备考2022中考英语动词和动词短语考点击破及50道精选试题解析与练习.docx

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1、中考英语动词和动词短语考点击破50道精选试题解析与练习【名题实战】1.May I play computer games now，Mom?No，you _ finish your homework first.Amust Bcan Ccould Dmay解析：must“必须”；can“能，可以”；could“能，可以”；may“可以，可能”。根据对话情景“妈妈，现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗？”“不能。”可知，本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业”，故用must，表示命令。答案：_A_2.Must we clean the room at once?No，you _.You can do it aft

2、er school.Amustn't Bneedn't Ccan't解析：对“Must we.？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you needn't.”或“No，you don't have to.”答案：_B_3.Ann is going on a tour of Xi'an，and she wants to _ Chinese history. Adream of Blearn aboutClook through Dpass on解析：dream of “梦到，梦想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass

3、 on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。答案：_B_高频考点一实义动词词义辨析实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：动词宾语如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)动词宾语宾补动词间接宾语直接宾语2不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：He always studies hard。他一直努力

4、学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)【例1】I've left my keys in the meeting room.Please _ them for me.All right.Abuy Bpaint Cwash Dfetch解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一

5、下。fetch意为“去取(某物)”，符合语境。答案：_D_【例2】How's Bob now?I hear the company _ him a very good job，but he turned it down.Adonated Bserved Coffered Dintroduced解析：donate“捐赠”；serve“服务”；offer“提供”；introduce“介绍”。由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了”。答案：_C_【例3】He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didn't _

6、 him at first.Aadvise Bpromise Crecognise Dhear解析：advise“建议”；promise“承诺”；recognise“认出”；hear“听到”。由语境可知后半句句意为“我开始没认出他。”答案：_C_高频考点二系动词和助动词的用法1系动词。本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语，主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。系动词只有主动形式。分类示例表示主语状态be(am，is，are，was，were)是表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度keep保持 stay停留 remain保持 stand站表象系动词look看起来 seem看起来 a

7、ppear显得表示人的感觉feel摸起来 smell闻起来sound听起来 taste尝起来表变化become变得 get变得 grow长得 turn变得 go变得如：I like soft and gentle music. It sounds nice.我喜欢柔和的音乐，听起来很好听。2助动词。本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的实义动词连用构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，帮助构成各种否定、疑问、强调或省略等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。【例4】This kind of peach looks really

8、nice，but it _ very sour. Atastes Blooks Cfeels Dsounds解析：由语境可知“这种桃子看起来很好，但是尝起来很酸”。taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“感觉”；sound“听起来”。答案：_A_【例5】Do you like watching TV?No，but my brother _.Adoes Bdo Cis Dlikes解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。答案：_A_高频考点三情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构

9、成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1can(could)表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。表可能性。表许可。口语中可代替may。can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。2may(might)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。

10、might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。3must表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。4would作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。5should表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜

11、于做)，用于各种人称。表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。【例6】Are you in a hurry?No，I've got plenty of time.I _ wait.(2014，盐城)Acan Bcan't Cmust Dmustn't解析：can“可能，能够”；can't“不能”；must“一定，必须”；mustn't“不允许，禁止”。由语境可知答语为“我有许多时间，我可以等。”答案：_A_【例7】Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?It _ be her.She is giving a

12、 performance at the theater now.Amay Bmust Ccan't Dmustn't解析：由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不大的推测；must“一定是”，表示肯定推测；can't“不可能是”，用于有把握的否定推测；mustn't表示“千万别，一定别”。答案：_C_高频考点四动词短语动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。1动词短语的分类：动词介词arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come f

13、rom，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for及物动词副词find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over不及物动词副词get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)动词副词介词get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to动词名词介词ta

14、ke part in，make friends with，take care ofbe形容词介词be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2初中阶段常用短语如下：look短语look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览put短语 put off推迟；put on 穿上，

15、上演；put away 把暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴turn短语turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turninto把变成get短语get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get away离开，逃脱；get dow

16、n下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从)出去；get to到达；get together聚会take短语take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿起agree短语agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事go短语go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping

17、/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生come短语come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来

18、自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油give短语give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降make短语make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与交朋友；make

19、up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸be短语be friendly/kind to对友好；be different from与不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受欢迎；be interested in对感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为出名；be famous/known for因著名；be surprised at对惊讶；be pleased with对满意；be proud of对感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌

20、/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of由构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着call短语call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请【例8】We should think of others if we wa

21、nt to _ them.Aget on well with Bhear ofCget ready for Dhear from解析：由语境可知句意为“如果想要与别人相处融洽，我们应当多考虑别人”。get on well with“与某人相处融洽”；hear of“听说”；get ready for“准备”；hear from“收到某人来信”。答案：_A_【例9】Oh，dear！Your room is untidy.Sorry，mom.I'll _.Aset it up Bclean it upCput it up Dlook it up解析：set up“建立，设立”；clean

22、up“打扫干净”；put up“张贴”；look up“查找”。由问句“你的房间不干净”可知，答句句意应为“我将去打扫干净”。答案：_B_【考点梳理】动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加­s或­es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。规则变化动词原形第三人称单数形式及读音一般在动词词尾加­

23、;s(­s在清辅音后读/s/，­s在浊辅音后读/z/)workgrowworks/s/grows/z/以s，x，sh，ch或o结尾的动词加­es(­es读/iz/，o后的­es读/z/)guessmixfinishcatchgoguesses/iz/mixes/iz/finishes/iz/catches/iz/goes/z/以字母e结尾的动词，直接加­s(­s读/z/或/s/)writelikewrites/z/likes/s/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加­es(­ies读/iz/)stud

24、ycarrystudies/iz/carries/iz/以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加­s(­s读/z/)playsayplays/z/says/z/不规则变化的有havehas等。2现在分词的构成规则变化动词原形现在分词一般在动词后加­inghelpworkhelpingworking以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加­ingwritemovewritingmoving以y结尾的动词，直接加­ingplaystudyplayingstudying以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加­inggetbegingett

25、ingbeginning以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加­ingliedielyingdying3.过去式和过去分词的构成规则变化规则变化动词原形过去式，过去分词及其读音一般在动词词尾加­ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读d，在t和d后读/id/)askanswerwantneedasked­asked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/id/neededneeded/id/以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加­d(读/d/)lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/d/以辅音字母加y结尾

26、的动词，把y变为i，再加­ed(读/d/)trystudytriedtried/d/studiedstudied/d/以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加­ed(读/d/)playstayplayedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加­ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/id/)stopplanstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/不规则变化需单独记忆。专项训练一、单项选择1I'm leaving now._ your coat.It'

27、s cold outside.AWear BPutting onCPut on2Our school is planning to _ a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent.Atake up Bset up Cpick up3She went to Hangzhou by train last night.She _ be at home now.Amust not Bmay not Ccan't4Mum，what are you cooking？It _ so sweet.Atastes B

28、feels Csounds Dsmells5I got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3，000.Too good to be true.Don't _ it.Ado Bhold Cmake Dbelieve6The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it _ her thoughts and feelings.Aexpress Bdiscuss Cexpect Dimagine7I used to _ with my wife and wa

29、tch TV movies at home.Ashow up Bwake up Ccome up Dstay up8How was the concert last night?It was so good.Though it _ nearly four hours，few people left early.Acovered Breached Clasted Dplayed9Spring has come.We can't _ the plan.The trees must be planted this week.Aput off Bmake upCcome up with Dlo

30、ok up10Jason，I can't get Sue on the phone.I'm seeing her this afternoon.Do you want me to _ any message？Apass on Bfind outClook up Dwork on11Children _ sit in the front seat of a car.It's too dangerous.Aneed Bneedn't Cmust Dmustn't12_ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour a

31、go.Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.AMay BMust CCan DMight13We _ pay to get into the concert.It's free.Acan't Bmustn'tCmight not Ddon't have to14Is the man over there Mr.Brown?It _ him.He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup.Amay not Bcan't beCshouldn&#

32、39;t Dmustn't15You can hardly imagine the pleasure of talking on the Wechat (微信)Really？But it _ cause you much trouble if somebody gets your personal information.Amay Bneed Chas to16I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours?Yes，you _AcanBmust Ccould Dshould17If you _ smoke，please go outs

33、ide.Acan Bmay Cmust Dmight18It _ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth.Atakes Bspends Ccosts Dpays19This is quite a new phrase.Right.It has already _ the language.Aspoken Bused Centered Dcovered20Recycling is good，so don't _ bottles or newspapers. Afind out Bh

34、and in Cuse up Dthrow away21iPhones and iPads are so popular these days.Yes，they can _ our eyes to the outside world. Aturn up Bopen upCcall up Dthink up22. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _English on the radio the day bore yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught23. I dont think I _ you

35、in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see24. Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive. A. must B. can C. mustnt D. cant25. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ ! Would you like some? A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels26. “ Mr. Zhu, youd

36、better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor. A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat27. “Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife. A. do B. to do C. does D. did28. Sorry, I cant hear you clearly. Will you please _

37、your E-mail address? Ill write it down. A. review B. recite C. report D. repeat29. Dont _ your coat, Tom! Its easy to catch cold in spring. A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out30. You _ go and ask Meimei. She _ know the answer. A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may二. 用所给动词的

38、适当形式填空1. No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out _ (ride) the waves.2. -What do you use the key for? -It is _ (use) for making the robot work.3. No news _ (be) good news. Im sure Jane is still all right.4. -Are you feeling better these days? -Yes, much better. I _ as well

39、 as these days for a long time.5. It _ (rain) heavily, youd better not go out now.6. The city of Xian _ (become) cleaner and cleaner.7. The boys enjoy _ (see) fight films very much.8. He left the room without _ (say) goodbye.9. Rice _ (grow) in the south of China.10. Many trees _ (plant) in our scho

40、ol yard these years.三. 用方框中所给的动词或动词词组的适当形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通顺，每个动词或动词词组只能用一次Allow, fall, not be, phone, receive, show, send for, pay for, be used for, turn it off, keep on1. Its rather hot today, but the weather report says the temperature _ to 28C tomorrow.2. “Remember, nobody _ to eat or drink in the c

41、omputer room,” the assistant said to the new students.3. Hi, Mike! I _ your invitation. Thank you very much. Ill come on time.4. This time yesterday I _ the foreigners around the ancient church.5. My uncle phoned the booking office of the airline, and he was told there _ any flights to Singapore in

42、the following three days because of the bad weather.6. Dont lose heart and _ trying.7. Dont watch TV. Its too late. Please _ and go to bed right now.8. Computers are useful. They can _ sending E-mail.9. If youve lost this book, you have to _ it.10. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. _ a doc

43、tor, please.参考答案一.1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A11.D 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.A16.A 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.D 21.B 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.D 29.B 30.D二. 1.riding 2.used 3.is 4.have not felt 5.is raining 6. is becoming 7.seeing 8.sayig 9.is grown 10.have been planted三. 1.will fall 2.is allowed 3.have received 4.was showing 5.would not be 6.keep on 7.turn it off 8.be used for 9.pay for 10.Send for