专题08 阅读理解科普类-备战2022年中考语法专项突破+题型特训.doc

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1、阅读理解特训专题3 科普类（一）阅读短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Now satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大气）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）. They send these pictures to the

2、weather stations. So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorolog

3、ists compare（比较）them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.So the weather satellites are a great help to the m

4、eteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.1. Satellites travel _.A. in space &#

5、160;             B. in the atmosphere C. above the ground       D. above space2. Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because _.A. the weather satellites can do it easily B.

6、clouds form thereC. the weather forms there D. the pictures can forecast the weather3. Meteorologists forecast the weather _.A. when they have received satellite picturesB. after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier onesC. before they received satellite picturesD. during they study

7、 satellite pictures4. Maybe well soon be able to forecast the weather for _.A. one day                B. two days C. five days              D. seven days or eve

8、n longer5. The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _.A. taking pictures of the atmosphere B. receiving pictures of the atmosphereC. doing other work in many ways D. weather forecasting（二）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C或者D四个选项中选出最佳选项。The Internet, mobile phones and Ipads are p

9、art of our lives now. Technology is greatly affecting all ways of our lives, from the ways we work to the ways we play. And it even causes a number of social problems such as cloning humans.We have had lots of technology and it has changed our lives a lot. There is no doubt that humans will continue

10、 to use more and more technology. Here are some examples of modern technology that will change our ideas and will affect our lives greatly.Global Positioning System (GPS) (全球定位系统)Its a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show exact (精确地) information. It tells you where the user is on t

11、he earth in all weather conditions. Its made up of three parts: satellites, control equipments (设备) on land and receivers.Space TechnologyRussian and American scientists have worked together for the International Space Station (ISS) for a long time. They hope the ISS will provide a long-lasting lab.

12、 Such a lab will bring humans limitless (无限的) advantages. Its even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space.Underwater RobotHercules is a kind of Underwater Robot with some high technology equipments. It will be used to search for ancient ships which were des

13、troyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago. The world is changing so quickly that its hard for us to catch up with all the new inventions because they seem to come out every month. Its important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives. So we should be

14、 willing to accept modern technology, or we will fall behind the time.( )1. _ can tell you where the user is on the earth exactly.A. SatellitesB. ReceiversC. Global Positioning SystemD. Underwater Robot( )2. According to the passage, which is NOT true about the ISS?A. It has carried people to other

15、planets. B. It will provide a long-lasting lab for us.C. Russian and American are working for it. D. Humans will get a lot of advantages from it.( )3. Hercules is used to _.A. save lives in the seaB. take picture in the seaC. repair the broken shipsD. look for the ancient ships in the sea( )4. From

16、the passage, we know that _.A. the use of GPS is affected by the weather conditionsB. its very important for us to learn about new technologyC. its easy for us to catch up with all the new inventionsD. technology brings us many advantages such as cloning humans( )5. What is the purpose of the passag

17、e?A. To help us study some new technology.B. To tell us technology is changing the world.C. To help solve the problems that technology causes.D. To remind us the advantages of technology are limitless.（三）根据短文内容填空或选出最佳答案。Snow fell on the mountain. It snowed and snowed. The snow did not melt（融化）. It b

18、ecame deep and heavy. The snow on the bottom pressed （挤压）together., it became ice.The ice was very wide and thick. It began to move down the mountain. It was like a river of ice. It was a glacier（冰河）.Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches（英寸） each day. As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with

19、 it. It changed the land. In some places, it left hills. In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Glaciers covered many parts of the world. The glaciers changed the land.Glaciers are still at work today. A glacier in the nor

20、th of Canada is cutting a new path（路） down the side of a mountain. This glacier will change the land, too.1. The snow that fell on the mountainA. became snowman    B. melted     C. became ice     D. turned to rain2. The word in the story that means a rive

21、r of ice is _.3. The story says, “The snow did not melt. It became deep and heavy”. The word it means _.4. Which of the following does this story lead you to believe?A. There are not as many glaciers as there used to beB. Glaciers do not change the land as they move over it.C. Glaciers are found onl

22、y in warm places.5. How fast did the glacier move? (Which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)A. Sometimes the glacier moved only once a year.B. Sometimes the glacier moved over ten miles each day.C. Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches each day.6. The main idea of the whole stor

23、y is that _.A. snow is heavy         B. the high land never changes C. glaciers changed the land（四）根据短文内容填空或选出最佳答案。Long ago, people in Rome（罗马） talked to one another in Latin（拉丁文）. Pupils in school learned to read and write in Latin. Books are in Latin.Some Ro

24、mans（罗马人）went to other parts of the world. They took their language with them. Soon Latin was used in many countries. It became a world language.People in other countries did not talk in Latin the same way. In each land, they changed the language a little. As time went by, they made more changes. At

25、 last they did not talk in Latin any more. New languages had come from the old one.People do not talk to one another in Latin today. But they still use many Latin words. You do, too. Street, wall, city, and salt are some of the Latin words we use. You are a pupil in school. Pupil is a Latin word. It

26、 means “little doll”.1. Latin was used by people in _.A. Rome    B. the United States    C. Greece(希腊)     D. Texas2. The word in the story that means what people speak and write is _3. The story says, “People do not talk to each other in Latin today. But

27、 they still use many Latin words,” The word they means _.4. Which of the following does this story lead you to believe?A. It is not good to change a language. B. Pupils in schools today play with dolls.C. Not many people can read Latin today.5. What happened to Latin when it was taken to other count

28、ries?(which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)A. In each land, people talked about each other.B. In each land, they changed the language a littleC. In each land, the children had to speak some Latin.6. The main idea of the whole story is that _.A. Romans did not like to stay home B. peo

29、ple in old Rome talked a lot to each other.C. Latin changed as it moved from land to land.(五)We have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different time of day. This is so familiar that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. Yet no one really understa

30、nds why flowers open and close like this at particular times. The process (过程) is not as simple as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. In one study, flowers were kept in constant (连续的) darkness. We might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not op

31、en as they normally do. In fact, they continued to open at their usual time. This suggests that they have some mysterious (神秘的) way of knowing the time. Their sense of time does not depend on information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock”.This discovery

32、(发现) may not seem to be very important. However, it was later found that not just plants but also animals including man have this “inner clock” which controls the working of their bodies and influences (影响) their activities. Men, then, are also influenced by this mysterious power. Whether we wish it

33、 or not, it affects such things in our life as our need for sleep, our need for food.In the past, this did not matter very much because people lived in natural condition. In the modern world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in ordinary life, a lot of people who hav

34、e to work at night. It would be very useful, then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such ordinary things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves.1. A recent experiment showed that _. A. different flowers open and close at different times of day B. for their opening and closing,

35、 flowers do not need information from the outside world C. flowers are influenced by weak light even when they are in a dark room D. flowers can be used for telling the time2. The “inner clock” _. A. is an unimportant discovery B. is only found in animals C. has not been understood by far D. has an

36、effect on human life3. Further study of the “inner clock” will be useful because _. A. it might help us in some way B. we do not yet understand plants and animals well enough C. the number of spacemen and airplane pilots is fast increasing D. we should try to live more naturally than we do now4. Kep

37、t in constant darkness, flowers _. A. will not open or close as usual B. will not open any longer C. will open as they do in natural conditions D. will always remain in full blossom (开花)5. _ have a mysterious power of knowing time without information from the outside world. A. Animals including man

38、as well as plants B. All living things except man C. Flowers are the only things in the world that D. Neither animals nor plants (六)阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。In 1926, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera.

39、He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo. The next important date in the history of photography was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his pictur

40、e you could see everything clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype(银版照相). Soon other people began to use Daguerres way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains. In about

41、1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the US worked so hard. Mathew Brady was a famous American photog

42、rapher. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike. Photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed feelings, like other kinds of art.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。( )1. The

43、first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of _.A. his business B. his house C. his gardenD. his window( )2. The Daguerreotype was _.A. a Frenchman B. a kind of pictureC. a kind of camera D. a photographer( )3. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840s, he had to

44、 _.A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive cameraC. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him( )4. Mathew Brady_.A. was very lifelikeB. was famous for his unusual picturesC. was quite strongD. took many pictures of moving people( )5. This passage tells us _. A. how photog

45、raphy was developed B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures C. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras(七)根据短文内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。Is the whale the worlds largest fish? No. It looks like a fish, but it is really a mammal (哺乳动物). Then whats the worlds l

46、argest fish? Its the whale shark（鲸鲨）.Although the whale shark is our biggest fish and lives in many oceans （海洋）around the world, few people have ever heard of it. Scientists have not been studying whale sharks for very long. Much more needs to be learned about them.A whale shark is sometimes called

47、a “gentle giant (温柔的巨人)”. It likes to be alone and doesnt care a bit about divers or humans. The biggest whale shark weighed 24,250 pounds and was nearly 40 feet long. This makes it heavier and longer than a school bus. Inside its huge mouth are great numbers of very small teeth. To count all of the

48、m, youll need to do some math. The whale sharks teeth are arranged in rows. There are between eleven and thirteen rows on each jaw (颚) and around three hundred teeth in each row. However, the whale shark rarely uses its teeth. It does not chew or bite its food. Large amounts of water are pulled into its mouth and then pushed out through its gills (鳃). For a few months every year, a group of whale sharks comes to Ningaloo