未成年人前科消灭制度研究_蒋继坤.docx
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1、未成年人前科消灭制度研究 重庆大学硕士学位论文 (专业学位) 学生姓名:蒋继坤 指导教 师 : 陈 忠 林 教 授 学位类别:法律硕士 重庆大学法学院 二 _二年四月 Research on the Elimination System of Juvenile Criminal Records A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Professional Degree By Jiang Jikun Supervised by Prof. Chen
2、 Zhonglin Specialty: Juris Master Law school of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China April, 2012 摘 要 前科是一个人曾经有犯罪的法律事实,基于前科,可以剥夺或者限制犯罪人 的某种权利和资格,从而在一定程度上起到特殊预防的目的。然而前科的存在, 无疑给犯罪人永久性的贴上了 “ 犯罪人 ” 的标签 ,让那些彻底悔改的前科人永远无法 摆脱耻辱的犯罪记录。最高人民法院在人民法院第三个五年改革纲要 (2009-2013)中明确提出 “ 配合有关部门有条件地建立未成年人轻罪记录消灭制 度,明确其条件、期限
3、、程序和法律后果 ” ,由此,探索建立未成年人前科消灭制 度成为司法界工作的重点。伴随着少年司法改革的进一步深入,未成年人前科消 灭 制度的构建也成为必然趋势。 2011年刑法修正案(八)的颁布,标志着我国从 立法上正式确定了免除未满 18周岁未成年人所犯轻罪报告义务,但没有就有关期 限,程序等内容作出明确规定。但是免除前科报告义务只是未成年人前科消灭制 度的一个方面,仅仅免除未成年人前科报告义务还不够。前科给未成年犯罪人带 来的严重不利后果仍未得以消除。 未成年人前科消灭制度的构建不仅是我国刑罚消灭领域的一大突破,更将是 少年司法改革的一大成果,也会是社会保护未成年人理念的重大胜利。笔者在综
4、 合分析未成年人前科消灭制度的理论根据,实践中必要 性、可行性的基础上,以 探索出一套切实可行的操作程序及相关配套制度。 本文的论述分为四大部分: 第一部分,通过探讨前科有关的概念和理论,明确前科制度存在的价值及其 不利后果,然后对比分析前科消灭的概念,并对前科消灭与前科不报告进行了区 分和说明,为后文的分析探讨奠定理论基础。 第二部分,分为两个板块来对未成年人前科消灭制度的现状进行考察分析。 第一个板块为国外未成年人前科消灭制度考察,对几个有代表性的国家(或组织) 对该制度的规定详细阐述,为我们国家未成年人前科消灭制度的构建提供一些借 鉴。第二个板块为国内 司法实践探索的考察,分别将各地司法
5、实践的情况予以总 结,为后文的制度设计做铺垫。 第三部分,对构建我国未成年人前科消灭制度的必要性与可行性进行详细分 析。必要性分析是为了明确为什么要构建未成年人前科消灭制度,也就是说构建 未成年人前科消灭制度有什么重大意义。随后进行了制度构建的可行性分析,从 理论、法律、未成年犯罪人的特殊性以及前科消灭的实践情况等四个方面探讨了 我国 a前构建未成年人前科消灭制度的可行性。 第四部分,是对构建未成年人前科消灭制度的设想,从未成年人前科消灭制 I 度的适用条件、未成年人前科消灭的方式、未成年人前科消灭的程序、未成年人 前科消灭的法律后果以及构建未成年人前科消灭制度的配套措施等五个方面,详 细阐述
6、了整个制度的构建设想,以期对我国未成年人前科消灭制度的建立和完善 提出一些建议和思路。 最后,笔者做一总结,并对未成年人前科消灭制度在我国的建立和完善进行 了展望。 关键词:前科,前科消灭,未成年人前科消灭制度,构建设想 ABSTRACT The criminal record is that a person has the legal facts of the crime which plays a special objective of prevention to a certain extent based on its deprivation or restriction of c
7、ertain rights and entitlements of the perpetrators. However, there is no doubt that the existence of criminal records label McriminalM labels to the perpetrators, so that the repentances who have the criminal records will never be able to get rid of the stigma of a criminal record. Supreme Peoples C
8、ourt put forward clearly to conditionally building the system of eliminating minor misdemeanor records matching up with the relevant departments, making its conditions, duration, procedures and legal consequences definitely in the Peoples Court Third Five-Year Reform Program (2009-2013), which makin
9、g the exploring of the establishment of the criminal records of minors eliminate system become the focus of the work of the judiciary. And we also believe the establishment of the system becomes an inevitable trend with further reform of juvenile justice, minor criminal record Abolishment. The promu
10、lgation of the 2011 Criminal Law Amendment (Eight) indicates that China has legislation to formalize the obligations of exempting the misdemeanor reporting committed by minor less than 18 years of age, although not making specific provisions on the relevant period, the program content. But the oblig
11、ations of removing the criminal record reporting is just one aspect of the eliminating the Minors Criminal Record system, which is not enough because that the serious adverse consequences of Criminal record to the juvenile perpetrators yet to be eliminated. The establishment of Minors criminal recor
12、d Abolishment is not only a major breakthrough in the eradication of our penalty field, more will be a major achievement of the juvenile justice reform, and will be a major victory of the concept of social protection of minors. The author explores a practical operating procedures and related systems
13、 in the comprehensive analysis of the Minors Criminal Record Elimination System theory and on the basis of the social necessity, feasibility in practice. The exposition of this paper is divided into four parts: In the first part, get to know the value of criminal record system and its adverse conseq
14、uences, then contrast and analysis the concept of the elimination of criminal records, and explain the distinction between the eradication of criminal record and not reporting criminal record by exploring the concepts and theories of criminal record, m which lays the theoretical foundation for later
15、 analysis Discussion. In the second part, inspect and analysis the status of the system on eliminating the minors criminal record by two sections. The first section, inspect the Elimination system of foreign minors criminal record and elaborate on the system requirements of a few representative coun
16、tries, to provide some reference to our national minors criminal record Abolishment. In the second section, investigate to explore the domestic judicial practice, respectively summarize the judicial practice of each region, laying the groundwork for the later system design. In the third part, detail
17、ed analysis to the necessity and feasibility of building the Elimination system of minor criminal records in China. The analysis for the necessity is to clear the reason of building the minor criminal record eradication system that is the great significance of constructing the system. Followed by a
18、feasibility analysis of the system building from four aspects, respectively, the theory ,the law, the special nature of juvenile delinquent and the practice in criminal records eliminated, etc. to explore the feasibility of building minors criminal record Elimination System. In the fourth part, imag
19、ine building the minor criminal record eradication system, which consists of five aspects: the applicable conditions, the manners, the programs, the law consequences and the supporting measures of the Elimination System of the Minors Criminal Records. Elaborate on the envisaging of the whole system,
20、 in order to make some suggestions and ideas on system building and improvement of the Chinas Elimination System of the Minors Criminal Records. Finally, the author make a summary and a forecast of the establishment and improvement about the Elimination System of Minors Criminal Records in China. Ke
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