名词性从句规则汇编高考英语语法复习.doc

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1、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句类别用法例句名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.表语：The fact is that he has

2、not been seen recently.同位语：The fact (that he has not been seen recently) disturbs everyone in his office.形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.名词性that-从句That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.Its a pity that you should have to le

3、ave.用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that 很明显b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that已决定名词性从句类别用法例句名词性that-从句That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末It is quite clea

4、r that the whole project is doomed to failure.Its a pity that you should have to leave.用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that 很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been d

5、ecided that 已决定c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that事实是d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想起名词性从句类别用法例句名词性wh-从句连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose, which,whichever连接副词:when,where,why,how充当介词

6、宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等主语:How the book will sell depends on its author.直接宾语:In ones own home one can do what one likes.间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.表语:My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语:I have no idea when he will re

7、turn.形容词宾语:Im not sure why she refused their invitation.介词宾语:That depends on where we shall go.Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末It is not yet decided who will do that job.It remains unknown when they are going to get married.名词性从句类别用法例句if, whether引导的名词从句比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if

8、 取代：1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有“or not”1) yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同主语: Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.表语：The point is w

9、hether we should lend him the money.同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.形容词宾语：Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come.介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.2) 选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheror not构成Please tell me whe

10、ther / if they are Swedish or Danish. I dont care whether you like the plan or not.名词性从句类别用法例句否定转移1)将think, believe, suppose,expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you

11、 werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2)将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having)Its not a place wh

12、ere anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)7