_Unit 15 基础知识（词汇 短语 句型）学案-高考英语一轮复习北师大版必修五.doc

《_Unit 15 基础知识（词汇 短语 句型）学案-高考英语一轮复习北师大版必修五.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《_Unit 15 基础知识（词汇 短语 句型）学案-高考英语一轮复习北师大版必修五.doc（13页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高考英语一轮基础知识复习（词汇+句型+语法）（北师大版 必修五 unit 15）1.suspect v.怀疑;不信任;觉得n.可疑分子,犯罪嫌疑人adj.可疑的;靠不住的I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好,但这仍然使我喉头哽咽,让我想哭。知识延伸A.suspect (that)+从句 怀疑 suspect sb

2、 of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事be suspected of doing sth被怀疑做某事B.suspicious adj.可疑的,怀疑的,疑惧的be suspicious about/of sth/sb怀疑某事/某人 it is/was suspected that.有人怀疑suspiciously adv.怀疑地,可疑地知识运用A.She suspected one of her three daughtersthen ten,eight,and sixhad picked it up,but the girls said they hadnt. B.In S

3、amarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected drug dealing.C.The young mans hesitant answer to those questions made the police (suspect). D.人们怀疑那个年轻人在撒谎。 the young man is telling a lie. 2.instruct v.指导,教导;

4、指示,命令I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网。我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。知识延伸A.as instructed按照指示instruct sb in sth指导/教导某人某事 instruct sb to do sth指示某人做某事instruct sb that sb (should) do st

5、h命令某人做某事B.instruction n.用法指南;指示instructor n.教师,讲师 instructive adj.增长知识的;富有教育意义的follow the instructions按照说明操作 ignore/carry out sbs instructions 忽视/执行某人的命令 under instructions按指令知识运用A.Turn to an online (instruct) for help.B.Not feeling well,the president instructed his secretary (cancel) all the arrang

6、ements. C.班主任说明不应该把手机带进教室。Our headteacher instructs that no mobile phone into the classroom. D.在一些经验丰富的农民指导我们如何辨别生的西瓜和熟的西瓜后我们开始干活了。After some experienced farmers ripe melons from green ones,we started to work. 3.bury v.埋葬So many people think that after you retire,all you can do is swi

7、tch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.所以很多人认为退休后你能做的就是关闭大脑,埋葬所学过的任何东西。知识延伸bury oneself in (doing) sth埋头(做)某事 bury ones face in ones hands双手掩面be buried in (doing) sth专心(做)某事 be buried in thought深思,沉思知识运用A.After failing the exam,Jim buried (he) in his study. B.When these organi

8、sms die,they bury carbon the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.C. (bury) in studying his new machine,Professor Cheng sometimes even forgets to have his meals. D.高中时,我常常和同学们专心训练英语口语,以便我能很好掌握它。During my senior high,I would spoken English with my classmates

9、so that I had a good grasp of it. 4.distinguish vi.& vt.辨别;区别;显示的差别;使有所不同If the room hadnt been dark,he would have distinguished the two pictures.如果不是房间很暗,他就区分开那两张照片了。知识延伸A.distinguish between.and.区别/辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于distinguish oneself (as.)(作为)使出众;使著名be distinguished for sth以而著称B.d

10、istinguished adj.有尊严的,高贵的;卓越的;杰出的知识运用A.As far as I know,she has already distinguished (she) as an athlete. B.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball football and basketballC.No one will ever know what mix of talent,ambition,energy and luck made Dickens such a (distinguish) writer.D.在帮助

11、农民们收获西瓜的活动中,我们学会了辨别哪种西瓜可能尝起来美味。  5.alternative adj.非传统的;另类的;可供替代的 n.可供选择的事物Jack had a “traditional” education and Nicholas had an “alternative” one.杰克接受了“传统”教育,尼古拉斯接受了“非传统”教育。知识延伸an alternative use/way/route/road可供选择的用途/方法/路线/路the only alternative唯一的选择have no alternative but to do sth除做某事外别无选择a

12、n alternative method of (doing) sth做某事的其他方法知识运用A.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But (alternative) explanations are hard to find. B.在长江和泰山这两个供选择的旅行中,我想向你推荐前者。 ,the Yangtze River and Mount Tai,the former is what Id like to recommend to you. 

13、;6.reputation n.名誉,名声Due to the limited number of places and our excellent reputation,students should apply early.由于名额有限,我们声誉卓著,学生应及早申请。知识延伸have a reputation of有名声have a good/bad reputation for因而有好/坏名声知识运用A.虽然这里只有几个人知道他,但他在国外的名气却很大。Although he is known to only a few people here, is very great. 

14、B.我们学校因帮助每位学生都能恰当地发展而有好的声誉。Our school helping each student developing properly. C.王叔叔的主要职责是测量体温和检查出入通行证,以其热心帮助他人而著称。Uncle Wang whose main duty is to measure body temperature and check the passes for exit and entry his passion to help others. 7.lack v.& n.缺乏,没有,不足I know that I wasnt a w

15、illing student and I shouldnt have been so difficult at school,but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.我知道自己不是个乐于助人的人,本来不该这么叛逆,但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。知识延伸A.lack sth缺少某物 lack for nothing应有尽有a (complete/distinct) lack of.(完全/明显)缺乏for/through lack of.因为缺少 no lack of不缺少B.lacking adj.短缺的,缺乏的 be

16、 lacking in.缺少知识运用A.This is what motivation or the lack it can do.(2019·全国卷,七选五) B. (lack) a mirror image in the mother who raised me,I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. C.At last she realized that she failed because she was lacking confidence. D.即使你有一个极好的计划,缺少行动必然一事无

17、成。Even if you have an excellent plan, is sure to lead to nothing. 8.access n.通道;方法;(使用或见到的)机会,权利The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn作为老师,你可以在孩子们心灵顿开,渴望学习时进入他们的思想。知识延伸A.have access to拥有的机会或权利the only access to到的唯一途径get/g

18、ain access to得到的机会或权利B.accessible adj.易受影响的;易接近的,可进入的;易理解的accessibly adv.可到达地;可接近地;可使用地;可进入地be accessible to容易进入,容易接近知识运用A.Depending on which role you choose,you could help to increase a communitys access safe drinking water,or help to protect valuable local cultures.B.The Turners chose to purchase

19、a house there because there was a school which was easily (access) from their neighbourhood. C.成人礼使我们可以观看校友与疾病斗争的录像带。The coming-of-age ceremony made us a video featuring alumnus fighting against the disease. 9.worthwhile adj.值得努力的,值得花时间的And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child l

20、ike Graham into such a successful adult,then I know what Im doing is worthwhile.如果我作为老师所做的工作能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成如此成功的一个成年人,那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。知识延伸be worthwhile值得 be worthwhile to do/doing值得做知识运用A.Melissa,his daughter,felt it more than worthwhile (save) his music,to which she fell asleep each night when

21、 she was young.用worthwhile,worth或worthy填空B.Want to explore new cultures,meet new people and do something at the same time?C.Their achievements are of the highest praise. D.The good news is that its simple to learn and can be the effort.10.ignore vt.忽视,不顾The church and many people tended to igno

22、re the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.教会和许多人经常忽视事实,不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切。知识延伸A.ignore ones advice/warning 不理会某人的建议/警告ignore ones remarks/protests 不理睬某人的话/抗议B.ignorance n.无知,不知ignorant adj.无知识的;不知道的;粗野的 show ignorance of/about sth表明对的无知be ignorant of/about对无

23、知知识运用A.Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should (ignore). B.Sometimes (ignore) and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.C.Those children swimming in the river were compl

24、etely ignorant the hidden danger. D.毫无疑问,没有人应该忽视劳动在我们成长过程中起的重要作用。Without doubt,nobody should that labor plays in our growth. 11.urge v.催促,力劝;强烈要求n.强烈的欲望,冲动At first,people approved of his studies and urged him to continue.刚开始,人们赞同他的研究,并催促他继续知识延伸A.urge sb to do sth/urge sb into doing sth 强烈要

25、求某人做某事urge sth on/upon sb对某人强调某事 have an urge to do sth有做某事的强烈愿望urge that.(从句用should do,should可以省略)催促某人(应该)做某事B.urgent adj.紧急的,紧迫的urgently adv.紧急地,紧迫地 urgency n.紧急的事知识运用A.In this situation,new generation operation support system standards are (urge) required. B.We at the NYFC need broad support

26、 as we urge Congress (increase) farmland conservation.C.Those volunteers working for the organisation feel urge to learn the skills in first aid. D.托马斯的妈妈催促他了解一些人工智能的知识。Thomass mother something about AI. 12.inspire v.启发,鼓舞But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great sc

27、ientists and philosophers after him,he was wrong at times.但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他之后的许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物,有时也会出错。知识延伸A.inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事 inspire sb with sth=inspire sth in sb激励/鼓舞某人B.inspiration n.灵感,好主意,鼓舞人的人或事 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的inspired adj.品质优秀的,能力卓越的 an inspiration to/for sb鼓舞或激励某人的人或事知识运用A.The u

28、nmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name (inspire) by an ancient Chinese moon goddess.B.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an (inspire)to her familyand thats pretty powerful.C.If a poet has no rich life experience,he cant write (inspire) poems. D.我们的历史老师经常给我们讲一些历史上的鼓舞人心的故事,并激励我们为国家做出贡献。

29、0; 13.adapt vt.(使)适应;改编vi.适应,适合For a start,it would be hard adapting to a new culture.首先,难以适应一种新的文化。知识延伸A.adapt.to.使适应adapt oneself to适应 be well adapted to特别适应 adapt.from.由改编B.adaptable adj.能适应的,适应性强的 adaptation n.改编(本);适应 知识运用A.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to (live) at high altitudes.

30、B.On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of (adapt)not to air or to food,but to the oceanC.Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and adapt (they) to the reality. D.我写这封信是要邀请你就改编自我们的英语教科书的短剧假如给我三天光明给我们提一些建议。I a

31、m writing this letter to invite you to give us some advice on the short play “Three Days to See”,which our English textbook. 14.lay off 裁员;解雇;停止;别再打扰Three months ago,when my manager told me that I would be laid off,my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger. 三个月前,当经理告诉我我下岗了时,我的脑海一片空白,怒火

32、满腔。知识延伸A.lay out展开,布置,花费lay up搁置不用 lay down放下;规定,制定 lay aside把放在一边B.lieliedlied 撒谎lielaylain 躺,位于 laylaidlaid 放置,产卵知识运用A.But the bottom line is that I shouldnt lie my kidsB.Many employees were laid because of the lack of new orders. C.爸爸一到家就把他给儿子买的东西摆放在桌子上。The instant Dad returned home,he what

33、he bought for his son on the table. 15.tend to 往往会;倾向于The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed教会和许多人经常忽视事实,不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切。知识延伸A.tend to/towards倾向于 tend to sb照顾某人;照料某人B.have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向have a

34、tendency for有的倾向 there is a tendency for sb to do sth某人有做某事的倾向知识运用A.However,boys tended (play) with more complex puzzles than girls.B.人们往往会对他们周围的美视而不见。People blind to the beauty around them. 16.approve of 赞成,赞许;批准At first,people approved of his studies and urged him to continue.刚开始,人们赞同他的研究,并催促

35、他继续知识延伸approval n.同意,赞成,认可 approvingly adv.赞成地,同意地with/without approval of 经/未经的批准 meet with ones approval 得到某人的同意知识运用A.It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public (approve) they get online,often through “likes”.B.Though not everyone approved the new dance,saying it was

36、 a little too shocking,the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular. C.经过激烈的讨论,我们班主任批准了我们制作视频以记录我们在学校的经历。After a heated discussion,our head teacher a video to record our experiences at school. 17.as if引导表语从句I felt as if I had done something wrong!我感觉好像自己犯了错!知识延伸A.sb feels as if.

37、表示“某人感觉到好像”,as if引导表语从句。B.在as if引导的从句中,应根据情况确定是否应用虚拟语气。如果和事实相符用真实语气,如果和事实不符则应用虚拟语气。知识运用A.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she (be) their own mother. B.我并没感觉好像我需要跟上别的人。I didnt feel I needed to keep up with anybody else. C.老师和我们谈话就好像他已经知道了那件事。The teacher t

38、alked with us as if he about that. D.我的英语说得很流利,以至于我的英国同学感觉我就像是说英语的本地人。I speak English so fluently that my English classmates an English native speaker. 18.“get+过去分词”表示被动I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages g

39、et sent and answered.我让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网。我真的喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。知识延伸句中get sent and answered意为“(信息)传送和回复”,“get+过去分词”在句中表示被动,译作“被,变得,成状态”。知识运用A.In India,particularly outside cities,young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get (marry).B.You do not have to be a fan of football

40、to get (catch) up in the excitementC.It was so good to feel (accept) for what Im good at.19.since引导时间状语(从句)的句型I havent seen Mr Jenkins since I left school but I often think about him.我毕业以来一直没见过詹金斯先生,但我经常想起他。知识延伸句中I havent seen.since.是一个含有since的句型,表示“自从以来我没见过”。知识运用A.Its been years they were dusty lit

41、tle rooms with booksB.来自中国的我从很小的时候就一直完全融入包括中国画在内的中国传统文化。 Coming from China,I completely in traditional Chinese culture including Chinese paintings since I was pretty young. 20.should have done本该做而未做The government should have put more money towards science education.政府本应该给自然科学的教育多拨些款。知识运用A当然,我本来

42、是能问问她的,但某件事却阻止我而没能这么做。Sure,I her,but something prevented me from doing so. B.灯突然熄灭了,一定是灯泡烧坏了。 The lights suddenly went off.The bulb out. C.你本不必住宾馆,我可以为你提供住宿。You in the hotel.I could put you up. D.现在很滑,你无法骑车回家了。是很滑!我本不该骑车来这儿的。Its now so slippery that you cant ride back home.So it is!I

43、my bike here. 参考答案1.A.thatB.ofC.suspiciousD.Its suspected that2.A.instructorB.to cancelC.should be takenD.instructed us how to distinguish3.A.himselfB.inC.BuriedD.bury myself in practicing4.A.herselfB.fromC.distinguishedD.During the activity of helping the farmers harvest watermelons,we learn t

44、o distinguish what kind of watermelon might taste delicious.5.A.alternativeB.Of the two alternative trips6.A.his reputation abroadB.has a good reputation forC.have a good reputation for7.A.ofB.LackingC.inD.lacking doing8.A.toB.accessibleC.have an access to9.A.to saveB.worthwhileC.worthyD.worth10.A.b

45、e ignoredB.ignoranceC.of/aboutD.ignore the important role11.A.urgentlyB.to increaseC.anD.urged him to learn/into learning/urged that he learn12.A.was inspiredB.inspirationC.inspiringD.Our history teacher often tells us some inspiring stories in history and inspires us to make contributions to our country.13.A.livingB.adaptationC.themselvesD.was adapted from14.A.toB.offC.laid out15.A.to playB.tend to be16.A.approvalB.ofC.approved of us making17.A.w