考点38 短文填空之自由填空-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）.doc

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1、考点38 短文填空之自由填空把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空810个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。二、满分技巧1. 解题步骤：（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；（

2、3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什

3、么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。A下文是是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生活的小贴士（tips)，请根据上下文，把短文填充完整，每空一词。Tips for teenagersStep 1: Be active in class Giving a speech in class might be_71_ but it helps to make you feel more confident(自信）. It's OK_72_ you give the wrong answer. All smart students do and your classmates won't really

4、 care.Step 2: Getting enough rest People can't _73_ well when they are tired. Make sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks.Step 3: Develop healthy habits Starting your young life _74_good habits helps you have a healthy future. Do some exercise and eat healthy_75_.【答案】71. difficult 72. i

5、f 73. workstudydo 74. with 75. food【解析】本文是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生活的建议：课上要活跃；要有足够的休息；养成健康的习惯。【71题详解】句意：在课堂上演讲可能很难，但它有助于让你感到更自信.连词but前后表示转折关系，but后表示在课上做演讲的好处，因此but前表示在课上做演讲的困难，作为系动词be的表语，用形容词，故填difficult。【72题详解】句意：如果你回答错了，也没关系。根据“All smart students do and your classmates won't really care.”可知，聪明的学生都这么做（犯错误）

6、，你的同学不会真的在乎。因此如果回答错了，也没有关系。故填if。73题详解】句意：人们累了就不能很好地工作或学习或做事。根据“Make sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks.”可知，确保你有足够的睡眠和学习休息。因此人们累了就不能很好地工作，学习或做事。故填workstudydo。【74题详解】句意：从小养成好习惯能帮助你拥有健康的未来。start with用开始，用好习惯开始，with good habits。故填with。【75题详解】句意：做一些运动，吃健康的食物。根据“Develop healthy habits”和“eat”可

7、知，要养成健康的习惯，因此要吃健康的食物，故填food。BLast Saturday, I went out to see a film after supper. On my _36_ to the cinema, I met an Englishman. He looked puzzled (茫然的). So I walked up to him and said _37_ to him. His first_38_ was Kevin. I asked if I could help him. He told me he got _39_. He couldnt find his way

8、 to the hotel. So I gave up_40_ the film and took him to his hotel. While going there, I told him the great changes that had taken place _41_ my hometown in the past few years. Kevin told me _42_ interesting about his country.Though I didnt see_43_ film, I felt very happy. I had not only helped Kevi

9、n get out of trouble, _44_ also practiced my spoken English. I also realized that if I had not worked _45_ at English, I would not have been able to help Kevin.【答案】36. way 37. hello/hi 38. name 39. lost 40. watching/seeing 41. in 42. something 43. the 44. but 45. hard【解析】文章讲述了在上个星期六，作者在去看电影的途中遇到了一位迷

10、路的英国人，所以作者放弃了去看电影，带着这位英国人到了他所住的酒店。两人不停地谈了一路，虽然没有看成电影，但作者很高兴，因为作者不仅帮了这位英国人还练习了英语口语。【36题详解】句意：我在去电影院的路上遇到了一个英国人。此处考查固定短语on one's way to “在去的路上”。故填way。【37题详解】句意：所以我走到他跟前跟他打招呼。根据“I walked up to him”可知，此处应该是过去跟他打招呼，say hello/hi to sb. 给某人打招呼。故填hello/hi。【38题详解】句意：他的名字叫凯文。根据“Kevin”可知，这是这位英国人的名字。first n

11、ame“名字”。故填name。【39题详解】句意：他告诉我他迷路了。根据“He couldnt find his way to the hotel.”判断，凯文是迷路了。get lost迷路。故填lost。【40题详解】句意：所以我放弃了看电影，带他去了旅馆。根据“took him to his hotel.”可知，作者是放弃了看电影。看电影：watch/see a film。give up doing sth. 放弃做某事。故填watching/seeing。【41题详解】句意：我告诉他过去几年我家乡发生的巨大变化。此处应该填一个介词，在我的家乡：in my hometown。故填in。【4

12、2题详解】句意：凯文告诉我一些关于他的国家的有趣的事。根据“Kevin told meinteresting about his country.”可知，此处应该填一个复合不定代词，又是肯定陈述句，因此填something；something interesting“一些有趣的事”。故填something。【43题详解】句意：虽然我没有看成电影，但我感到非常高兴。根据“I went out to see a film after supper.”可知，此处是指上文提到的电影，因此用定冠词the。故填the。【44题详解】句意：我不仅帮助凯文摆脱了困境，而且还练习了我的英语口语。此处考查连词no

13、t onlybut also“不但而且”。故填but。【45题详解】句意：我也意识到，如果我不努力学习英语，我就无法帮助凯文。此处的work是动词，因此用副词修饰，work hard“努力学习”。故填hard。CMozart is one of the greatest composers who ever lived. He was born in 1756. When Mozart was three years old. He learned to play _54_ harpsichord, which is a kind of piano. Mozart began to compo

14、se his own music at the age of five, and his father took him all over Europe to perform for kings and queens when he was still a child.Mozart could write down a piece of music _55_ if he had only heard it once. One day he went to hear a group of people singing in a big church in Rome. The song was v

15、ery special. It was _56_ only once a year and only in the church. No one else was allowed to have the music. Mozart listened to the song. Although it was very difficult and long, Mozart went back home and wrote down the _57_ piece from memory. The head of the church heard about this, _58_ of being a

16、ngry with Mozart, he gave him a prize.When Mozart grew up, people were not as interested in him _59_ before. He worked as a _60_ and a pianist, he taught people how to play the harpsichord, but he did not make much money. In 1791, he died at the age of thirty-five. He was so poor that there was not

17、enough money for him to have a proper grave. No one knows _61_ he is buried.【答案】54. the 55. even 56. sung 57. whole 58. instead 59. as 60. teacher 61. where【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述莫扎特的生平事迹以及他听一次就能写下整段音乐的音乐天赋。【54题详解】句意：他学会弹奏大键琴，大键琴是钢琴一种。根据harpsichord可知此处是一种乐器，前面需用定冠词the。故答案为the。【55题详解】句意：莫扎特能写下一段音乐，即使他只听过一次这

18、段音乐。此处用连词even if引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”。故答案为even。【56题详解】句意：这首歌人们只唱了仅仅一年，只允许在教堂唱。根据“a group of people singing in a big church”可知此处表达这首歌被人们唱，用一般过去时的被动was sung。故答案为sung。【57题详解】句意：虽然这首歌很难很长，但是莫扎特回到家就凭记忆写出了整首歌。piece前缺形容词修饰，此处用the whole表示“整个的，全部的”。故答案为whole。【58题详解】句意：教堂的首领听说此消息，没有对莫扎特生气，而是给他一个奖励。根据“he gave him a

19、prize”可知此处表示的是否定，用instead of doing表示“而不是”。故答案为instead。【59题详解】句意：当莫扎特长大之后，人们不再像以前那样对他感兴趣。此处用“not asas”表示“不再像那样”，此处用as before。故答案为as。60题详解】句意：他做一个老师和钢琴家，他教人们怎样弹奏大键琴，但是他没有赚多少钱。根据“he taught people how to play the harpsichord”可知他的工作是老师，根据a可知此处用单数名词teacher。故答案为teacher。【61题详解】句意：没有人知道他被埋在什么地方。动词knows后面是宾语从

20、句，根据buried可知此处指的是地点，用where。故答案为where。DAs we all face the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒), protecting yourself is the same as protecting others. Here is some safety _54_ for you from the World Health Organization (WHO) to help prevent the coronavinus.Stay away from crowds and wear masks The virus can spre

21、ad from person to person. If you have to go to crowded places, remember to wear a mask. Keep at least one meter of distance between _55_ and others, especially those who are coughing or sneezing.Why? The coronavirus can be spread through mucus droplets (粘液飞沫) and travel one to two meters in the air

22、before falling to the ground. The droplets can be spread _56_ by sneezing or coughing than by speaking. If you are too close, you can take in the virus. Wearing a mask can prevent droplets from reaching your face or mouth.Open the window to ventilate (通风) the room Keep proper indoor ventilation whil

23、e you're at home. Open windows to let in fresh air during the day. It's best to do this three times a day for 15 minutes to half an hour each time.Why? According to the research, indoor air is often more polluted than outdoor air. The simple act of opening a window even in cold weather can r

24、educe the pollution. Therefore, keep the window open, _57_ you may catch the virus when it builds up to a certain amount.Keep up good habits Still, it's necessary for you to keep healthy habits such as eating a balanced and exercising often, as well as getting _58_ sleep. Why? Doing these things

25、 can _59_your immune system (免疫系统), making it less likely for you to catch the virus. Good habits are directly related to fewer illnesses and better health. Wash hands properly Remember to wash your hands before eating, after going to the bathroom, coming home, coming into contact with rubbish and t

26、ouching animals. Avoid _60_ your eyes, nose and mouth before washing your hands.Why? Your hands might touch surfaces that can be polluted by the virus. This is especially important when you open doors which have been used by quite a few people. Washing your hands often _61_ soap and water for at lea

27、st 20 seconds can stop the virus from entering your body.54. _55. _56. _57. _58. _59. _60. _61. _【答案】54. advice 55. you 56. more easily 57. or 58. enough 59. strengthen 60. touching 61. with【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要针对预防新冠肺炎提出的几个建议。【54题详解】句意：以下是世界卫生组织(WHO)为您提供的一些预防冠状病毒的安全建议。根据下文“Stay away from crowds and wear

28、masks ”和Keep up good habits”等可知是针对新冠肺炎的预防提出的一些建议，结合空前“Here is some safety”可知此处填不可数名词advice表示“建议”。故填advice。【55题详解】句意：与他人保持至少一米的距离，尤其是咳嗽或打喷嚏的人。根据前面“If you have to go to crowded places, remember to wear a mask.”可知主语是you，故后面说的是你要和别人保持距离。故填you。【56题详解】句意：比起说话，打喷嚏或咳嗽更容易传播飞沫。根据常识可知打喷嚏或者咳嗽的力度会大于说话，因此传播飞沫会更容易

29、，且句中有than，说明要用比较级,修饰be spread用副词easily的比较级。故填more easily。【57题详解】句意；因此，保持窗口打开，否则当病毒积累到一定数量时，您可能会感染病毒。根据题意可知前面要人保持窗户打开是对人的警告，意思是如果不开窗透气的话就有可能感染病毒，所以我们需要用在警告中的or 来表示否则。故填or。【58题详解】句意：而且，保持健康的生活习惯是很有必要的，比如饮食平衡，经常锻炼，睡眠充足。根据“Keep up good habits ”和常识可知好的生活习惯和健康的生活是要保证充足的睡眠的，故此处应填enough。故填enough。【59题详解】句意：做

30、这些事情可以增强你的免疫系统，降低你感染病毒的可能性。根据“making it less likely for you to catch the virus”可知是增强免疫系统就会降低感染的风险，故此处可用strength来表达增强。故填strengthen。【60题详解】句意：洗手前避免接触眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。根据“coming into contact with rubbish and touching animals”可知当你的手触摸过垃圾或者动物时是不能摸自己的眼睛鼻子嘴巴的，因为这样细菌就会进入人体，故此处填触摸touch，且前面是avoid，后面加动名词。故填touching。【61

31、题详解】句意：经常用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒可以阻止病毒进入你的身体。根据常识可知是用肥皂和水洗手，用工具之类的东西，我们一般用with来表达。故填with.A（2020 吉林省） (b) 根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。New Greeting WaysThe novel coronavirus has made a big difference _61_ our lives. In many countries, it has also changed the _62_ people greet each other. To help stop the spread of coron

32、avirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways. Let's _63_ at them.In France and Italy, people learn to use their _64_ to greet people instead of kissing or hugging. In Iran, people try to shake _65_ rather than shake hands. An official from the WHO gives us three sugges

33、tions: waving hands, Thai "wai" and bumping elbows.What do you think of these new greetings?本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在新冠病毒影响下，各个国家发明了新的、更为安全的问候方式。61. to【解析】句意：新型冠状病毒给我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。根据语境可知，新冠病毒给我们的生活产生了巨大的影响， make a difference to对有影响，固定短语。故答案为to。62. way (s) /style (s) 【解析】句意：在许多国家，它也改变了人们互相问候的方式。根据下文“T

34、o help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways”可知，新冠病毒的爆发改变了人们互相问候的方式。way、style均有“方式”的意思，均为可数名词，此处用其单复数形式均可。故答案为way (s) /style (s)。63. look【解析】句意：让我们看看它们。根据下文列举的“In France and Italy”人们之间问候的方式可知，此处应为“让我们看看这些问候的方式”。look看，动词，其中let sb do sth让某人做某事，

35、故此处应用其原形。故答案为look。64. eyes【解析】句意：在法国和意大利，人们学会用眼睛问候别人，而不是亲吻或拥抱。根据文章内容可知，在法国和意大利，人们学会了用眼睛来问候他人。句中空前their为形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词。eye眼睛，可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故答案为eyes。65. feet【解析】句意：在伊朗，人们试图摇脚而不是握手。根据文章内容可知，伊朗人现在尝试着摇脚，而不是握手。foot脚，此处应用其复数形式。故答案为feet。B（2020 吉林省）某校计划举行一次文艺表演活动，负责人Sandy向全校同学发出邀请。请根据下面的海报，帮助Jack和Alice补全其回

36、复的内容，每空一词。Students Wanted for School ShowTime: From 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.Friday, August 28thPlace: In the school music hallEmail: Sandy0717qq. comCome and show us!Dear Sandy,I am happy to get the information about the school show on _71_, August 28th. I want to _72_ in it. I'm good at singing and I c

37、an play the guitar, _73_. Could I get a chance please?Looking forward to your reply!JackDear Sandy,I'd like to take part in the school show in the music _74_. I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance. I really hope to _75_ myself. Can I be a member?Please reply to m

38、e soon.Alice【答案】71. Friday 72. join /be 73. too 74. hall 75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax这是一则学校的海报，介绍了学校演出活动的时间、地点、联系方式并号召大家参加。杰克和爱丽丝想要参加演出，写信给桑迪介绍自己的才能 。71. Friday【解析】句意：很高兴得知学校演出将在8月28日周五举行。根据“Friday, August 28th”可知举办的时间是周五，此处填Friday。故答案为Friday。72. join /be【解析】句意：我想要参加。表示“想要做某事”用动词短语want

39、 to do，此处表示“加入”用join in或者be in。故答案为join/be。 73. too【解析】句意：我擅长唱歌，而且我也会玩吉他。此处是肯定句，放在句末表示“也”用副词too。故答案为too。74. hall【解析】句意：我想要参加在音乐厅举行的学校演出。根据“Place: In the school music hall”可知地点状语是在音乐厅，此处用名词hall。故答案为hall。75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax【解析】句意：我真的很希望展示我自己/玩得开心/挑战自己/提升自己/放松自己。表示“希望做某事”用动词短语hop

40、e to do，此处填动词原形。根据“school show”及“I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance”可知此处可以用动词show表示“展示自己的才能”；或者enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”；或者challenge表示“挑战自己” ；或者improve表示“提升自己”；或者relax表示“让自己放松”。故答案为show/enjoy/challenge/ improve/relax。C（2020 河南省）One day, I was reading my favorite magaz

41、ine. My little girl 46 playing around me, which made my reading impossible. To get some peace, I tried a trick 47 keep her busy for a little while. I took a page out from my magazine with a printed map on it. I cut the map into pieces and handed them over to her, asking her to put those pieces toget

42、her and make 48 complete map again. But within several minutes, she was standing49 front of me with a perfect map in her little hands. Surprised, I asked her how she did it so quickly and easily. She smiled and said." Oh, Dad,50 is a man's face on the other side of the map. I just tried to

43、make his face completely."Then she turned and ran outside to play, leaving me eyes wide and mouth open. Word Banktrick 把戏文章讲述了作者一天在看杂志，孩子在旁边玩，作者为了让孩子能安静一会儿，把杂志上的一页地图取下来弄碎让孩子再拼回去，而不一会儿小女孩就拼好了，作者感到很惊讶，原来地图的背面是一张人脸，女孩只是拼好了人脸，所以地图也拼好了。46was【解析】句意：我在看我最喜欢的杂志，我的小女儿在我身边玩耍。根据句意理解及前句中的I was reading my f

44、avorite magazine可知，这里表达的是“我正在”，前面用的是过去进行时，所以这里也用过去进行时，空格后面是ing形式，且句子主语是单数名词，所以这里应该用was，47to故答案为was。47to【解析】句意：我耍了个花招让她忙一会儿。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“为了”，英语中用不定式来表示目的状语，所以空格应该用to，故答案为to。48a【解析】句意：我把地图弄成碎片，交给她，让她把这些碎片拼在一起，再做成一张完整的地图。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“一张完整的地图”，空格表达的是“一个”，英语是不定冠词a/ an，而空格后面的词是complete，是一个辅音音标开头的单词，

45、所以这里应该用a，故答案为a。49in【解析】句意：但几分钟后，她就站在我面前，小手拿着一张完美的地图。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“在前面”，英语是in front of，表示在外部的前面，所以空格缺的是in，故答案为in。50there【解析】句意：哦，爸爸，地图的另一边有一张男人的脸。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“有”，英语中表达“某地有某物”要用there be句型，所以这里应该用there，故答案为there。D（2020 湖南省岳阳市）E）阅读填空 根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Road-side business has become a ho

46、t topic recently. Premier （总理）Li Keqiang once said that road-side business can reflect common peoples life lively.Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school _41_ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.In the morning, they

47、had to _42_ up at 3 oclock. First, they went to the farm near the city to buy different _43_ of vegetables. To reduce （减少） the cost, they learn to bargain （讲价） with the farmers. Then they went back to the city as soon as _44_ to take up a street stall（摊位）.At about 6：30 a.m. after putting vegetables in order and nicer ones on top, they began to_45_ vegetables. They peddled