2021届高三大题优练3 阅读理解 说明文 学生版.docx

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1、优选例题【例题】（2020·全国III卷）With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, who lives on the ground floor, while he lives upsta

2、irs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own ki

3、tchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, i

4、t all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together ha

5、d risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents

6、, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expecte

7、d to move in with their husbands family when they get married.28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?A. Nick.B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.29. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?A. Positive.B. Carefree.C. Tolerant.D. Unwillin

8、g.30. What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A. Family traditions.B. Financial reports.C. Published statistics.D. Public opinions.31. What is the text mainly about?A. Lifestyles in different countries.B. Conflicts between generations.C. A housing problem in Britain.D.

9、A rising trend of living in the UK.【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又甚感孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。1.细节理解题。根据第三段“but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中占用一楼。故选B项。2.推理判断题

10、。根据第五段“From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。3.细节理解题。第六段提到官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。第七段则说25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述是基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。4.主旨大意题。通读全文，

11、尤其根据第一段可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又甚感孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国该种生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。模拟优练(一)Human societies developed food preferences based on what was available and what the group decided it liked most. Those preferences were then passed along as socially learned behaviors, values, knowledge and customs

12、 that make up culture. Besides humans, many other social animals are believed to exhibit forms of culture in various ways, too.In fact, according to a new study led by Harvard scientist Liran Samuni, bonobos(倭黑猩猩), one of our closest living relatives, could be the latest addition to the list.The res

13、earchers studied the hunting and feeding habits of two neighboring groups of bonobos in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities in the lives of the two bonobo groupsthe Ekalakala and the Kokoalongo. They also both have the access and opportunity to hunt the s

14、ame kind of prey(猎物). This, however, is precisely where researchers noticed a striking difference.The groups consistently preferred to hunt and feast on two different types of prey. The Ekalakala group went after an anomalure (鳞尾松鼠). The Kokoalongo group on the other hand, favored a duiker(小羚羊).“Its

15、 basically like two human cultures exploiting a common resource in different ways,” says Samuni. “Think about two cultures living close to each other but having different preferences: One prefers chicken while the other is more of a beef-eating culture.”Using statistical modeling, the researchers fo

16、und that the only variable that could reliably predict prey preference was whether the hunters were team Ekalakala or team Kokoalongo.The researchers haven't yet investigated how the bonobo groups learned this hunting preference, but through their analysis they were able to rule out ecological f

17、actors or genetic differences. Basically, it means all evidence points toward this being a learned social behavior.“If our closest living relatives have some cultural traits(特征), then it's likely our ancestors already had some capacity for culture,” Samuni says.5. What do paragraphs 3 and 4 main

18、ly talk about?A. The findings of the study.B. The background of the study.C. The process of the study.D. The challenges of doing the study.6. How does Samuni perceive the two bonobo groups different hunting preferences?A. They are an unusual phenomenon.B. They are a learned social behavior.C. They c

19、ontradict human cultures.D. They show bonobos high intelligence.7. Which of the following could influence the bonobos' prey preference?A. The timing of hunting.B. The communities they belong to.C. Their hunting techniques.D. Their surrounding environment.8. What might the findings of the bonobos

20、' hunting preference indicate?A. When human society was born.B. How human society developed.C. What helped human culture change.D. How human culture first appeared.(二)Masks that helped save lives during the coronavirus pandemic(流行病) are proving a deadly danger for wildlife, with birds and marine

21、 creatures trapped in the incredible number of abandoned facial coverings littering on animal habitats.Single-use surgical masks have been found thrown around pavements, waterways and beaches worldwide since countries began demanding their use in public places to slow the pandemic's spread. Maca

22、ques(猕猴) have been spotted chewing the straps(带子) off old and deserted masks in Malaysia a potential choking danger for the little monkeys. And in an incident that captured headlines in Britain, a gull(海鸥) was rescued in the city of Chelmsford after its legs became tangled（缠结）in the straps of a disp

23、osable mask for up to a week. The animal welfare charity was alerted after the bird was spotted motionless but still alive, and they took it to a wildlife hospital for treatment before its release.The biggest impact may be in the water. More than l. 5 billion masks made their way into the world'

24、s oceans last year. Accounting for around 6,200 extra tons of marine plastic pollution, according to environmental group Oceans Asia. Already there are signs that masks are worsening threats to marine life. Conservationists in Brazil found one inside the stomach of a penguin after its body was washe

25、d up on a beach, while a dead pufferfish(河豚) was discovered caught inside another off the coast of Miami.Masks and gloves are “particularly problematic” for sea creatures，says George Leonard, chief scientist from U. S. -based NGO Ocean Conservancy. "When it takes those plastics hundreds of year

26、s to break down in the environment, they form smaller and smaller particles," he added, "those particles then enter the food chain and impact entire ecosystems."Fortunately, there has been a shift towards greater use of reusable cloth masks as the pandemic has worn on，but many are sti

27、ll choosing the lighter single- use varieties.Campaigners have urged people to throw away them properly and remove the straps to reduce the risk of animals becoming trapped. Oceans Asia has also called on governments to increase fines for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.9. What rol

28、e do masks play during the coronavirus pandemic?A. They keep people free of the pandemicB. They make people look more mysterious.C. They help reduce the speed of the pandemic's spread.D. They are of great helpful to wildlife.10. The author uses the example of Macaques and a gull to show that .A.

29、 the deserted masks put them in dangerB. the animals lack enough foodC. they enjoy playing with the strapsD. it's time for people to protect the animals11. What does “particularly problematic” in Para. 4 mean by George Leonard?A. Marine creatures are in trouble.B. Masks and gloves will finally t

30、hreaten the whole ecosystems.C. The plastics are easy to break down.D. The particles masks and gloves form are smaller and smaller.12. What is the passage is mainly about?A. Animal protectionB. Marine plastic pollutionC. How to reduce the risk of abandoned masksD. The deserted masks endangering wild

31、life(三)As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially cooling the planet, in the hopes of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions.That strategy, called s

32、olar climate intervention (干预) or solar geoengineering, involves reflecting more of the suns energy back into space abruptly reducing global temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions. The idea has been considered as a dangerous and fancied

33、solution, one that would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels while exposing the planet to unexpected and potentially threatening side effects, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires floods and other disasters.But, as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes

34、, wildfires floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in case the consequence of climate change become so terrible that the world cant wait for better solutions.One way to coo

35、l the earth is by injecting aerosols (气溶胶) into the upper layer of the atmosphere where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.“We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet,” he said in a

36、n interview. Whats still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature, MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?” he asked, “What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?”Another ins

37、titution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyze hundreds of simulations of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events withou

38、t causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.13Why do researchers and government agencies work on cooling the earth?ATo prevent natural disasters.BTo win more time to reduce gas emissions.CTo imitate volcanic eruptions.DTo encourage more people to bur fossil fuels.14Wha

39、t are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?AMore volcanoes will throw out.BMore solar energy will go into space.CMore disasters will endanger the future of the world.DPeople will keep burning fossil fuels to keep warm.15What can be inferred from Douglas words in an interview?AHe thin

40、ks more research remains to be done.BHe is optimistic about the effect of cooling the earth.CHe is concerned about the reduction in agriculture production.DHe disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention.16What does the underlined words “sweet spot” in the last paragraph mean?AThe rainf

41、all pattern of a region.BThe modest drop in temperature.CThe number of extreme weather events.DThe injection amount of aerosol.(四)China successfully sent the 52nd and 53rd satellites of its domestically developed BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)the last two medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite

42、s for the BDS-3 constellation (星座)into space on Monday, marking the completion of the global navigation systems core constellation deployment (部署) and this years BDS satellite launch campaign.Launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Sichuan Province, on board a Long March-3B carrier rocket wit

43、h an Expedition-1 upper stage, the two satellites were injected into planned orbits after more than three hours flight.Since the first BDS-3 satellite was launched on November 5, 2017, China has conducted 18 BDS satellite launch missions, successfully sending 30 into their planned orbit, setting a n

44、ational record for highest mission frequency and success rate.In-orbit tests will be carried out before the two MEO satellites are commissioned (正式委托). By then the core constellation for the Chinese global navigation satellite system will be successfully completed.Wang Ping, chief designer of the BD

45、S-3 system, said that the hybrid constellation design, in which three groups of satellitesthe Inclined Geo Synchronous Orbit (IGSO), MEO and geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO)work in concert in different orbits, was an exclusive BDS innovation and a world first. “Existing global navigation satellite s

46、ystems, such as the US GPS and Russias GLONASS, only have a MEO satellite constellation,” said Wang.The MEO satellites, in orbit 20,000 kilometers above Earth, are a special type of satellite providing global service, while the IGSO and GEO satellites, in an orbit 360,000 kilometers above Earth, mai

47、nly enhance regional service quality, according to Wang. That explained why completion of the MEO constellation was significant, marking the completion of the core network for BDS-3, meaning a stable BDS-3 global coverage without weak points has been carried out.Feedback shows that the BDS service q

48、uality was already comparable to GPS since the end of 2018, and after completing BDS-3, “We will be as good as any GNSS.” Wang said.17How many BDS satellites were sent into their planned orbit successfully?A3.B18.C30.D36.18Whats the advantage of BDS compared with GPS and GLONASS?AThe diverse functions.BThe excellent service quality.CThe lower cost of designing it.DThe ability to work in different orbits.19Why are the MEO satellites important?AThey enhance regional service quality.BThey can be put into use immediately.CThey can enter farther orbits.DThey can s