2021届小题必练12 介词和介词短语误用（教师版）.docx

《2021届小题必练12 介词和介词短语误用（教师版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021届小题必练12 介词和介词短语误用（教师版）.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2021届好教育小题必练小题必练12：介词和介词短语误用常考易错点：1）多用介词：可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。2）漏用介词：可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响的影响而用错等。3）错用介词：情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然的用错。分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about，across，after，against，among，around，at，below，beyond，during，in

2、，on等合成介词由两个介词构成的合成词Into，onto，throughout，upon，within等短语介词短语介词according to，because of，instead of，up to，due to，owing to，thanks to等双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among，from behind，from under，till after，in between等分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就而论), including，regarding，concerning等兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like，unlike，near，next，opposi

3、te等1.（2020·全国II卷）Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.【答案】在come后加to【解析】考查介词。来到中国是：come to China，故在come后加to。2.（2020·全国II卷）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together on every day.【答案】去掉on【解析】考查介词。every day为时间状语，

4、不需要加on，故删除on。3.（2019·全国I卷）To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. 【答案】surprising改为surprise【解析】考查固定搭配。“to ones+名词”在句中表示结果，“To ones surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是”。故将surprising改为surprise。4.（2019·全国I卷）From now on, I started to play football with classmates after school.【答案】now改为then【解析】考查固

5、定搭配。句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。且“From now on（从现在开始）”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时，表示“从那时起”是From then on，故将now改为then。5.（2019·全国II卷）When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.【答案】在high school前加in/at【解析】考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/

6、at。6. This cruel suspect of three murder cases is undoubtedly familiar to this area.【答案】to改为with【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这个犯下三桩杀人案的凶残嫌犯一定对这个地区很熟悉。be familiar to sb表示（某物）为某人所熟知，而be familiar with sth.表示某人熟悉某物。根据下文this area可知应用be familiar with，故to改为with。7. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend rush

7、ed to California in search for gold, but in vain.【答案】for改为of或in改为to【解析】考查介词。句意：像其他许多人一样，这个小流浪汉和他的朋友冲到加利福尼亚去寻找金子，但是无功而返。用不定式to search for 表目的，或使用in search of这个介词短语表目的，因此for改为of或将search前面的in改为to。8. Magicians often perform tricks such as like pulling a rabbit out of hat.【答案】去掉like【解析】考查介词用法。such as和lik

8、e都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。9. Do you really want to rent such a flat that is empty except some old pieces of furniture?【答案】在except后加for【解析】考查固定短语。句意：你真想租一套除了旧家具之外几乎空无一物的房子吗？短语except for意为“除了，除去”，后面只接名词短语，表示不同类中的例外。故在except后加for。10. When it was time for dinner, the dining hall was filled of students.【答案】o

9、f改为with【解析】考查固定短语。句意：到了吃晚饭的时间，食堂里挤满了学生。固定短语be filled with：充满，of和full搭配，故of改为with。【技巧点拨】this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。固定词组：arrive at/in（到达），on foot（步行），not.at all（根本不），to the north of（在以北），in the east of（在的东部），in the night（在夜间），at night（在晚上），be afraid of（害怕），be full o

10、f（充满/装满），be filled with（充满/装满），be good/bad for（对有益/有害），be made of（由做成），be made from（由制造），play with（和玩）look out of（朝外面看），at the end of（在末梢/结束时），by the end of（不迟于/到末为止），with the help of或with ones help（在的帮助下），look after（照顾），look for（寻找），on a bike=by bike（骑单车），help sb.with（帮某人做），get on（well）with（与某人相处融洽

11、）。容易混淆的介词固定搭配的词组类型举例差一冠词，大相径庭in front of（在前面) in the front of（在前部）in charge of（负责） in the charge of（由负责）out of question（毫无疑问） out of the question（不可能）at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时） at the table（在桌子旁边）有无介词，意义不同know sb.认识某人 know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.击中某人 shoot at sb.向某人射击search sb.搜身 search for sb.搜寻某人 believe

12、sb.相信某人的话 believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益 benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处画蛇添足，误加介词serve the people 为人民服务（容易在serve后加for） enter the room 进入房间（容易在enter后加into）follow me 跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind） marry sb. 与某人结婚（容易在marry后加withgo abroad 出国（容易在go后面加to） live upstairs 住在楼上（容易在live后面加 in）母语思维，误用介词be caught in

13、the rain 被雨淋着（不用by） leave for some place 动身去某地（不用to）set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for） in the direction 朝着方向（不用to）do a favor for sb. 帮某人一个忙（不用to） different from 和不同（不用with）with the help of 在的帮助下（不用under） steal sth. from sb. 偷某人的东西（不用of）read sth. to sb. 给（为）读（念）（不用for）一、单句改错1. We have to express our

14、 attitude in studying English._ 【答案】in改为to/toward(s)【解析】考查介词。句意：我们必须表达学习英语的态度。attitude后面的介词应用to或者toward(s)，表示“对的态度”。故将in改成to/toward(s)。2. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself._【答案】去掉the【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：起初，我以为我什么都知道，可以自己做决定。固定短语at first表示起初，故去掉the。3. He has a geni

15、us to solving lifes everyday problems, which makes him endearing._【答案】to改为for【解析】考查介词。句意：他有一种解决日常生活问题的天赋，这让他受人喜爱。have a genius for sth.：对有天赋，所以to改成for。4. Except the school, the village has a clinic which was also built with government support._【答案】Except改为Besides【解析】考查介词。句意：除了学校以外，这个村庄还有一个诊所，它也是在政府的

16、支持下建造的。Except表示在整体中除去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内。Besides意为“除了之外（还有）”，即除去的部分也包括在整体之内。故Except改为Besides。5. In case of difficulty, you can reach me at this number. Im always at your service._【答案】在In case后加of【解析】考查固定短语。句意：万一遇到困难的时候你可以打这个号码联系我。我会随时为您服务。In case of表示“万一，要是”，后面要加名词；而In case是连词，后面只能接从句。根据下文difficulty可知

17、应用in case of，故In case后加of。6. Nine out from ten doctors say that this is good medicine._【答案】from改为of【解析】考查介词。表示几个中有几个用：数词+in/out of+数词。7. I wrote to the manager to complain for the quality of the computer I had bought from the store._【答案】for改为about/of【解析】考查介词。句意：我写信给经理投诉我从那家商店买的电脑的质量。对抱怨/投诉：complain

18、about/of，故for改为about/of。8. We refused to let him know any information concerned the research project._【答案】concerned改为concerning【解析】考查介词。句意：我们拒绝让他知道任何有关研究项目的信息。根据句意可知，此处应使用介词concerning（关于）。故concerned改为concerning。9. It makes no difference for me whether you go today or tomorrow._【答案】for改为to【解析】考查介词。句意

19、：你今天去还是明天去对我来说没什么关系。make no difference to sb：对某人没有影响，故for改为to。10. You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins._【答案】of改为in【解析】固定短语be rich in意思是：在充足，充裕。故把of改成in。二、短文改错Passage 1Recently Ive done a survey in our class on my classmates think of ads. The majority of my classmate t

20、ake a positive attitude to ads in that ads do bring us convenient. Other students argue that being largely exposing to ads may lead to the sameness ranging from clothes, shelters to transportation.From my point of the view, I prefer the former opinion to the latter for the following reasons. The fir

21、st reason is rooted in the fact that there was various ads so that people have various choices. Secondly, with ads, that would be difficult to get across a products basic message. However, ads, instead of making people seem to be the same, contributes greatly to peoples better life.【答案】1.第一句，在on后加wh

22、at2.第二句，classmate改为classmates3.第二句，convenient改为convenience4.第三句，exposing改为exposed5.第四句，删去第一个the6.第五句，was改为are7.第六句，with改为without8.第六句，that改为it9.第七句，However改为Therefore/Thus10.第七句，contributes改为contributes【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了作者对广告的看法。1.考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故使用what作引导词。故在on和my之间加上what。2.考查名词的数。同学肯定不止一个。故将classm

23、ate改为classmates。3.考查名词。bring sb sth为固定搭配，意为带给某人某物，此处应使用名词。故将convenient改为convenience。4.考查过去分词。根据being和句意可知此处应为被动的意思，故应该使用expose的被动形式，expose的过去分词为exposed。故将exposing改为exposed。5.考查固定短语。ones point of view为固定搭配，意为：某人的观点，此处不应该有the。故将the删去。6.考查一般现在时。由文章的上下文可知，文章使用的基本时态是一般现在时，此处无特殊情况，也应该使用一般现在时故将was改为is。7.考查

24、介词。句意：没有广告，将很难传达产品的基本信息。此处的意思应该为没有广告，应使用否定词。故将with改为without。8.考查it用法。分析句子可知，此句如果使用that构成从句的话，该句将缺少主语。此处是it做形式主语，后面不定式做真正主语。故将that改为it。9.考查连接副词。由句意，前文讲没有广告的好处，后文仍讲没有广告的好处，知此处没有转折的意味。Therefore和thus都意为因此的意思，有进一步递进解释的意思。故将however改为Therefore或thus。10.考查主谓一致。ads为复数，与之一致，不应该使用动词的第三人称单数形式，故应该将contributes改为co

25、ntribute。Passage 2Last Friday, the students in our school are organized to visit the exhibition on Chinas development. We watched some outstanding achievement in China and a guide gave us unusual introduction to the exhibition. While visiting, they were excited and proud of that our nation had achie

26、ved. After visited the exhibition, we had a class meeting in the classroom. We worked in groups and delivered a short speech on turn, sharing our thoughts on what we have seen. Neither the exhibition or the class meeting is memorable. We will do nothing but to work hard and make contributions to our

27、 country.【答案】1.第一句，are改为were2.第二句，achievement改为achievements3.第二句，在unusual前加an4.第三句，they改为we5.第三句，that改为what6.第四句，visited改为visiting7.第五句，on改为in8.第五句，have改为had9.第七句，Neither改为Whether10.第八句，去掉第一个to【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者学校组织参观关于中国发展的展览，并召开主题班会的事情。1.考查时态。根据时间状语last Friday，此处应该用一般过去时。故将are改为were。2.考查名词的数。此处应使

28、用可数名词复数表示泛指，故将achievement改为achievements。3.考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，introduction是可数名词，这里表示“一个不寻常的介绍”，故将unusual前面加上an。4.考查代词。句意：访问期间，我们为我们国家取得的成就感到兴奋和自豪。此处they指代错误，根据句意和语境，故将they改为we。5.考查宾语从句连接词。分析句子结构可知，of后引导宾语从句，that在宾语从句中不能作achieved的宾语，表示“所的”，故将that改为what。6.考查非谓语动词。根据句中的after可知，其后动词应用-ing形式，故将visited改为visitin

29、g。7.考查介词短语。句意：我们分组工作，依次做了一个简短的演讲。in turn意为“轮流”，故将on改为in。8.考查时态。根据语境可知，see的动作发生在work和deliver之前，故用过去完成时，故将have改为had。9.考查连词。句意：无论是展览还是班会都是值得纪念的。whether.or.意为“无论还是”，故将Neither改为Whether。10.考查介词。句意：我们只有努力工作并且为我们的国家做出贡献。分析句子结构可知，nothing but后跟to do还是do要看主句中是否有实意动词do，如果有，则but后加动词原形，故去掉to。Passage 3Last fall, L

30、iu cross the continent eastward to Toronto to visit his schoolmate. His train started from Vancouver, a city surrounding by mountains. Before confirming his baggages was aboard the train, Liu settled down in his seat. Having the gift for communication, he started chatting with another passenger. Aft

31、er a nice buffet at noon, she was pleased to find that the scenery was impressive. He saw beautifully harbours in the distance. He even managed to catch sight of an eagle flying upward over bushes.Liu arrived Toronto at dawn. Although it was early, but Liu phoned his schoolmate at once instead of wa

32、iting for him to come. They had a good time played together.【答案】1.第一句，cross改为crossed2.第二句，surrounding改为surrounded3.第三句，Before改为After4.第三句，baggages改为baggage5.第四句，the改为a6.第五句，she改为he7.第六句，beautifully改为beautiful8.第八句，在arrived后加in9.第九句，去掉but10.第十句，played改为playing【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了刘去多伦多看望同学的经过。1.考查动词时态。句意：去

33、年秋天，刘穿过大陆向东去多伦多看望他的同学。根据上文Last fall可知应用一般过去时，故cross改为crossed。2.考查非谓语动词。句意：他的火车从温哥华出发，温哥华是一个群山环绕的城市。本句中surround与city构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故surrounding改为surrounded。3.考查介词。句意：在确认行李已经上了火车后，刘在座位上坐了下来。根据句意可知表示“在之后”，故Before改为After。4.考查名词的数。baggage为不可数名词，统指行李。故baggages改为baggage。5.考查冠词。句意：因为天性喜欢与人交流，他开始和另一位乘客聊起天来。短语

34、have a gift for.“有天赋”，故the改为a。6.考查人称代词。句意：中午吃了一顿丰盛的自助餐后，他很高兴地发现那里的景色令人印象深刻。此处指上文Liu，故she改为he。7.考查形容词。句意：他看到远处美丽的港口。harbours为名词，需用形容词修饰，故beautifully改为beautiful。8.考查固定短语。句意：黎明时分，刘抵达多伦多。短语arrive in：到达；抵达。故在arrived后添加in。9.考查固定用法。although引导让步状语从句，不与but连用。故去掉but。10.考查固定短语。句意：他们在一起玩得很开心。本句中play与they为主动关系，故played改为playing。