考点07 形容词和副词辨析-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过.doc

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1、命题趋势：形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：1. 形容词的比较等级；2. 形容词词义辨析；3. 形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。中考考查重点：一、形容词词义辨析；二、形容词短语搭配；三、副词的基本用法；四、副词的分类；五、

2、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。考向一： 形容词的分类分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表

3、语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的考向二： 形容词的句法功能成分说明例句作定语一

4、般放在所修饰词的前面Its a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。做补足语作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。【知识拓展】1. 形容

5、词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗？There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. 去年，

6、我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)描绘性形容词大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词形状形容词年龄(新、旧)形容词颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶Keep all t

7、he windows _, its too hot in the room.A. openedB. openC. closed【答案】B【解析】由后半句可知房间里很热，故应该是打开窗户，此处应该用形容词open构成keep sth+adj.结构。故选B。考向三: 副词的基本用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。What happened?I asked, rather

8、angrily. 发生什么事情了？我相当生气地问。In spring, I can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？He will arrive before ten oclock.（介词，before ten oclock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。考向四: 副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：1. 时间副词：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, sti

9、ll1）表示发生时间的副词：Its beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2. 地点副词：here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home1）有不少表示地点的副词：Sh

10、e is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：用作介词：Stand up!起立！用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词： Its the same everywhere. 到处都一样。3. 方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。2）还有

11、相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。4. 程度副词：very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite5. 频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never1. I _ have breakfast at 7:00. But _ its 7:20. Im having my breakfast.A. usually; ofte

12、n B. often; usuallyC. sometimes; often D. usually; now 【答案】D【解析】本题的前半句表示的经常性的行为，可用频率副词，本题的后半句表示的是正在进行的动作，通常和now连用，故选D。2. George is very healthy. He _ goes to the doctor.A. always B. seldomC. often D. usually【答案】B【解析】句意：George非常健康，他很少去看医生。A总是；B很少；C经常；D通常；根据句意，故选B。6. 疑问副词：where, how, why7. 否定副词：no, no

13、t, neither, nor8. 其他副词：also, too, only考向五: 易混副词辨析英语中一些词加不加ly都是副词，但是意义差别很大。hard艰难地；hardly几乎没有They work very hard.他们工作非常努力。I hardly know her. 我不怎么认识她.Its raining so _ that we can _ go out now.A. hard; hardly B. hard; hardC. hardly; hardly D. hardly; hard【答案】A【解析】句意：外边的雨下得如此大以至于我们几乎不能出去。hard可以表示雨或雪大，ha

14、rdly是否定词，几乎不的意思，故选A。在英文中，应该注意hard和hardly的区别，hard可以作形容词或副词，意为努力，也可以指雨大或雪大，而hardly是副词，意为几乎不。在实际使用时，应注意它们的区别。late迟到；lately最近You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。Have you see him lately? 你最近见到过他吗？After getting up in the morning, my mother is used to reading the _ newspaper.A. late B. lately C. later D. latest

15、【答案】D【解析】句意：在早上起床后，我妈妈习惯了读最新的报纸。the latest 最新的。late 晚，迟到；lately最近； later后来，以后。根据句意，选D。pretty=very非常；prettily漂亮地The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。 The little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。 意思区别相近的，分别表示具体跟抽象的意思：close（具体距离上的）接近地、紧挨地；closely（抽象）亲密地They sat close together Who is clos

16、ely to you, your mom or your dad?Dr Kelly walked _ to the window to watch _ the short man shopping on the street. A.close; closely B. closely; closeC.close; close D.closely; closely【答案】A【解析】第一空是要走近窗户，close to sth.是离某物体很近的意思，所以用close；第二空填的词应该用来修饰watch，所以用副词closely。high(具体高度)高地；highly（抽象）高度地，赞赏地The ki

17、tes fly high in the sky. 这些风筝在天空飞得很高。His teachers think very highly of him.（老师们很欣赏他。）老师对他评价很高。The space ship flew _ in the space, and all the people around the world speak _ of our country. A. highly;highly B. high;highC. high;highly D. highly;high【答案】C【解析】太空飞船在太空中飞得很高，第一空指具体的高度；speak highly of意为对评价

18、很高，故选C。deep（空间的，具体）深度；deeply（抽象，感情上的）深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide具体距离很宽；widely广泛地The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。1.（2019 福建省）More and more people have

19、 realized that clear water and green mountains are as _ as mountains of gold a and silver. A. centralB. specialC. valuable2.（2019 兰州市）How _ it rained yesterday! We had to cancel our football match. A heavilyB. lightC. heavyD. lightly3.（2019 安徽省）The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients who a

20、re hundreds of kilometers away. Its really _. A. secretB. directC. amazingD. traditional4.（2019 安徽省）I came to school _ this morning because it was my turn to clean our classroom. A. earlyB. slowlyC. quietlyD. suddenly5.（2019 山东滨州市）The artist is so _ that he can make different changing pictures with

21、sand. A. commonB. carelessC. creativeD. helpful6.（2019 山东滨州市）Confucius Institute(孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries. Yes, Chinese is _ spoken in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese. A. hardlyB. widelyC. neverD. seldom7.（2019 江西省）Peter spoke so _ that I could hardly hear him.

22、A. loudlyB. quietlyC. clearlyD. patiently8.（2019 江苏省连云港市）While watching the film yesterday, I couldnt stop laughing at some _ moments. A. humorousB. challengingC. dangerousD. surprising9.（2019 山东省青岛市）My brother has a healthy living habit. He _ stays up late, and he is an early bird. A. usuallyB. har

23、dlyC. oftenD. always10.（2019 江苏省苏州市）Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _? A. quicklyB. happily C. slowlyD. clearly11.（2019 江苏省泰州市）How about the fruit salad? Yummy! It tastes very _. By the way, who made it? A. goodB. badC. wellD. badly12.（2019 浙江省温州市）Betty felt so tired last nigh

24、t that she _ fell asleep in bed after lying down. A. recentlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. immediately13.（2019 湖北省武汉市）Why not ask Bob to join us in the trip to the zoo tomorrow? Everyone in our group loves animals, but he always seems . A. anxiousB. personalC. cruelD. careless14.（2019 甘肃省敦煌市）I could _

25、control my feelings at the moment. The movie reminds me of my childhood. A. reallyB. nearlyC. slowlyD. hardly15.（2019 湖北省孝感市）How do you like this plan? _ Its just what Ive been expecting. A. Perfect.B. Terrible.C. Meaningless.D. Awful.16.（2019 江苏省宿迁市）Santaishan Forest Park is _ beautiful that it has

26、 become a hot tourist attraction. A. soB. veryC. suchD. quite17. （2019 重庆市B卷）Lisa made so many mistakes in her homework, because she didnt do it _ enough. A. carefullyB. busilyC. quicklyD. warmly18.（2019 重庆市A卷）Youd better leave _, or trouble will come to you. A. livelyB. friendly C. heavilyD. quickl

27、y19.（2019 河北）Ken was _ late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom. A. still                        B. always        

28、0;          C. already                   D. almost20.（2019 深圳市）Sarah seems to be confident about her performance tomorrow. So she is. Shes gotten prepared for it. A.

29、 sorryB. famousC. ready21.（2019 深圳市）I like country music. Its really exciting. What about you? I prefer electronic music. Its becoming more and more _. A. popularB. comfortableC. boring22. （2019 山西省）When we read a piece of news online, wed better make sure its _ before sending it to others. If not,

30、we may spread something bad. A. trueB. specialC. strange23.（2019 山西省）Our motherlands 70th birthday is coming. Great! We will hold many activities to celebrate it _. A. wiselyB. warmlyC. simply24.（2019 河南省中考）You dont like British breakfast, do you? Not _. I just need some time to get used to it. A. m

31、oreB. onlyC. trulyD. exactly25.（2019 哈尔滨市）Whats the weather like in summer here? Its hot. Sometimes it rains _. A. clearly B. heavilyC. carefully1. （江苏省南京市鼓楼区2019年九年级中考二模）Jenny, whats happened to you? You seem a bit angry.Bad luck. I was walking across the street when a car _ hit me.A. nearlyB. main

32、lyC. hardlyD. mostly2. （天津市北辰区2019年初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟）Why is your mother so happy?Because my brother _ bowed to her and said sorry for his bad action.A. hardlyB. nearlyC. politelyD. loudly3. （天津市南开区2018-2019学年度九年级第二学期三模）She spoke _ so that everyone could write down what she said.A. safelyB. quicklyC. slo

33、wlyD. friendly4. （山东青岛市集团校联考2019年初中学生学业水平模拟考试）When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help _.A. wiselyB. latelyC. widelyD. politely5. （天津市滨海新区2019年初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟）Im really _ when I speak English in class.Take it easy. Youre the best.A. nervousB. surprisedC. comfortabl

34、eD. confident6. （天津市滨海新区2019年初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟）They cheered us on _ and we felt more confident to win the game.A. angrilyB. loudlyC. suddenlyD. slowly7. （江苏省徐州市2019届九年级第二次模拟考试）Whats your cousin like? She is _. She never forgets the things she needs to do.A. organizedB. generousC. energeticD. curious8. （

35、吉林省长春市东北师大附中明珠校区2019届初三年级第二次综合测试）After winning the match, the players were so excited that they could _ speak.A. probablyB. hardlyC. reallyD. clearly9. （福建厦门2019年初中毕业班教学质量检测）My good friend always listens _ and gives me some advice.A. directlyB. carefullyC. quickly10. （江苏省江阴市澄要片2019年5月中考模拟）We felt so

36、rry when we learnt that the rhinos horns(犀牛角) were cut off while they were still _.A. liveB. livelyC. lovelyD. alive【真题再现】1. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。central 中心的；special 特别的；valuable 有价值的。题意为 越来越多的人意识到绿水青山就是金山银山，故选C。2. A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：昨天雨下得多大啊！我们不得不取消足球比赛。A. heavily大量地，副词；B. light轻的，形容词；C. heavy重的，形容词；D. lig

37、htly轻微地，副词。由句中的rained可知，应该用副词来修饰，排除B/C；又根据We had to cancel our football match. 我们不得不取消足球比赛。说明雨下的很大，因此排除D。故选C。3. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：5G技术能帮助医生治疗远在几百公里以外的病人。这真的太令人吃惊了。secret秘密的；direct直接的；amazing令人吃惊的；traditional传统的。根据句意help doctors treat patients who are hundreds of kilometers away.可知，这是非常令人惊讶的，故应选C。4.

38、A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天早上我很早就来到学校，因为轮到我打扫我们的教室。early早地；slowly慢地；quietly安静地；suddenly突然地。根据句意because it was my turn to clean our classroom.轮到我打扫教室，故应来得比较早，选A。5. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位艺术家是如此有创造力，他可以用沙子创作出不同的变化画面。考查形容词辨析。A. 普通的；B. 粗心的；C. 有创造性的；D. 有用的。so +形容词/副词+ that引导结果状语从句，can表示能，根据he can make different cha

39、nging pictures with sand可知so creative符合句意，故选C。6. B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：孔子学院已经在许多国家建立起来了。是的, 中文在这些国家被广泛地使用。作为一个中国人，我为此感到自豪。考查副词辨析。A. 几乎不，表否定；B. 广泛地；C. 从不，表否定；D. 很少地，表否定。根据上文Confucius Institute (孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.和下文I am proud of that as a Chinese.可知ACD三项意思都不合句意，故选B。7. B【解析】考查副词

40、词义辨析。句意：彼得说话如此的小，以至于我几乎不能听到他。根据loudly大声地； quietly悄悄地； clearly清楚地，patiently有耐心地；根据I could hardly hear him.可知是悄悄地；所以选B。8. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：昨天当我在看电影时，在一些幽默的时刻我禁不住地笑了。A.幽默的；B.具有挑战性的；C.危险的；D.惊奇的。根据I couldnt stop laughing我禁不住地笑了可知，表示在一些幽默的时刻，故选A。9. B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥有一个健康的生活习惯。他几乎不熬夜，而且是早起的人。A. usually

41、通常；B. hardly几乎不；C. often经常；D. always总是。健康的生活习惯应该是不熬夜，故答案为B。10. D【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：你能大声点说话吗，这样我就能听清楚了? A. quickly迅速地；B. happily高兴地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. clearly清晰地。so that以至于，表目的；根据Could you speak in a loud voice可知clearly符合句意，故选D。11. A【解析】考查形容词、副词词义辨析。句意：水果沙拉怎么样？好极了！味道很好。顺便问一下，是谁做的？A. good好的，形容词；B. bad坏的，差的，形容

42、词；C. well好的，副词；当身体好讲时，是形容词；D. badly坏的，副词。本题的tastes是系动词，因此后面应该跟形容词，排除D；根据答语Yummy! 好极了！可知，应该是好吃，因此选项B不对；本题是指水果沙拉好吃，因此选项C不符合语境。故选A。12. D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Betty昨晚感觉太累了，以至于她躺在床上后很快就睡着了。考查副词辨析。A. recently最近；B. suddenly突然地；C. frequently频繁地；D. immediately很快、立刻。根据Betty felt so tired last night，Betty昨晚感觉太累了，可知她

43、应该是躺在床上后很快就睡着了，所以immediately符合语境，故答案选D。13. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么不让鲍勃加入明天去动物园的旅行？我们组内的每个人都爱动物，但是他看起来很残忍。A. 焦虑的；B. 个人的；C. 残忍的；D. 粗心的。根据Everyone in our group loves animals可知，每个人都喜欢动物，但是他看起来比较残忍，故选C。14. D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意此刻我几乎不能控制我的情绪，这个电影让我想起了我的童年。A.真地；B.差不多，几乎；C.慢慢地；D.几乎不。根据句意可知，表示我几乎不能控制自己的情绪，故选D。15. A

44、【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你觉得这个计划怎么样?很完美。它正是我所期待的。A. 完美的；B. 可怕的；C. 毫无意义的；D. 糟糕的。根据答语Its just what Ive been expecting.可知后面三项意思不合句意，故选A。16. A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：三台山森林公园是如此美丽，它已经成为一个热门的旅游景点。考查副词辨析。so/such that是固定结构，表示如此以至于，引导结果状语从句，可排除B、D两项；so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词或名词性短语。本句beautiful（漂亮的）是形容词，需用so修饰；根据句意结构和语境，可知选A。17. A【

45、解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：丽莎在作业中犯了很多错误，因为她做得不够仔细。A. carefully认真地，仔细地；B. busily容易地；C. quickly快速地；D. warmly热情地。结合语境可知，因丽莎做题不够认真而导致出现了大量的错误，故答案为A。18. D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。结合空格前后内容可推知，此处指你最好赶快离开，否则麻烦会找上你。19. D【解析】考查副词词义的辨析。由The bell rang right after he entered the classroom可知铃声正好是在他进入教室之后响的，所以是差点迟到。A、B、C选项分别为仍然、总是、和已经，只有D 几乎 符合题意，故选D。20. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：莎拉似乎对她明天的表演很有信心。是的。她已经准备好了。prepared，形容词，意为事先准备好的；A 选项 sorry，意为抱歉的，遗憾的；B 选项 famous， 意为著名的；C 选项 ready，意为准备好的。故答案选 C。21. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢乡村音乐。它令人兴奋。你呢？。我更喜欢电子音乐。它现在越来越受欢迎了。A 选