Data基本数据结构教学资料.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。Data基本数据结构-DataStructures基本数据结构Dictionaries字典PriorityQueues堆GraphDataStructures图SetDataStructures集合Kd-Trees线段树NumericalProblems数值问题SolvingLinearEquations线性方程组BandwidthReduction带宽压缩MatrixMultiplication矩阵乘法DeterminantsandPermanents行列式ConstrainedandUnconstr

2、ainedOptimization最值问题LinearProgramming线性规划RandomNumberGeneration随机数生成FactoringandPrimalityTesting因子分解/质数判定ArbitraryPrecisionArithmetic高精度计算KnapsackProblem背包问题DiscreteFourierTransform离散Fourier变换CombinatorialProblems组合问题Sorting排序Searching查找MedianandSelection中位数GeneratingPermutations排列生成GeneratingSubse

3、ts子集生成GeneratingPartitions划分生成GeneratingGraphs图的生成CalendricalCalculations日期JobScheduling工程安排Satisfiability可满足性GraphProblems-polynomial图论-多项式算法ConnectedComponents连通分支TopologicalSorting拓扑排序MinimumSpanningTree最小生成树ShortestPath最短路径TransitiveClosureandReduction传递闭包Matching匹配EulerianCycle/ChinesePostmanEu

4、ler回路/中国邮路EdgeandVertexConnectivity割边/割点NetworkFlow网络流DrawingGraphsNicely图的描绘DrawingTrees树的描绘PlanarityDetectionandEmbedding平面性检测和嵌入GraphProblems-hard图论-NP问题Clique最大团IndependentSet独立集VertexCover点覆盖TravelingSalesmanProblem旅行商问题HamiltonianCycleHamilton回路GraphPartition图的划分VertexColoring点染色EdgeColoring边染

5、色GraphIsomorphism同构SteinerTreeSteiner树FeedbackEdge/VertexSet最大无环子图ComputationalGeometry计算几何ConvexHull凸包Triangulation三角剖分VoronoiDiagramsVoronoi图NearestNeighborSearch最近点对查询RangeSearch范围查询PointLocation位置查询IntersectionDetection碰撞测试BinPacking装箱问题Medial-AxisTransformation中轴变换PolygonPartitioning多边形分割Simpli

6、fyingPolygons多边形化简ShapeSimilarity相似多边形MotionPlanning运动规划MaintainingLineArrangements平面分割MinkowskiSumMinkowski和SetandStringProblems集合与串的问题SetCover集合覆盖SetPacking集合配置StringMatching模式匹配ApproximateStringMatching模糊匹配TextCompression压缩Cryptography密码FiniteStateMachineMinimization有穷自动机简化LongestCommonSubstring最

7、长公共子串ShortestCommonSuperstring最短公共父串DPDynamicProgramming动态规划recursion递归编程词汇A2AintegrationA2A整合abstract抽象的abstractbaseclass(ABC)抽象基类abstractclass抽象类abstraction抽象、抽象物、抽象性access存取、访问accesslevel访问级别accessfunction访问函数account账户action动作activate激活active活动的actualparameter实参adapter适配器add-in插件address地址addresss

8、pace地址空间address-ofoperator取地址操作符ADL(argument-dependentlookup)ADO(ActiveXDataObject)ActiveX数据对象advanced高级的aggregation聚合、聚集algorithm算法alias别名align排列、对齐allocate分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器anglebracket尖括号annotation注解、评注API(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)应用(程序)编程接口appdomain(applicationdomain)应用域application应用、应

9、用程序applicationframework应用程序框架appearance外观append附加architecture架构、体系结构archivefile归档文件、存档文件argument引数(传给函式的值)。参见parameterarray数组arrowoperator箭头操作符ASP(ActiveServerPage)活动服务器页面ASP.NETworkerprocessASP.NET工作者进程assembly装配件、配件assemblylanguage汇编语言assemblymanifest装配件清单assert(ion)断言assign赋值assignment赋值、分配assign

10、mentoperator赋值操作符associated相关的、相关联的associativecontainer关联式容器(对应sequentialcontainer)asynchronous异步的atomic原子的atomicoperation原子操作attribute特性、属性authenticationservice验证服务authorization授权audio音频A.I.人工智能B2BintegrationB2B整合、B2B集成(business-to-businessintegration)background背景、后台(进程)backwardcompatible向后兼容、向下兼容b

11、ackup备份backupdevice备份设备backupfile备份文件bandwidth带宽baseclass基类basetype基类型batch批处理BCL(baseclasslibrary)基类库binary二进制binarysearch二分查找binarytree二叉树binaryfunction双参函数binarylargeobject二进制大对象binaryoperator二元操作符binding绑定bit位bitmap位图bitwise按位.bitwisecopy为单元进行复制；位元逐一复制,按位拷bitwiseoperation按位运算block块、区块、语句块bookkee

12、ping簿记boolean布林值(真假值，true或false)border边框boundschecking边界检查boxing装箱、装箱转换brace(curlybrace)大括号、花括号bracket(squarebrakcet)中括号、方括号breakpoint断点browserapplications浏览器应用(程序)browser-accessibleapplication可经由浏览器访问的应用程序build编连(专指编译和连接built-in内建、内置bus总线business业务、商务(看场合)businessLogic业务逻辑businessrules业务规则buttons按钮

13、bug臭虫by/through通过byte位元组(由8bits组成)cache高速缓存calendar日历call调用callback回调call-levelinterface(CLI)调用级接口(CLI)calloperator调用操作符candidatekey候选键(fordatabase)cascadingdelete级联删除(fordatabase)cascadingupdate级联更新(fordatabase)casting转型、造型转换catalog目录chain链(functioncalls)character字符characterformat字符格式characterset字符

14、集CHECKconstraintsCHECK约束(fordatabase)checkpoint检查点(fordatabase)checkbox复选框checkbutton复选按钮childclass子类CIL(commonintermediatelanguage)通用中间语言、通用中介语言class类classdeclaration类声明classdefinition类定义classderivationlist类继承列表classfactory类厂classhierarchy类层次结构classlibrary类库classloader类装载器classtemplate类模板classtempl

15、atepartialspecializations类模板部分特化classtemplatespecializations类模板特化classification分类clause子句clientapplication客户端应用程序clientcursor客户端游标(fordatabase)codepage代码页cleanup清理、清除CLI(CommonLanguageInfrastructure)通用语言基础设施client客户、客户端clientarea客户区client-server客户机/服务器、客户端/服务器clipboard剪贴板clone克隆CLS(commonlanguagespe

16、cification)通用语言规范codeaccesssecurity代码访问安全COFF(CommonObjectFileFormat)通用对象文件格式collection集合COM(ComponentObjectModel)组件对象模型combobox组合框commandline命令行comment注释commit提交(fordatabase)communication通讯compatible兼容compiletime编译期、编译时compiler编译器component组件compositeindex复合索引、组合索引(fordatabase)compositekey复合键、组合键(fo

17、rdatabase)composition复合、组合concept概念concrete具体的concreteclass具体类concurrency并发、并发机制constraint约束(fordatabase)configuration配置、组态connection连接(fordatabase)connectionpooling连接池console控制台constant常量construct构件、成分、概念、构造（forlanguage）constructor(ctor)构造函数、构造器container容器containment包容context环境、上下文control控件cookie(不

18、译)copy拷贝CORBA通用对象请求中介架构(CommonObjectRequestBrokerArchitecture)cover覆盖、涵盖create/creation创建、生成crosstabquery交叉表查询(fordatabase)CRTP(curiouslyrecurringtemplatepattern)CTS(commontypesystem)通用类型系统cube多维数据集(fordatabase)cursor光标cursor游标(fordatabase)custom定制、自定义data数据dataconnection数据连接(fordatabase)DataControl

19、Language(DCL)数据控制语言(DCL)(fordatabase)DataDefinitionLanguage(DDL)数据定义语言(DDL)(fordatabase)datadictionary数据字典(fordatabase)datadictionaryview数据字典视图(fordatabase)datafile数据文件(fordatabase)dataintegrity数据完整性(fordatabase)datamanipulationlanguage(DML)数据操作语言(DML)(fordatabase)datamart数据集市(fordatabase)datapump数据

20、抽取(fordatabase)datascrubbing数据清理(fordatabase)datasource数据源(fordatabase)Datasourcename(DSN)数据源名称(DSN)(fordatabase)datawarehouse数据仓库(fordatabase)dataset数据集(fordatabase)database数据库(fordatabase)databasecatalog数据库目录(fordatabase)databasediagram数据关系图(fordatabase)databasefile数据库文件(fordatabase)databaseobject

21、数据库对象(fordatabase)databaseowner数据库所有者(fordatabase)databaseproject数据库工程(fordatabase)databaserole数据库角色(fordatabase)databaseschema数据库模式、数据库架构(fordatabase)databasescript数据库脚本(fordatabase)data-bound数据绑定(fordatabase)data-awarecontrol数据感知控件(fordatabase)datamember数据成员、成员变量dataset数据集(fordatabase)datasource数据

22、源(fordatabase)datastructure数据结构datatable数据表(fordatabase)datagram数据报文DBMS(databasemanagementsystem)数据库管理系统(fordatabase)DCOM(distributedCOM)分布式COMdeadlock死锁(fordatabase)deallocate归还debug调试debugger调试器decay退化decisionsupport决策支持declaration声明declarativereferentialintegrity(DRI)声明引用完整性(DRI)(fordatabase)ded

23、uction推导DEFAULTconstraint默认约束(fordatabase)defaultdatabase默认数据库(fordatabase)defaultinstance默认实例(fordatabase)defaultresultset默认结果集(fordatabase)default缺省、默认值defer推迟definition定义delegate委托delegation委托dependentnamedeploy部署dereference解引用dereferenceoperator(提领)运算子derivedclass派生类designbycontract契约式设计designpa

24、ttern设计模式destroy销毁destructor(dtor)析构函数、析构器device设备DHTML(dynamicHyperTextMarkupLanguage)动态超文本标记语言dialog对话框digest摘要digital数字的DIME(DirectInternetMessageEncapsulation)直接Internet消息封装directive(编译)指示符directory目录dirtypages脏页(fordatabase)dirtyread脏读(fordatabase)disassembler反汇编器DISCO(DiscoveryofWebServices)We

25、bServices的查找disk盘dispatch调度、分派、派发（我喜欢“调度”）DISPID(DispatchIdentifier)分派标识符distributedcomputing分布式计算distributedquery分布式查询(fordatabase)DNA(DistributedinterNetApplication)分布式网间应用程序document文档DOM(DocumentObjectModel)文档对象模型dotoperator(圆)点操作符driver驱动(程序)DTD(documenttypedefinition)文档类型定义double-bytecharacters

26、et(DBCS)双字节字符集(DBCS)dump转储dumpfile转储文件dynamiccursor动态游标(fordatabase)dynamicfilter动态筛选(fordatabase)dynamiclocking动态锁定(fordatabase)dynamicrecovery动态恢复(fordatabase)dynamicsnapshot动态快照(fordatabase)dynamicSQLstatements动态SQL语句(fordatabase)dynamicassembly动态装配件、动态配件dynamicbinding动态绑定EAI(enterpriseapplicatio

27、nintegration)企业应用程序集成(整合)EBCO(emptybaseclassoptimization)空基类优化（机制）e-business电子商务EDI(DlectronicDataInterchange)电子数据交换efficiency效率efficient高效end-to-endauthentication端对端身份验证enduser最终用户engine引擎entity实体encapsulation封装enclosingclass外围类别(与巢状类别nestedclass有关)enum(enumeration)枚举enumerators枚举成员、枚举器equal相等equal

28、ity相等性equalityoperator等号操作符errorlog错误日志(fordatabase)escapecode转义码escapecharacter转义符、转义字符exclusivelock排它锁(fordatabase)explicittransaction显式事务(fordatabase)evaluate评估event事件eventdriven事件驱动的eventhandler事件处理器evidence证据exception异常exceptiondeclaration异常声明exceptionhandling异常处理、异常处理机制exception-safe异常安全的excep

29、tionspecification异常规范exit退出explicit显式explicitspecialization显式特化export导出expression表达式facility设施、设备fatclient胖客户端feature特性、特征fetch提取field字段(java)field字段(fordatabase)fieldlength字段长度(fordatabase)file文件filter筛选(fordatabase)finalization终结firewall防火墙finalizer终结器firmware固件flag标记flashmemory闪存flush刷新font字体fore

30、ignkey(FK)外键(FK)(fordatabase)form窗体formalparameter形参forwarddeclaration前置声明forward-only只向前的forward-onlycursor只向前游标(fordatabase)fragmentation碎片(fordatabase)framework框架fullspecialization完全特化function函数functioncalloperator(即operator()函数调用操作符functionobject函数对象functionoverloadedresolution函数重载决议functionalit

31、y功能functiontemplate函数模板functor仿函数GAC(globalassemblycache)全局装配件缓存、全局配件缓存GC(Garbagecollection)垃圾回收(机制)、垃圾收集(机制)game游戏generate生成generic泛化的、一般化的、通用的genericalgorithm通用算法genericity泛型getter(相对于setter)取值函数global全局的globalobject全局对象globalscoperesolutionoperator全局范围解析操作符gr（本文来自第一范文网，转载请保留此标记。）ant授权(fordatabase

32、)granularity粒度group组、群groupbox分组框GUI图形界面GUID(GloballyUniqueIdentifier)全球唯一标识符handshaking握手handle句柄handler处理器hard-coded硬编码的hard-copy截屏图harddisk硬盘hardware硬件hashtable散列表、哈希表headerfile头文件heap堆helpfile帮助文件hierarchy层次结构、继承体系hierarchicaldata阶层式数据、层次式数据hook钩子Host(application)宿主(应用程序)hotkey热键hyperlink超链接HTML

33、(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)超文本标记语言HTTPpipelineHTTP管道HTTP(HyperTextTransferProtocol)超文本传输协议icon图标IDE(IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment)集成开发环境IDL(InterfaceDefinitionLanguage)接口定义语言identifier标识符idletime空闲时间ifandonlyif当且仅当IL(IntermediateLanguage)中间语言、中介语言image图象IME输入法immediatebase直接基类immediatederived直接派生类i

34、mmediateupdating即时更新(fordatabase)implicittransaction隐式事务(fordatabase)incrementalupdate增量更新(fordatabase)index索引(fordatabase)implement实现implementation实现、实现品implicit隐式import导入incrementoperator增加操作符infiniteloop无限循环infiniterecursive无限递归information信息infrastructure基础设施inheritance继承、继承机制inline内联inlineexpans

35、ion内联展开initialization初始化initializationlist初始化列表、初始值列表initialize初始化innerjoin内联接(fordatabase)in-placeactive现场激活instance实例instantiated具现化、实体化(常应用于template)instantiation具现体、具现化实体(常应用于template)integrate集成、整合integrity完整性、一致性integrityconstraint完整性约束(fordatabase)interprocesscommunication(IPC)进程间通讯(IPC)inter

36、acts交互interface接口forGUI界面interoperability互操作性、互操作能力interpreter解释器introspection自省invariants不变性invoke调用isolationlevel隔离级别(fordatabase)iterate迭代iterative反复的、迭代的iterator迭代器iteration迭代(回圈每次轮回称为一个iteration)item项、条款、项目JITcompilationJIT编译即时编译key键(fordatabase)keycolumn键列(fordatabase)laser激光latebinding迟绑定left

37、outerjoin左向外联接(fordatabase)level阶、层例highlevel高阶、高层library库lifetime生命期、寿命link连接、链接linkage连接、链接linker连接器、链接器literalconstant字面常数list列表、表、链表listbox列表框livelock活锁(fordatabase)load装载、加载loadbalancing负载平衡loader装载器、载入器local局部的localobject局部对象lock锁log日志login登录loginsecuritymode登录安全模式(fordatabase)lookuptable查找表(f

38、ordatabase)loop循环loosecoupling松散耦合lvalue左值machinecode机器码、机器代码macro宏maintain维护managedcode受控代码、托管代码ManagedExtensions受控扩充件、托管扩展managedobject受控对象、托管对象manglednamemanifest清单manipulator操纵器(iostream预先定义的一种东西)many-to-manyrelationship多对多关系(fordatabase)many-to-onerelationship多对一关系(fordatabase)marshal列集member成员

39、memberaccessoperator成员取用运算子(有dot和arrow两种)memberfunction成员函数memberinitializationlist成员初始值列表memberwise以member为单元、members逐一memberwisecopymemory内存memoryleak内存泄漏menu菜单message消息messagebased基于消息的messageloop消息环messagequeuing消息队列metadata元数据metaprogramming元编程method方法micro微middleware中间件middletier中间层modeling建模m

40、odelinglanguage建模语言modifier修饰字、修饰符modem调制解调器module模块mostderivedclass最底层的派生类mouse鼠标mutable可变的mutex互斥元、互斥体multidimensionalOLAP(MOLAP)多维OLAP(MOLAP)(fordatabase)multithreadedserverapplication多线程服务器应用程序multiuser多用户multi-tasking多任务multi-thread多线程multicastdelegate组播委托、多点委托namedparameter命名参数namedpipe命名管道nam

41、espace名字空间、命名空间native原生的、本地的nativecode本地码、本机码NativeImageGenerator(NGEN)本地映像生成器nestedclass嵌套类nestedquery嵌套查询(fordatabase)nestedtable嵌套表(fordatabase)network网络networkcard网卡nondependentnameobject对象objectbased基于对象的objectfile目标文件objectmodel对象模型objectoriented面向对象的objectpooling对象池化ODBCdatasourceODBC数据源(ford

42、atabase)ODBCdriverODBC驱动程序(fordatabase)ODR(one-definitionrule)OLEAutomationobjectsOLE自动化对象(fordatabase)OLEAutomationserverOLE自动化服务器(fordatabase)OLEDBconsumerOLEDB使用者(fordatabase)OLEDBforOLAP用于OLAP的OLEDB(fordatabase)OLEDBproviderOLEDB提供者(fordatabase)one-to-manyrelationship一对多关系(fordatabase)one-to-one

43、relationship一对一关系(fordatabase)onlineanalyticalprocessing(OLAP)联机分析处理(OLAP)(fordatabase)onlineredolog联机重做日志(fordatabase)onlinetransactionprocessing(OLTP)联机事务处理(OLTP)(fordatabase)OpenDataServices(ODS)开放式数据服务(ODS)(fordatabase)OpenDatabaseConnectivity(ODBC)开放式数据库连接(ODBC)(fordatabase)operand操作数operatings

44、ystem(OS)操作系统operation操作operator操作符、运算符option选项optimizer优化器outerjoin外联接(fordatabase)overflow上限溢位(相对于underflow)overhead额外开销overload重载overloadresolution重载决议overloadedfunction重载的函数overloadedoperator被重载的操作符override覆写、重载、重新定义package包packaging打包palette调色板parallel并行parameter参数、形式参数、形参parameterlist参数列表param

45、eterize参数化parentclass父类parentheses圆括弧、圆括号parse解析parser解析器part零件、部件partialspecialization局部特化passbyaddress传址(函式引数的传递方式)(非正式用语)passbyreference传地址、按引用传递passbyvalue按值传递pattern模式PDA(personaldigitalassistant)个人数字助理PE(PortableExecutable)file可移植可执行文件performance性能persistence持久性PInvoke(platforminvokeservice)平台调用服务pixel像素placementdeleteplacementnewplace