(中考英语知识及解题技巧)专题06 书面表达(分类归纳)(记忆版).doc
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1、书面表达-中考精华版(人教新目标)写作专题书信写作专题电子邮件写作专题通知写作专题启事写作专题发言稿写作专题日记写作专题记叙文写作专题议论文写作专题倡议书写作专题调查报告写作专题事理说明文写作专题方式方法说明文写作专题看图作文写作专题图表作文写作专题提示性作文写作专题开放性作文写作专题话题作文写作专题写人叙事作文写作专题书信一、书信格式英文书信通常由以下几部分构成:1称呼:对收信人的称呼,写在左上角并顶格写,称呼后面的标点一般用逗号。2正文:写在称呼的下一行,一般从左边第五个字母处开始写起。3结束语:一般从信纸的中间稍右写起,第一个字母大写,末尾用逗号。常用Yours sincerely,Yo
2、urs faithfully,Yours等。4签名:写在结束语的下面。 二、三步作文法假如你是李华,请给你的李老师写一封信,针对“英语老师用英语还是用英汉双语教学比较好”这一问题,谈一谈你的看法。要点提示:1What's your idea?2Why do you think so?3What is your advice?要求:1包含所有提示内容,可适当发挥。2格式规范,80词左右。第一步:理清思路文章首先应表明自己的观点,即自己喜欢什么样的教学方式,然后阐述自己喜欢这种方式的原因。介绍原因时,可自由发挥,如用英语授课可以训练听力,用双语授课容易让学生理解,特别是对语法的理解。最后要
3、给出自己的建议,如建议老师语速要慢,尽可能多用英语等。第二步:拟定提纲(称呼)Dear Miss Li,It's a good chance for us to It's helpfulYou shouldYou'd betterPlease(签名)第三步:连句成文Dear Miss Li,I think you'd better use English in class.It's a good chance for us to improve our English skills.It is also helpful for our speaking.
4、We can copy what you say all the time.The more chances we have,the more progress we will make!So I hope you can teach in English.But please use simple English as much as possible and speak clearly and slowly.In this way,we can learn English better and better.Hopefully you can think about it.Yours,Li
5、 Hua写作专题电子邮件一、要点入门电子邮件使用方便、传送快捷,而且还可以一信多发,特别适合信息交流。那么,如何写正规的电子邮件呢?1收件人地址:在标题(Heading)栏的“收件人(To)”框中输入收件人的email地址。2主题:“主题(Subject)”框中的内容应简要概括邮件内容,可以是一个单词,也可以是一个短语。3问候:电子邮件一般使用非正式文体,在好友或同事间可以直呼其名,如Tommy;但称呼长辈或上级时,最好使用头衔加上姓,如Mr.Brown。4正文:这是电子邮件的主体部分。为了让收件人了解你的用意,内容应条理清晰,简洁明了。5结尾:通常只需一个词,如Thanks,Be
6、st,Cheers等,可不用一般信函中的Sincerely yours,Best regards。6签名:最后写上邮件发送人姓名。 二、三步作文法假如你叫李华,最近你从报纸上得知美国某公司将在你们家乡建一座工厂,请给该公司写一封电子邮件。要点如下:·表示欢迎:有利于家乡的发展等。·感到担忧:造成环境污染等。·希望了解有关环保措施及更多信息。第一步:理清思路邮件开头已给出,可接着用you are going to build a factory here in my hometown引出主题。然后根据要点提示,从正反两个方面表达自己的想法,最后提出希望。时态用一般将
7、来时。第二步:拟定提纲it's good forIt will provide uswithI would like to knowWould youplease第三步:连句成文Dear_Sir_or_Madam,I_am_a_middle_school_student._I_have_recently_learned_from_the_newspaper_that you are going to build a factory here in my hometown. There is no doubt that it is good for the development of
8、my hometown and it will provide us with more jobs. Most of us welcome the program. However,some of us are worried that the factory will make much noise and pollute the environment of the area.I would like to know whether you have any plans for the environmental protection. Would you please offer me
9、more information about it?I'm looking forward to your reply.,写作专题通知一、要点入门写好一份通知,需要掌握下面三点:1通知的分类通知可分为书面通知(written notice)和口头通知(announcement)。2通知的结构通知一般由标题、正文和结尾三部分构成。标题部分包括常用标题语和发出通知的单位名称;正文包括通知对象、事件、要求、时间、地点等;结尾部分主要包括发通知的具体日期。英文通知的格式一般是将NOTICE(每个字母都大写)写在通知正文上面一行的正中间。发出通知的单位名称可以写在NOTICE上面,也可以写在通知
10、正文的右下角;发通知的日期一般写在通知正文的左下角。3正文的书写书写正文要遵循“四有三多两少”原则。“四有”即通知中要清晰写明what,who,when和where;“三多”即祈使句多、简单句多和一般将来时多;“两少”即修饰词语少、委婉语气词少。4称呼语:Ladies and gentlemen/Boys and girls等。二、典型例题假如你是班长李华。中考后,你们班将到阳光农场郊游。请你拟一个口头通知,将以下事项通知全班同学。郊游阳光农场出发时间6月28日早上8点集合地点学校操场交通工具乘坐校车活动野餐、采摘西红柿、草莓安全忠告不要到河里游泳,不要单独行动参考词语:get close t
11、o nature亲近大自然【思路点拨】通知正文要先交代清楚郊游地点、集合时间和地点、交通方式和活动内容等,然后交代安全注意事项,最后表达美好祝愿和提出请求。【写作模版】 【满分范文】Hello,everyone!We'll have an exciting trip to the Sunshine Farm on June 28th.We will meet on the school playground at 8:00 in the morning.The school bus will take us there.We can get relaxed and get close
12、to nature there. On the farm,we will have a picnic.We can also pick tomatoes and strawberries.But we mustn't swim in the river. And we can't go around on our own. I'm sure we will enjoy ourselves on the Sunshine Farm.Welcome to join us! 写作专题启事一、要点入门启事是一种公告性的应用文。启事有多种,如遗失启事(Lost)、招领启事(Fou
13、nd)、招聘启事(Wanted)等。启事由标题、正文、签名等部分构成。写启事应注意以下几点:1将启事的标题(如Lost,Found,Wanted等)写在正文上方居中位置。2发布启事的日期写在正文的右上方,也可以不写。3签名位于正文右下方;如果正文中已经出现,可以不写。4启事一般不用称呼和结束语。5启事的正文内容通常包括物品及特征、地点、时间、名字、联系方式、酬谢或薪资等。6写招领启事时,物品的特征不要写得过于详细,以防有人冒领。二、典型例题林先生想求租一套两居室的房子,每月租金1000元。有意者请拨打8965835与林先生联系。请据此写一则求租广告。Wanted_【思路点拨】启事为求租广告,可
14、直接点明求租的是一套两居室的房子,每月租金1000元。然后交代联系人及联系电话等。【写作模版】I needI can payPlease callat 【满分范文】WantedA house with two bedrooms.1,000 yuan per month.Call Mr.Lin at 8965835.Thanks!写作专题发言稿一、要点入门发言稿通常由称呼语、正文和结束语构成。称呼一般以Dear开头,也可以不用称呼,直接写正文。发言稿的最后一般以That's all. Thank you等向听众宣布结束并礼貌致谢。二、典型例题在英语课上,你班学生就人们对90后年轻人的某些
15、评论展开讨论。请参照下面的提示词语,写一篇英语发言稿,从正反两方面阐述你的观点和想法。要求:1语句通顺、表达准确、内容连贯;280词左右,可适当发挥。发言稿的开头和结尾已给出,不记入总词数。提示词语:the only child,selfish(自私的),Internet,believe in oneself,high ideals(崇高理想),in style,come up with creative ideas,get along with【写作模版】After all,we are growing up.We are sure to do better. 【满分范文】Dear teac
16、her and classmates,I'd love to share my ideas about today's topic with you.As we know,most of us are the only child in our families nowOur parents love us so much that they try their best to do everything for us,which may make us become selfish. Some of us even concentrate on the Internet an
17、d spend less time communicating with others.However,we teenagers have high ideals.We usually believe in ourselves.Meanwhile we are in style. We often come up with creative ideas.We're learning how to get along with our parents,teachers and friends.After all,we are growing up.We are sure to do be
18、tter.That's all. Thank you.写作专题日记一、要点入门写日记要注意以下几点:1日记的第一行,要写清楚日期、星期和天气状况。日期和星期通常写在正文的左上角,月份与星期通常可以缩写;天气状况通常写在正文的右上角。如果是游记,还可写明地点。2日记的正文通常用第一人称。用一般过去时叙述所发生的事情。当议论、抒情或写景状物、描绘人物时,为了生动,也可用一般现在时。二、典型例题假设你今天刚刚转到新学校。请根据下列表格中所列的要点内容,写一篇日记,介绍你在这一天的感受。到校前兴奋(原因自拟)担忧(原因自拟)到校后发现老师、同学很友好忘了紧张、感觉很自在离校时不再担心相信会快乐
19、要求:1.80词左右;2日记须包括所有要点内容,可适当发挥,使其连贯、通顺。【思路点拨】本篇日记时态以一般过去时为主。由提示内容可知,要按照“到校前、到校后、离校时”的顺序进行叙述。“到校前”的重点内容是兴奋和担忧的理由,如兴奋的是要在新学校开始新学年,担忧的是不知如何与新同学相处等;“到校后”的重点内容是见到新老师和新同学的感觉;最后叙述“离校时”的心情和对未来的期望。【写作模版】When I got to school,I foundI felt at home.I didn't fear any more.I think I will【满分范文】Monday Sept.2Fine
20、Today was the first day of my new school life.On the way to school,I felt excited as well as worried.I was excited because I was going to start a new school year.I was worried because I didn't know the teachers and students in this school.I was afraid that I couldn't get along well with them
21、.When I got to school,I found the teachers and classmates were all really friendly to me.I soon forgot my nervousness.I felt at home.At the end of the day,I didn't fear any more.Now I believe I will have lots of fun at this new school.写作专题记叙文一、要点入门记叙文以记叙、描述为主要方式,一般是开门见山,直接交代时间、地点、人物、事件等,然后详细叙述事件
22、发展的过程、原因等。一个事件的组成包括许多细节,写作时,要选择与写作意图相关的主要材料。 二、典型例题在你成长的历程中,有些日子会让你开心快乐,经久难忘。请根据以下图示,以“My pleasant day”为题,写一篇100词左右的短文,叙述你这一天的活动和感受。要求:1.参考所给图示,可适当发挥;2语句通顺,行文连贯,书写工整。【思路点拨】短文要求以叙事为主,可按“总分总”的结构来写。先总述一下你这一天的整体感受,然后分早晨、中午、下午等时间段分别叙述你所做的开心事,最后再发表感受。由于叙述的是过去发生的事,因此要用一般过去时。人称用第一人称。【写作模版】Iin the morning.Th
23、enAtnoon,In the afternoon,II feltliving happily andactively.【满分范文】My pleasant dayI had a pleasant day last Saturday. In the morning,I got up early. After breakfast I began to do my homework. It took me an hour to finish it.Next,I had fun surfing the Internet for a while.While Mom was cooking lunch,I
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