备考2022中考英语中考冲刺讲义2-代词名词数词 阅读B篇.docx

《备考2022中考英语中考冲刺讲义2-代词名词数词 阅读B篇.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《备考2022中考英语中考冲刺讲义2-代词名词数词 阅读B篇.docx（27页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、中考冲刺辅导教案2课程主题：代词、名词、数词、B篇学习目标1.掌握语法重点2.掌握B篇的做题方法教学内容课前热身：1.The_ to Hainan Island has been canceled because of the heavy snow. (fly)【答案】flight2.It's cold today. Please_ the milk in the microwave oven before you drink (hot)【答案】heat3.Henry's stories often have unexpected endings. They are_ welc

2、omed.(wide)【答案】widely4.Many terrible traffic accidents happen because of _ driving. (care)【答案】careless5.The volunteers give food and clothes to the homeless in _ weather. ( freeze) 【答案】freezing6.We know that it is _ of students to cheat in exams. ( honest)【答案】dishonest7.Ann spoke the most _ of all t

3、he students in the school speech contest. ( accurate)【答案】accurately 8.The well-known restaurant will _10 new dishes next month. (service)【答案】serve9.Road _ has been paid much attention to since last year. (safe)【答案】safety10.Were expecting a new in the family soon.(arrive)【答案】arrival布告栏My secretary be

4、gan to post unusual news articles,cartoons and pictures of faraway lands on our office bulletin board. 我的秘书开始在我们办公室的布告栏里张贴一些奇持的新闻、卡通和风景画等。Although she changed the items on a regular basis，no one mentioned her efforts.Eventually she put up a notice stating that she would give one dollar to the f

5、irst person who read the announcement and informed her about it. 按时更换，但从未有人提到过她所做出的努力。终于她贴出了一张告示说，谁要是第一个看到她贴的通知，就可以告诉她，那个人就能从她那里得到一美元。Two weeks later, she received her first acknowledgement，a handwritten reply left on her desk:"I just wanted you to know how much I enjoy your interesting bu

6、lletin board. The Cleaning Lady.”两周后，她接到了第一个正式的通知。在她的桌上留着一张字条:“我只想让你知道，我非常喜欢看那有趣的布告栏。清洁工。”词汇学习：faraway遥远的；恍惚的；偏远bulletin board公告牌on a regular basis经常；例行的；有规律的no one没有人put up张贴；举起；建造；提高；提供食宿； 直接行动first person第一人Cleaning Lady清洁女工知识精讲：知识点一：名词【知识梳理】考点1：名词的单复数变化1）大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，以ch，sh，s，x等结尾，则加es；2）以o结

7、尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余加s；3）以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；4）英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如childchildren，mousemice，deerdeer，sheepsheep，ChineseChinese，oxoxen，manmen，womanwomen，footfeet，toothteeth。关于以O结尾，加上-es变复数的单词，我们可以这样记住：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，那么negro, hero, tomato, potato便可以很快记住了。考点2： 可数名词和不可数名词的数量表

8、达 可数名词与不可数名词的数量表达只能修饰可数名词few, a few, quite a few, many, too many, a (large) number of,several只能修饰不可数名词little, a little, quite a little, much, too much, an amount of, a large amount of, huge amounts of, a great deal of.可数名词与不可数名词皆可修饰some, any, lots of, a lot of , plenty of, enough,名词单数变复数口诀(一) 规则变化 名

9、词单数变复数，直接加 -s 占多数； s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上 -es； 词尾是 f 或 fe，加 -s 之前先变 ve； 辅母 + y 在词尾，把 y 变 i 再加 -es； 词尾字母若是 o，常用三个已足够， 要加 -es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。 (二) 不规则变化 男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee； 老鼠虱婆也好记，ouse 变 ic； 孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。2、1）名词可数性：专有名词不可数：人名 地名 国家。2）物质名词不可数： 金 木 水 火 土 沙 肉 食 米 面 布 茶 咖啡 果汁 牛奶 酒 钢铁 玻璃

10、 煤 油 墨水 作业 纸 粉笔 头发 新闻 天 气 天气。 3）抽象名词不可数：幸福 时光 爱情 知识 力量 发明 仁慈 友谊 关系 青春 信息 勇气 。【例题精讲】例1.The community has plenty of _ for the elderly to communicate with each other.（2018年徐汇区二模）A.room B.class C. program D. game 【答案】A【解析】BCD都是可数名词，需要变复数，故用A例2.How much_do you have on you?（2018年徐静安二模）A. moneyB. coinC. ke

11、y D.bill 【答案】A【解析】How much后加不可数名词，BCD都是可数名词【巩固练习】1.These students collected much_ on the Internet before starting their research A.picturesB)materialsC)information D)stories 2.There is little _ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some for breakfast. A) tomato B) potato C) egg D)bread3.There is little _ t

12、hat robots will take the place of humans in the future.A. ideaB. chanceC. accidentD. problem4.We can get more _ about international affairs on the Internet than before.A. report B. book C. information D. suggestion5.I was late for school because of too much_on the road this morning.A.traffic B. acci

13、dents C.passengers D.people6.The doctor gave me some useful _ on how to improve my physical health.A) suggestion B) message C) medicine D) advice7.Uncle Tom raises many _ on his farm and we often go there for a visit.A.sheepB.horseC.pigD.bird 8.They got much important _for their survey from those ne

14、w books.A) ideas B) photos C) information D) stories 9.My English teacher often gives us much_on how to write a good composition.A)advice B)choices C)books D) ways10.The farmers in that village raise a lot of _ and make much money every year.A) duck B) sheep C) horse D) cow【答案】CDBCA DACAB知识点二：代词【人称、

15、物主、反身代词大PK】1、人称代词表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们、他们/她们/它们的词叫人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。数格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he/she/ithim/her/ittheythemImportant Usage 人称代词主格在句中作主语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语He sits in front of me. I often help him.他坐在我前面。我经常帮助她。在英语中出现多个人称代词时，单数按照你、他、我的顺序排列，即you，he/she（him/her）and I/me;复数按照“我们

16、”“你们”“他们”的顺序排列，即we/us, you and they/them.You，he and I will work together.你、我和他将在一起工作。2、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，物主代词有人称和数的变化。数人称类别单数复数我的你的他/她/它的我们的你们的他们的/她们的/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhis，her，itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis，hers，itsoursyourstheirsImportant Usage形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只作定语，其后必须跟名词

17、。My son usually does his homework after dinner every day.我儿子通常每天晚饭后做作业。名词性物主代词相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语等，其后不可跟名词。These are their new books. Ours are over there.这些是他们的新书。我们的（新书）在那边。I left my dictionary at home. May I use yours？我的词典忘在家里了。我可以用一下你的吗？名词前有了形容词性物主代词时，不能再加冠词、指示代词等限定词。（）my mobile phone （×） my a

18、 mobile phone （×）a my mobile phone（）her book （×） this her book （×）her this book名词+of+名词性物主代词，表示双重所有关系。I met a friend of mine at the airport yesterday.昨天我在机场遇见了我的一个朋友。形容词性物主代词+own或名词+of +ones own，表示强调“属于自己的”。I wont believe it until I see it with my own eyes.直到我自己亲眼看到我才会相信它。We have a ca

19、r of our own.我们有自己的小汽车。3、反身代词表示“我（们）自己”“你（们）自己”“他、她、它（们）自己”。反身代词由人称代词或物主代词+self或+selves构成。其中单数+self，复数+selves。数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself, herself, itselfthemselvesImportant Usage反身代词与它指代的名词或代词是互指关系，在人称、数、性别上保持一致。Youd better take good care of yourself. 你最好照顾好你自己。反身代词常

20、跟在for、of、by等介词后，构成固定短语。I worked out the problem by myself. 我独自解出了这道题。The wolf decided to see what happened for himself. 狼决定亲自去看看发生了什么事。The computer can shut off of itself. 这台计算机会自动关机。含反身代词的常用短语say to oneself 心里想 help oneself to 随便吃 teach oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 by oneself 独自

21、地Help yourselves to some cakes, boys. 孩子们，随便吃些蛋糕。高频考点2【不定代词大杂烩】1、other、the other、another、others、the others、the rest的用法及区别概念用法搭配another泛指三者以上的“另一个”，the other表示“两者当中的另一个”others指“别的一些人或物”other表示“其他的”the others表示“其余所有的人或物”指代单数时，若是泛指，用another；若是特指，则用the other。指代复数时，若是泛指，用other修饰名词的复数形式；若是特指，用the other修饰名

22、词的复数形式Onethe other.“一个另一个” 范围是只有两个。others不能作定语，表示复数意义，相当于“other+复数名词”；the others相当于“the other+复数名词”。some(the) others.“一些另一些”，加the表示特指，不加the表示泛指。another一般表示单数，其后接可数名词的单数形式。the rest表示“剩余部分；其余”，指代可数名词或不可数名词。2、either both neither; any all none; 比较两者三者及以上肯定（修饰单数）eitherany肯定（修饰复数）bothall否定（修饰复数）neithernon

23、e做题技巧1. 找范围（两者 or 三者）；2. 找所修饰名词的单复数；3. 找谓语动词的单复数；4. 注意隐藏的范围信息；5. 句意理解也重要；6. either/neither做连词时，就近原则。3、little和a little；few和a few可数不可数肯定a fewa little肯定fewlittle说明：在与only, still, just, quite连用时用肯定形式，即a few, a little. 例：- How much time do we have? - Only _. A. a few B. little C. a little D. a lotKEY: C4

24、、some&any肯定句(1) 用于希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句 1. adj. (2) 可数名词(复数) &不可数名词some (3) 可数名词(单数) 表“未确指的人、事物或地点” 2. pron. Some. others; Some. the others; 否定句(1) 用于疑问句 1. adj. 肯定句（修饰可数名词单数，表“任何一个”） any (2) 可数名词&不可数名词2. pron. any & either 相关例句与用法:Would you like some tea?Mom, could you give me some money?Y

25、ou may take any of them. You can get the book at any of the bookstores. some和any构成的复合不定代词适用句型同some和any. 5、none & nobody & no one & nothing none: 3；人和物；与of短语连用；回答How many/much提问的疑问句；no one = nobody: 人；不与of短语连用；回答who提问的疑问句；nothing: 物；不与of短语连用；回答what提问的疑问句。6、one，ones的区别及用法二者都用于指代前面所提到的名词，以避

26、免重复。one表示“泛指”，指代单数可数名词；ones表示“泛指”，指代复数可数名词。高频考点3【疑问代词】疑问代词有who,whom,whose,which,what. 做主语是，谓语动词根据他们的代表的数确定。如果不清楚数量，多用单数。Who is he playing with on the playground? 他和谁在操场上玩？What is in the box? 盒子里有什么？who, whom的意思都是“谁”，whom只能跟在动词或介词后作宾语；who可做主语，宾语和表语，可代替whom作宾语(但如果紧跟在介词后则必须用whom). Who helped him with h

27、is homework yesterday? 昨天谁帮他做的作业？ Whom/ Who was the car invented by? =By whom was the car invented? 汽车是谁发明的？whose 的意思都是“谁的”，可单独使用，也可放在名词前作定语。 Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班级里谁的字写得最好？ Whose are these books on the desk? 桌子上的这些书是谁的？which的意思都是“哪一个，哪些”，可指人或物。 what的意思都是“什么”。在指定范围的选择时常用wh

28、ich, 而what通常用来泛指“哪一类” Which language do you like best, English, Chinese or Japanese? 哪种语言你最喜欢，英语，汉语还是日语？ What language do you like best? 你最喜欢什么语言？高频考点4【指示代词】1指示代词this (这，这个)，these (这些) 常常指时间或空间上较近的人或物； that (那，那个)，those (那些) 常常指时间或空间上较远的人或物；This is my computer. That is yours. 这是我的电脑。那是你的。These gifts

29、 are for us and those ones are for them. 这些礼物是给我们的，那些是给他们的。2 this/that 用来指上文已提到或已知的人或事物。译为 “这，这个/那，那个”。The boy was afraid and the dog had sensed this. 男孩害怕了，狗已觉察到这一点。He hurt himself on the way home, and that was why he didnt come.在回家的路上他弄伤了自己，这就是他没来的原因。3 that可用来代替上文提到过的有定语修饰的不可数名词。The population of

30、China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的人口多。The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Dalian in summer.在夏天，上海的天气比大连热。4 those用来代替上文提到过的有定语修饰的复数可数名词。The students in their class are more active than those in our class. 他们班的学生比我们班的学生活跃。5打电话时，用this代指 “我”，用that代指“你”。This is Linda speaking. Who

31、s that? 我是琳达。你是谁？A: Is that Mary speaking? 你是玛丽吗？B: Yes, this is Mary. 是的，我是玛丽。【例题精讲】例1.Jennifer has two children and _ of them was born in winter.（2018年徐汇一模） A.bothB.someC.allD.neither 【答案】D【解析】考察不定代词，前文two表明了范围是两个，而且谓语动词是was为单数，所以选择neither例2.Volunteers help with research and animal rescue, and the

32、y teach_about sea life. （2018年杨浦一模）A)otherB)othersC) the otherD) another【答案】B【解析】根据意思，是其他人。没有范围的，所以用others。【巩固练习】1.Do you see that good-looking young man? is a famous Korean film star.A) He B) His C) HimD) Himself2.Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by_.A) I B) meC) myD) myself 3.The ret

33、ired couple have decided to go to college. Its time for _ to begin a new life.A)they B) them C) their D) theirs4.I cant connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _ wrong with it.A) something B)everythingC)anythingD)nothing5.It was careless of _ to have made so many spelling mistakes in the

34、article.A) I B) me C) my D)mine6.I dont quite understand what you said. Would you please give us _example?A)other B) another C) the other D) others7.Mrs. Brown often goes to visit those AIDS patients in hospitals to cheer_up.A)they B)them C)themselves D)theirs8.I have got three tickets for the conce

35、rt. One is for today and _ are for tomorrow.A) the other B) others C) the others D)another9.Which is _ favorite monkey character, Abu or Monchhichi?A. she B. herC. hersD. herself10.I phoned Peters offices several times this morning, but_answered. A) somebody B) anybody C) everybody D) nobody【答案】BBBC

36、B BBABD知识点三：数词知识梳理一、基数词的构成和用法1基数词的构成（1）112的基数词是独立的单词，有其各自的形式：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。（2）1319的基数词以-teen结尾，如：fourteen，sixteen，seventeen等，但13 thirteen, 15 fifteen，18 eighteen的拼写较特殊。（3）2090十位的整数都以ty结尾, 如：sixty，seventy，ninety，但20 twenty，30 thirty，40 forty

37、，50 fifty，80 eighty的拼写较特殊。（4）其他两位数的基数词，在十位数与个位数之间加连字符“-”。如：28 twentyeight，96 ninetysix。（5）三位数101999先说“几百”，再说and，再加末尾两位数（或末位数）。如：358 three hundred and fifty-eight。2基数词的用法（1）当表示具体数量时，hundred，thousand，million前面用具体的基数词或 several，many等词修饰，只能用作单数形式；表示模糊数量时，hundred，thousand，million要用复数形式，并且和of连用，表示“成百上千”、“成

38、千上万”和“成百万上千万”；表示“在中占（多少）”，hundred，thousand，million可同时与具体的基数词和of连用。There are two thousand students in our school.Thousands of people took part in the winter running.比较: Two hundred of the students in our took part in the reading contest last week.（2）“基数词单数名词”和“基数词单数名词形容词”结构，可以构成复合形容词，这些词之间必须用连字符“-”连接

39、，如： tenminute，sixyearold等。复合形容词只能作定语。（3）基数词的复数形式，可以表示“在某人几十多岁”和“在几世纪几十年代”。My uncle began to learn Japanese in his thirties（在他三十多岁时）比较: My uncle began to learn Japanese at the age of thirty.He is one of the best writers in the nineteen eighties（在二十世纪八十年代）（4）基数词也可以表示顺序，如：Lesson Five，Chapter Three等。在这种

40、用法中，通常不需要用冠词，第一个字母需大写，且基数词在名词的后面。（5）“基数词单位名词（数量大于1时用复数）形容词”这种短语，可以表示具体的高度、宽度、深度、距离等含义。如：twenty meters high，five hundred meters away等。二、序数词的构成和用法1序数词的构成（1）序数词的基本构成一般是在相应的基数词后加th，但要注意一些基数词变为序数词的不规则变化如：onefirst, twosecond, threethird，fivefifth, eighteighth, nine -ninth, twelve-twelfth.（2）以ty结尾的基数词变序数词的

41、规则是把y改为ie，再加th。如：twentytwentieth, forty -fortieth. sixty - sixtieth, fifty -fiftieth.（3）其他的两位数和多位数的序数词，只将个位的基数词变为序数词，前面的位数不变。如：twenty-one -twenty-first, three hundred and eighty-seventhree hundred and eighty-seventh。（4）整百位数的序数词在词尾加-th，如：one hundredone hundredth。2序数词的用法（1）“序数词形容词最高级”构成的短语，表示“第几（大，长）”

42、等含义。This is the second longest river in the world.（2）序数词前面一般有定冠词修饰，但也有例外，如：在序数词前面有物主代词时。They celebrated her eightieth birthday表示“再一、又一”的意思时。 Well read it a second time我们得再看一遍。（3）序数词作为街道名称时，如：Fifth Avenue第五大道。三、分数、小数和百分比的表达1分数的表达：由“分子（基数词）分母（序数词）”构成，分子如果大于1，分母序数词用复数形式，分子和分母之间一般用连字符连接。如：35读作 threefift

43、hs, 13读作 onethird。One-third of the students are in the classroom.Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water.2小数的表达：0.82读作 zero point eight two，7.45读作 seven point four five。3百分比的表达：45读作 fortyfive percent，67读作 sixtyseven percent。特别提示1/2可以用a（one）half表示；1/4, 3/4也可用 quarter表示。1/4读作 onefourth或 a quarter，3/4读作 threefourths或 three quarters。【例题精讲】1. My uncle served in the army in the 1950s when he was in his_.（2018年奉贤区二模）A) twenty B) twenty-two C) twenties D) twentieth【答案】C in on