14-晨读暮省（10）-备考2022年中考英语考纲核心词汇50天通关之拓展读练测.docx

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1、14晨读暮省-备战2022年中考英语考纲核心词汇50天通关之拓展读练测（一）词汇晨读入心1. nationaladj.国家的，全国性的，民族的；国内的，本国的；国有的，国立的关联词组：National Day国庆节；national standard国家标准；national culture民族文化；national team国家队national表示“国家的，全国性的”，与local（当地的，地方性的）相对。例如：Between 1929 and 1933 Americas national income fell by more than half. 1929至1933年间，美国的国民收入

2、下降过半。national表示“国内的，本国的”，与international相对。例如：national and international news国内和国际新闻national表示“国有的，国立的”：a national museum国家博物馆词性转换：nation n.国家；民族；nationally adv.全国性；nationality n.国籍关联单词：international adj.国际的（2019，江西卷，阅读B）I come from Kitengela, a farming community on the edge (边缘) of Nairobi National

3、Park of Kenya (肯尼亚).2. naturaladj.自然的，天然的关联词组：natural gas天然气；natural environment自然环境；natural resource自然资源；natural world自然界；natural science自然科学用法：natural表示“自然的，天然的”，与man-made（人造的）相对，例如：the need for natural light in offices 办公室里需要自然光的照射natural表示“天生的，本能的，与生俱来的”，形容行为或能力：Babies have a natural fear of fal

4、ling.婴儿本能地害怕跌倒。词性转换：naturally adv.自然地，天然地；nature n.自然；性质，种类：in nature本质上；by nature天生地；生性；mother nature大自然；human nature人性反义词：unnatural adj.不自然的（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural history walk next _（星期日）.3. nearadj.近的，不远的；adv.在附近，不久以后；prep.在附近，靠近用法：near作形容词，表示“（距离或时间）近的，不远的，不久的”。例如：

5、Where's the nearest bank? 最近的银行在哪儿？in the near future在不久的未来；短期内near作副词，表示“（距离或时间）不远，在附近，不久以后”。例如：She took a step nearer.她走近一步。The exams are drawing near. 考试越来越近了。near作介词，有时可和to连用，表示“在附近；临近”。例如：Do you live near here? 你住在这附近吗？近义词：close，next to关联单词：nearly=almost adv.几乎，差不多：I've worked here for

6、nearly two years. 我已经在这里工作了将近两年。（2019，浙江卷，阅读B）Remember: whenever you are on a trampoline, be careful not to jump near the edge of it.（2019，山东卷，阅读表达）In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child.4. necessaryadj.必需的，必要的关联词组：if necessary如果必要的话；when necessary在必

7、要时用法：常用搭配有it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说）做某事很有必要。例如：It is necessary for us to meet.我们有必要见面。词性转换：necessarily adv.必要地，必定地；necessity n.需要；必然性；必需品近义词：important adj.重要的（2019，山东卷，阅读C）A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China.5. needn.需要，需求；v.需要；必须关联词组：theres no need (fo

8、r sb.) to do sth.（某人）不必做某事；be in need of sth.需要need作名词：一般使用单数，表示“需要，需求”，常和for或to do搭配。例如：Theres a growing need for new housing in many areas. 许多地区对新住房的需求不断增长。We fully realized the need to improve communications. 我们充分意识到需要改善沟通交流。如果使用复数needs，则表示“生活必需品”：She works to provide for her familys basic needs.

9、 她工作是为了维持家里的基本生计。need作动词：充当实意动词，否定形式dont need，疑问形式do you need；可用于need sth.或need (sb.) to do sth.等结构：I dont need him to help me.我不需要他帮助我。充当情态动词，否定形式为neednt=need not，疑问形式为need you；后接动词原形：Need I pay the whole amount now? 我必须现在全部付清吗？（2019，浙江卷，阅读B）If you would like to start trampolining, you may first ne

10、ed to ask a doctor to make sure it's a safe activity for you.6. neitheradj.&pron.两者都不（的）；adv.也不用法：neither可充当形容词或代词表限定，作动词：Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。neither作副词，表示“也不”：He didn't remember and neither did I. 他没记住，我也忘了。neithernor结构充当连词，表示“既不也

11、不”：Neither he nor his wife enjoyed the vacation. 这次度假他和他的妻子都玩得不开心。（2019，山东卷，单项填空）28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _helps with students' health, _improves their social skills.A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but

12、 also7. nervousadj.紧张不安的，担忧的；神经系统的关联词组：nervous system神经系统；feel/get nervous感到/变得紧张用法：nervous是形容词，可作表语或定语，可与介词of或about搭配：She is always very nervous about the future.她总是对未来非常忧虑。We were all a bit nervous of him at first. 起初我们都有点怕他。词性转换：nervously adv.神经质地；焦急地；nerve n.神经，勇气；nervousness n.紧张不安（2019，浙江卷，阅读B

13、）19. The writer says that buying things _.A. can make people worriedB. can make people nervousC. may lead to sadness for longD. may lead to happiness for a short time8. noisen.声音；噪声；喧闹声关联词组：traffic noise交通噪声；noise control噪声控制；low noise低噪声；make a noise吵闹，喧哗 用法：noise既是可数名词，也是不可数名词。如专指“噪音”，视为不可数；如指某种间断

14、的声响，可作可数名词。例如：They were making too much noise. 他们的噪声太大了。There was a strange noise in his ears. 他听到奇怪的杂音。noise和sound的区别：noise通常特指大声、令人不悦的噪音，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词；sound为可数名词，仅指听到的声音或响声。例如：What a terrible noise! 多么令人讨厌的噪音啊！All she could hear was the sound of the waves. 她听得到的只有海浪声。词性转换：noisy adj.嘈杂的，喧闹的（2019

15、，山东卷，阅读A）Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss (听力丧失) ,because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time.9. nonepron.无任何东西或人，没有一点，全无用法：通常和of搭配使用：I wish I could offer you some cake but theres none left. 我真想能请你吃些蛋糕，但一点也没剩的了。None of my friends call me any more. 再也没有朋友给我打电话了。

16、注意none和neither的区别：none用于指三个或三个以上的人或物；指两个人或物，用neither。例如：None of my friends came. 我的朋友一个都没来。Neither of my parents wanted me to marry him. 我的父母都不想让我嫁给他。注意none和no one的区别：none既可指人也可指物，常暗示一定范围，因此通常与表范围的of短语连用；而no one(=nobody)只能指人，不能与of短语连用。如：None of that money on the table is mine.桌上没有一分钱是我的。No one (=Nob

17、ody) knows about it.没有人了解此事。none与数量有关，可回答how many问句，表示“一个也没有”；而no one表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who的问句。如：How many people are there in that room?None.那个房间里有几个人？一个人也没有。Who was late today?No one.今天谁迟到了？谁也没有迟到。关联单词：no adj.没有，无，不；adv. 不，不是；nobody pron.没有人，谁也不；nothing pron.没有东西，没有什么；nor conj.也不（2019，湖北卷，选择填空）37. Who r

18、uns in your class? Tom does. None of us can catch him in the race. A. faster B. slower C. fastest D. slowest10. normaladj.正常的；n.正常的状态，常态关联词组：normal condition正常状态；normal temperature标准温度；return/be back to normal恢复正常形容词用法：可用于it is normal (for sb) to do sth.结构：Its normal to feel nervous before an exam.

19、考试之前觉得紧张是正常的。名词用法：常见搭配有above/below normal、higher/larger/less than normal等。例如：Car sales are still below normal this year.今年的汽车销量仍然低于正常水平。词性转换：normally adv.正常地；通常地，一般地反义词：abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的（2019，广东卷，完形）But Anna didnt have hers, and she looked _51_.51.A. worriedB. normalC. proudD. relaxed11. northn.

20、北，北方，北部；adj.北的，朝北的，从北来的；adv.向北，朝北north作名词，指“北，北方”或“北部（地区）”，一般在前面加the，通常和方位介词搭配。如：cold winds coming from the north 从北方袭来的寒风Cheshunt is a few miles to the north of London. 切森特位于伦敦以北几英里。north本身可作形容词，表示“北方的，北部的；向北的”：North London 伦敦北区；the north bank of the river 这条河的北岸north还可作副词，表示“向北，朝北”：The birds fly n

21、orth in summer. 夏季鸟儿向北飞。形容词north和northern的区别：north具有较强的政治意义或社会意义，是对地球表面或一洲、一国、一地区内部较明确的划分，往往构成专有名词；northern往往是单纯从地理方位讲，常表示方向和位置，无政治意义或社会意义，表述的是一个相对而又比较模糊的概念，是一种不明确的划分。试比较：North China华北the Northern areas of China中国北部地区关联单词：east东；east西；south南（2019，湖北卷，阅读C）The man who takes this pole to the north gate

22、will get 10 gold pieces.12. notev.记下，记录；注意，留意；n.边条；笔记；注释；钞票，纸币；音符，音调名词词组：take/make notes记笔记；make a note of把记下来；thank-you note感谢信动词用法：表示“记录”，常用于note sth. down短语：Note down the main points you want to include in your article. 记下你文章中想要包含的要点。表示“注意，留意”，可接宾语或宾语从句：Please note that the money must be paid wit

23、hin ten days. 请注意这笔钱必须在十天以内付清。关联单词：notebook n.笔记本（2019，北京卷，阅读B）A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad.13. noticen.注意；公告，通告；v.注意；注意到名词用法：notice表示“注意，理会，察觉”，是不可数名词，常用于take no notice of短语，表示“不理会”：Take no notice of what he says. 别理会他说的话。notice表示“通知，布告”，是可数名词，比如written notice书面通知notice

24、表示“预告，警告”，是不可数名词，常用搭配有without notice没有事先通知；further notice另行通知；at short notice临时通知动词用法：可作不及物动词，也可作及物动词，后接宾语或that/wh-从句：Did you notice how Rachel kept looking at her watch? 你有没有注意到雷切尔在不停地看她的手表？词性转换：notify v.通知，通告；noticeable adj.显而易见的，显著的；noticeably adv.明显地，显著地易混单词：note v.注意：二者作动词，均有“注意”这层含义，但note常用于比较

25、正式的语境，或与please搭配使用。例如：Please note (that) the office will be closed on Monday.请注意办事处星期一将关闭。（2019，北京卷，单项填空）12.Did you notice in her office?Yes. She was going over our writing.A. what was Miss Lin doingB. what Miss Lin was doingC. what does Miss Lin doD. what Miss Lin does14. objectn.物体；目标，宗旨；宾语object作

26、名词，可表示：“物品，物体，东西”；“目标，宗旨”；“（语法）宾语”。例如：a small metal object 一个小金属物件My object was to explain the decision simply. 我的目的是要简单明了地解释这一决定。direct/indirect object直接/间接宾语词性转换：objective adj.客观的；目标的；宾语的；objectiveness n.客观性；objectively adv.客观地近义词：thing n.东西；事情；goal n.目标；得分（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）Many objects in the univers

27、e are invisible, but they send radio waves.15. offern.&v.提供；提议动词用法：表示“提出，自愿给”或“提供，给予”，常用搭配有offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.把某物给某人；offer to do sth.（主动）提出/提议做某事。例如：They decided to offer the job to Annie. 他们决定把这份工作给安妮。The kids offered to do the dishes. 孩子们主动要求洗盘子。名词用法：表示“主动提议，建议”：to accept/refuse a

28、n offer 接受/拒绝好意（2019，安徽卷，单项填空）14.Our business wont improve _ we offer better service to our customers.A. becauseB. unlessC. afterD. since16. officen.办公室关联词组：office building办公大楼；main/head office总公司，总部；office hour办公时间；office staff办公室职员熟词僻义：office除指“办公室”，还可指“办事处”或一些政府部门/机构，如：a ticket office 售票处；box off

29、ice（电影）票房；post office邮局关联单词：officer n.官员；警（军）官；公务员：police officer警官，警员（2019，江苏卷，阅读B）"I understand you had a party last night", said Logan, a police officer.17. onenum.一（个，只）；pron.一个关联词组：one another彼此，互相；one by one一个接一个；one or two一二个，几个；one after another相继地，一个接一个地；one day（过去）某一天；（将来）总有一天代词用

30、法：one/ones用来避免重复或指代听着已知的事物，但不可指代不可数名词。例如：“Have you got a camera?”-“No.”-“You should buy one” (= buy a camera ). “你有照相机吗？”“没有。”“你应该买一架。”用one of表示“（指一组或一对人或物中的）一个；之一”：This is one of my favourite books. 这是我最喜欢的书之一。关联单词：oneself pron.自己，自身（2019年，浙江卷，单项填空）4.Sam finds sweeping robots useful, and he plans t

31、o buy _ for his grandma.A. itB. oneC. thisD. that18. operationn.手术；操作表示“手术”，为可数名词：Will I need to have an operation? 我需要动手术吗？表示“（机器，系统）操作，运行”，为不可数名词：Operation of the device is extremely simple. 这个装置的操作非常简单。词性转换：operate v.运转；操作；动手术；operator n.操作员；operational adj.操作的（2019年，浙江卷，阅读C）The charity provides

32、free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.19. orderv.订货，订购；点菜；n.顺序；调理关联词组：put sth. in order整理；把安排好；out of order不整洁，安排不当动词用法：表示“点（食物或饮料）”，既是及物动词，也是不及物动词。例如：Are you ready to order? 你准备好点菜了吗？Annie ordered another glass of wine. 安妮又点了杯葡萄酒。表示“订购，订货”

33、：Ive ordered a new computer from that company. 我向那家公司订购了一台新的电脑。名词用法：表示“顺序，次序”，常用搭配有in the right/wrong order顺序正确/不对；in order of按顺序。例如：Students learn the verbs in order of difficulty. 学生按难易程度的顺序学习动词。固定短语in order to do sth.意思是“为了做某事”，表示目的。例如：She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她早早到场，好找个好位置。词

34、性转换：orderly adj.&adv.有秩序的，整齐的；顺序地，依次地反义词：disorder n.无序；混乱（2019年，重庆卷，阅读C）30. The passage is written in the order of _.A. spaceB. timeC. feelingsD. subjects20. ownadj.&pron.自己的；v.拥有，所有关联词组：(all) on ones own单独地；无援地，独立地；用法：作形容词或代词，表示“自己的”，仅用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后，如my own，Johns own；常用于of ones own结构中。例

35、如：Id like to have a house of my own (= my own house). 我想有一所属于自己的房子。作动词，表示“（合法地）拥有”：Many more people now own their own homes. 现在更多的人拥有了自己的住房。own和have的区别：二者都可表示“拥有”，own强调拥有权（法律上）；have侧重使用权。例如：They have a flat to live in, but they dont own it. 他们有一套公寓可供居住，但不是业主。词性转换：owner n.物主，所有者（2019年，浙江卷，完形）I develo

36、ped my own _23_ and never again followed the crowd.23. A. skillsB. habitsC. projectsD. opinions（二）暮省练习巩固一. 写出这些单词的汉语意义。1. natural_ 2. nearly _ 3. neither _4. nervous _ 5. noon _ 6. note _7. open _ 8. own _二. 按要求写出下列词汇的变化形式。1. natural _ (名词形式)2. nearly _(形容词)3. neither _(反义词)4. nervous_(副词)5. note _(

37、复数形式)6. open _(反义词)三. 根据句意，用所给词汇的正确形式填空。1. We should love our _(natural).2. Its _(near) 2 oclock .3. _ (either) of them is Chinese. They are both Japanese.4. He is always _(nervously) when he meets a teacher on the way.5. As a student, you should learn to make _(note) when you have a class and liste

38、n to the teacher.6. The shop usually _(open) at 8:00 am. Now its _(open).四. 根据短文意思及汉语意义，写出合乎句意的单词。Mr. Green had an unusual experience last Sunday _1_(中午). That day, Mr. Smith came back home to eat his lunch in his car. When he reached his house and got out of his car, it was _2_(几乎)12:00 am. He was

39、very hungry and went to his house quickly. But when he reached the door of his house. He found that the door was open. He was a bit _3_(紧张的). His wife left for a business yesterday and she couldnt be in. Who _4_(打开) the door? While he was thinking about the problem, his _5_(自己的) dog, Mickey , ran to

40、 meet him happily. Oh, my God! It was his dog. It even opened the door!参考答案一. 1. 自然的；自然界的；2. 几乎；3. 二者都不；也不；4. 神经紧张的；不安的；5. 中午；6. 笔记；7. 打开；8. 自己的二. 1. nature; 2. near; 3. both; 4. nervously; 5. notes; 6. close/shut三. 1. nature; 2. nearly; 3. Neither; 4. nervous; 5. notes; 6. opens; open四. 1. noon; 2. nearly; 3. nervous; 4.opened; 5. own