施不健全。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填livi

9、ng。10.考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。B【2020·全国I卷】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器) the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 11 (touch) down la

10、st week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is 12 (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 13 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The

11、far side of the moon is of particular 14 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so 15 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 16 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientist

12、s,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 17 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 18 (construct).” Data about the moons composition, such as how 19 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 20 (it) plans for a futur

13、e lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】11. touched12. extremely13. where14. interest15. than16. to find 17. means 18. is constructed19. much 20. its【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了中国成功地将无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器发射至月球。11.考查动词。根据句子结构分析可知此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语last week可知此处应用一般过去时，故填touched。12.考查形容词。根据句子成分分析可知此处需要用副词修饰形容词challenging，故填extrem

14、ely。13.考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句“it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth”不缺主谓宾，缺状语，而先行词spot为地点，故填where。14.考查名词。根据be of+名词相当于形容词的结构，可知此处应用名词，故填interest。15.考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，故填than。16.考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式表示目的，故填to find。17.考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处为陈述一般事实，故用一般现在时，且主语为it，故填means。18.考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据句子成分分析可

15、知，此句同上一句的时态，且moon与construct为被动关系，故填is constructed。19.考查固定搭配。how much：多少，故填much。20.考查代词。分析句子可知，此处指它的计划，名词plans可知空格处应用it的形容词性物主代词，故填its。模拟优练ACzech people are really good at celebrating and holding 1 (party). As I graduated this year, I experienced a lot of this firsthand. The greatest event for us was

16、 the prom(毕业舞会) 2 (intend) for graduating students. Many girls started to get their gowns(礼服) ready a month 3 advance. Graduating students also needed to give their “Midnight Surprise”, a group 4 (perform).At the end of April, we held the traditional activity called “The Last Ringing”, which lasted

17、for two days. 5 impressed us most was that some graduates prepared 6 (taste) desserts and food to sell, wearing different costumes.By the end of May, we had finished all of the final exams and we started preparing for the graduation ceremony. It 7 (hold)successfully in the conference hall in our sch

18、ool. Many parents came, too. At 8 ceremony, we got our graduation certificate from our class teacher. When 9 (receive)my certificate, I tried 10 (fight)back my tears I didnt want to say goodbye to my teachers and classmates.【答案】1. parties2. intended3. in4. performance5. What6. tasty7. was held8. the

19、9. receiving10. to fight【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了学生毕业典礼活动以及作者的心理感受。1.考查名词单复数。party（聚会）是可数名词，结合语境可知，此处不止一次聚会，应用复数形式，故填parties。2.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语prom和intend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填intended。3.考查介词。此处是短语in advance：提前，故填in。4.考查名词。根据a，判断此处应填名词单数形式，结合语境，可知此处为一个团队表演，故填performance。5.考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，这里的

20、5 impressed us most是主语从句，本空在从句中作主语，表示让我们印象最深的事情，句子第一个单词的首字母大写，故填What。6.考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应填形容词，修饰名词desert and food，故填tasty（美味的）。7.考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，又此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语It指代上文的graduation ceremony和hold之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was held。8.考查冠词。结合上下文可知，此处特指上文提到的graduation ceremony，应用定冠词修饰，故填the。

21、9.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应填填非谓语动词和when一起构成时间状语，逻辑主语I和receive之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填receiving。10.考查不定式。句意：当我接过毕业证书的时候，我强忍住泪水我不想跟老师和同学说再见。此处是固定短语try to do sth.：努力做某事，故填to fight。BDue to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP), people all over the world are wearing masks 11 (reduce) the risk of infecti

22、on. Its a very simple 12 incredibly effective method to protect oneself from a 13 (various) of harmful things. The fact is 14 masks have been helping mankind for centuries. In the first century, many people in Roman Empire 15 (work) underground in mines to support their families. But most of them su

23、ffered 16 and even eventually died of respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses. To address this problem, Pliny the Elder(23-79 AD), a Roman philosopher and naturalist, recommended the use of animal bladder(膀胱) skins to stop dust from being breathed in. Although primitive, his idea 17 (consider) the very first rec

24、orded mask invention.With several outbreaks of 18 (infect) diseases and the flu, and the rise of pollution caused by industrial waste, the materials in masks have continued to evolve to 19 (well) protect its wearer. For example, in 2012 when China suffered from smog, mask models such as N95 and KN90

25、, which can filter out this fine particulate(微粒) matter, became highly popular. In the future, masks will continue to improve, hopefully 20 will the habits of humans.【答案】11. to reduce12. but13. variety14. that15. worked16. from17. was/is considered18. infectious19. better20. so【解析】这是一篇说明文。由于新型冠状病毒肺炎

26、的爆发，世界各地的人们都戴口罩，以降低感染风险。这是一种非常简单但有效的方法，可以保护自己免受各种有害物质的伤害。文章主要讲述了口罩的发明和改进过程。11.考查非谓语动词。句意：由于新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发，世界各地的人们都戴口罩，以降低感染风险。分析句子结构可知reduce在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语应用不定式。故填to reduce。12.考查连词。句意：这是一种非常简单但有效的方法，可以保护自己免受各种有害物质的伤害。表示简单但有效，前后为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。13.考查名词。句意：这是一种非常简单但有效的方法，可以保护自己免受各种有害物质的伤害。结合句意表示“

27、各种”，短语为a variety of。故填variety。14.考查表语从句。句意：事实上，几个世纪以来，口罩对于人类来说一直很有用。空格处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故应用只起连接作用的that引导。故填that。15.考查动词时态。句意：在公元一世纪，罗马帝国的许多人为了养家糊口都在地下矿井里工作。根据In the first century可知应用一般过去时。故填worked。16.考查介词。句意：但他们中的大多数人都患有甚至最终死于呼吸道疾病。结表示“患病”可知短语为suffer from。故填from。17.考查时态和语态。句意：虽然很原始，但他的想法被认为是最早有记

28、录的口罩发明。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且时态可用一般现在时或一般过去时，故为一般现在时的被动语态或一般过去时的被动语态，主语为idea，谓语动词用单数。故填was/is considered。18.考查形容词。句意：随着几次传染病和流感的爆发，以及工业废料造成的污染的增加，口罩材料不断被改进，以更好地保护佩戴者。修饰后文名词diseases应用形容词infectious，作定语。故填infectious。19.考查比较级。结合句意表示“更好地保护”应用well的比较级better。故填better。20.考查副词。句意：在未来，口罩会不断被改进，希望人类的习惯也会不断改进。此处为“so

29、+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前面描述的情况同样适用于后者。故填so。CThe silent killer air pollution causes seven million premature(过早的) 21 (death) a year, not just in 22 (develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as well. In China, people are well aware of the health problems it brings.I check every part every day. If

30、it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike 23 when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my 24 (perform) at work. A new research in china has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence.

31、In the study, 25,000 people living across China 25 (test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of those 26 lived in more polluted areas were 27 (negative) impacted, especially in languages. It adds to a growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on th

32、e lungs and heart 28 on the brain.This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the 29 (many) problems were storing up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will persuade the British government 30 (think) hard before it publishes its clean air strategy next year.【答案】21.

33、deaths22. developing23. it24. performance25. were tested 26. who27. negatively28. but29. more30. to think【解析】本文是一则新闻报道。无声杀手空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡，不仅在发展中国家，在英国和美国也是如此。最新研究表明，我们接触空气污染的时间越长，我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越多。21.考查名词复数。此处death是指死亡的人数，是可数名词，故用复数形式，故答案为deaths。22.考查形容词。根据后文的英美可知是发展中国家，是形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，故答案为developi

34、ng。23.考查it的用法。句意：我不喜欢空气不好的时候。此处it是形式宾语，when引导的从句是真正的宾语，故答案为it。24.考查名词。此处my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故答案为performance。25.考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：在这项研究中，去年对中国各地的2.5万人进行了语言和数学技能测试。此处句子主语people，和谓语动词test之间是一种被动关系，再根据In the study，是过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为were tested。26.考查定语从句。句意：他们发现，那些生活在污染更严重地区的人表现受到了负面影响，尤其是在语言方面。此处t

35、hose是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。27.考查副词。此处impacted是动词，由副词修饰，故答案为negatively。28.考查固定搭配。句意：越来越多的证据表明，空气污染不仅会影响肺部和心脏，还会影响大脑。not just/only.but(also)：不但而且。故答案为but。29.考查比较级。句意：这项研究表明，我们接触空气污染的时间越长，我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越多。固定结构：the+比较级，the+比较级“越，越”，故答案为more。30.考查动词不定式。句意：活动家希望这项研究能说服英国政府在明年公布其清洁空气战略之前三思。persuade s

36、b. to do sth.：劝说某人做某事。故答案为to think。DEnglish perfectly shows the “network effects” of a global tongue: the more people use it, the more useful it is. Parents expect their children 31 (master) English, which is encouraging the 32 (grow) of private schooling. Education authorities are switching to Engl

37、ish medium, in part to control the outflow(外流) of children into the private sector.Teaching children in English is fine if that is 33 they speak at home and their parents are fluent 34 it. But that is not 35 case in most public and low-cost private schools. Children are taught in a language they don

38、t understand by teachers 36 English is poor. The children learn neither English nor anything else.Research shows that children learn 37 (much) when they are taught in their mother tongue than they do when they are taught in any other language. In a study of children in 12 schools in Cameroon last mo

39、nth, those taught in Kom 38 (do) better than those taught in English in all subjects.English should be an important subject at school, but not 39 (necessary) the language of instruction. Rather than switching to English-medium teaching, governments fearful of 40 (lose) custom(光顾) to the private sect

40、or should look at the many possible ways of improving public schools.【答案】31. to master32. growth33. what34. in35. the36. whose37. more38. did39. necessarily40. losing【解析】这是一篇议论文。短文阐述了儿童教学宜采用母语，而非英语。31.考查动词不定式。expect sb to do sth“期望某人做某事”为固定搭配。故填to master。32.考查名词。the+名词+of.表示“的”。故填growth。33.考查连接代词。分析

41、句子可知，is后接表语从句。在表语从句中，what作speak的宾语。故填what。34.考查介词。be fluent in：在方面流利，为固定短语。故填in。35.考查冠词。this is not the case：情况不是这样，为固定短语。故填the。36.考查关系代词。分析句子可知，teachers为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，所以关系代词为whose。故填whose。37.考查形容词比较级。由than可知，空处应填much的比较级more。故填more。38.考查一般过去时。由last month可知，本句为一般过去时。所以空处填did。故填did。39.考查副词。necessarily为副词修饰整个句子。故填necessarily。40.考查动名词。of为介词后接动名词作宾语。故填losing。