考点31 阅读理解之应用文-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）.doc

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1、考点31 阅读理解之应用文一、文章类型阅读理解之应用文包含广告、招聘、咨询和建议、通知等类型的文章。二、满分技巧解答广告图表类题，要仔细阅读表格中的内容，表格类阅读材料一般都直观地表达出所要传递的信息。考生只要能看懂各个项目的意义，即可找出所设问题的答案。这类材料一般不涉及难度太大的题目。纵观历年各省市的中考题可以看出广告图表类的文章在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重，一般四篇阅读理解中至少有一篇是广告图表类。广告图表类的文章属于应用文的行列。考生在阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手：一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画上的文字或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。AThe BB

2、C has listed the top 10 food trends for 2020. Take a look at some of them.Blended burgers A blended burger is still a burger, and its made of meat. But the patty (肉饼) mixes beef with kinds of plants, such as carrots, mushrooms or cabbage. These burgers are lower in fat but higher in fiber than tradi

3、tional burgers. They can satisfy peoples need for healthier and more environmentally-friendly food choices.Nootropic foodsFoods that are healthy for your brain are becoming increasingly popular. Nootropic foods are drugs or supplements that can make our brains healthier. Many of these foods are ones

4、 that you might already eat, such as nuts, eggs, fish and dark chocolate.Ugly produceIn supermarkets, we like to pick good-looking fruits or vegetables. But in fact, “ugly” produce is just as nutritious (有营养的) and delicious as good-looking produce. People care more about the problem of food waste. M

5、ore people are willing to buy imperfect fruits and vegetables，which may have gone to waste in the past.31. We can learn from the passage that will be more popular in 2020.A. beef burgersB. chocolateC. perfect vegetablesD. brain-healthy foods32. The purpose of this passage is to _.A. introduce food t

6、rends for 2020B. encourage people to try healthy foodC. tell people why these foods are healthyD. change peoples eating habits33. The passage is most probably from the column（栏目）of .A. CultureB. NewsC. FoodD. Health【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C【解析】文章大意：本文章主要向读者介绍了英国广播公司列出了2020年十大食品趋势，并对其中的几种进行了说明。【31题详解】细节理

7、解题。根据文中“Foods that are healthy for your brain are becoming increasingly popular. Nootropic foods are drugs or supplements that can make our brains healthier.” 对大脑有益的食物正变得越来越受欢迎。益智食品是可以使我们的大脑更健康的药物或补充剂。故答案为D。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，“The BBC has listed the top 10 food trends for 2020. Take a look at some

8、 of them.”英国广播公司列出了2020年十大食品趋势。让我们来看看其中的一些。可知，作者写作本文的目的是为了向读者介绍2020年的十大食品趋势，故答案为A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段，“The BBC has listed the top 10 food trends for 2020. Take a look at some of them.”英国广播公司列出了2020年十大食品趋势。让我们来看看其中的一些。可知，作者写作本文的目的是为了向读者介绍2020年的十大食品趋势。该类文章应出现在食品专栏，故答案为C。B (1)Hold fast to

9、60;dreams.For if dreams die,Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams. For when dreams go,Life is a barren field Frozen with snow. (2)Forget about

10、 the days when it's been cloudy.But don't forget your hours in the sun.Forget about the times you have been defeated. But don't forget the victories you 

11、have won.Forget about the misfortunes you have encountered.But don't forget the times your luck has turned.Forget about the days when you have been lonely. But don't forget

12、 the friendly smiles you have seen.Forget about the plans that didn't seem to work out right.But don't forget to always have a dream.31. There is a common subject in these two p

13、oems, that is _.A. dreamsB. daysC. the timesD. the sun32. How many pairs of rhymes (韵脚) are there in the first poem?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.33. After reading the second poem, do you know what is the purpose of the poet to write it?A. To tell readers to forget the past they used to experience.

14、B. To ask readers not to forget the failure they experienced.C. To ask readers to cheer for the past they used to experience.D. To tell readers to cheer up from the failure they experienced.【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D【解析】这是两首诗歌，第一首诗表明了梦想的重要性；第二首诗歌让我们对生活有一个积极的态度。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一首诗歌中“Hold fast to dreams.”以

15、及第二首诗歌“Forget about the plans that didn't seem to work out right. But dont forget to always have a dream”可知，两首诗歌都提到了梦想。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。朗读第一首诗可知，在这首诗歌中，die和fly，bird和field以及go和snow是三对押韵的韵脚。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二首诗歌的内容可知，这首诗中运用了五个排比句，且每个排比句都是转折关系，意在说明让我们忘记生活中悲伤、不快、失败的事情，而选择振作、积极、乐观。D选项“告诉读者从经历的失败中振

16、作起来”符合这首诗的含义。故选D。CThere are plenty of classics, but many kids find reading a boring and hard task. Yes, classic books do look frightening, but there's a lot of fun under the covers. Here are three interesting classic books for teens to enjoy. The Time Machine 时间机器 The time of publication: In 189

17、5 Writer: H. G. WellsThis novel tells the story of a man, known as Time Traveler, who invents a time machine that enables him to travel through time and visit the future. The novel is considered one of the earliest works of science fiction and the ancestor of the theme of "time travel".The

18、 Hobbit霍比特人 The time of publication: In 1937Writer: J. R. R. TolkienBilbo Baggins, a hero of the story, is a hobbit who lives a quiet life, until it is upset by a visit from a wizard named Gandalf. The wizard wants Bilbo to help find out where the gold is. Although it's a book full of adventure,

19、 it also has an important theme -perseverance(坚持不懈).To Kill A Mockingbird杀死一只知更鸟The time of publication: In 1960Writer: Harper LeeSet during the mid-1930s in a small town, this novel describes the life of the Finch family: Atticus and his son Jem and daughter Scout. The story is told by Scout who op

20、ens the novel as a grown woman reflecting back on key events in her childhood. The book has won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and become a classic of modern American literature.31. What is mentioned about classics?A. They are educational.B. They are boring and hard to get.C. Most kids love reading them.D.

21、 There's something interesting in these books.32. When was The Time Machine published?A. In the 1890sB. In the 1930sC. In the 1960sD. In the 1990s33. To Kill A Mockingbird is told through the eyes of_.A. Harper LeeB. AtticusC. Atticus's sonD. Atticus's daughter【答案】31. D 32. A 33. D【解析】这是

22、一篇应用文，文章主要用表格的方式介绍三本文学作品的出版时间、作者及人物故事梗概。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Yes, classic books do look frightening, but there's a lot of fun under the covers.”是的，经典文学看起来有点吓人，但是在封面下有很多乐趣。可知传统文学有一些有趣的东西。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“The time of publication: In 1895”可知时间机器出版时间是在19世纪90年代。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据“ this novel descri

23、bes the life of the Finch family: Atticus and his son Jem and daughter Scout. The story is told by Scout who opens the novel as a grown woman reflecting back on key events in her childhood”可知杀死一只知更鸟是从Atticus的女儿斯考特的角度来讲述。故选D。DMOVIE GUIDE THURSDAYMy Life as McDull 9:00 13:00CartoonMcDull is a little p

24、ig. Hes kind of silly but hes very cute. Do you want to be happy with him? Be sure to see it!Harry Potter III 17:00 21:00Science FictionNow Harry Potter has been in the wizardry school for three years. He begins a new life. How is everything going?Mr Bean 11:00 19:00ComedyRowan Atkinson is a great a

25、ctor. His movie Mr Bean is coming. Its very funny. Dont miss it.Rush Hour 15:00 23:00Action Movie Do you like Jackie Chan? Rush Hour is another movie of his. Its so exciting. Come and have fun.56. What kind of movie is Rush Hour ?A. Action movie.B. Cartoon.C. Comedy.D. Science fiction.57. _ is most

26、likely to be popular with children between 3 and 4 years old.A. Rush HourB. My life as McDullC. Mr BeanD. Harry Potter III58. After I finished my supper at half past 7 on Thursday, I could choose to enjoy _.A. Harry Potter III or Mr BeanB. Rush Hour or My life as Mc DullC. Harry Potter III or Rush H

27、ourD. My life as Mc Dull or Mr Bean59. _ is the main character of Mr Bean .A. Jackie ChanB. Rowan AtkinsonC. McDullD. Harry Potter60. You can see Harry Potter III at _.A. 3:00 pmB. 9:00 amC. 5:00 amD. 9:00 pm【答案】56. A 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章描述了周四电影指南的四部电影的简介。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第四格中“Action

28、 Movie”可知，Rush Hour是一部动作片。故选A。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第一格中“Cartoon”可知，My Life as McDull是一部动画片，而这四部电影中只有My Life as McDull是三到四岁的小孩儿会喜欢的。故选B。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据第二格中“17:00 21:00”和第四格中“15:00 23:00”可知，Harry Potter III在17:00和21:00播放并且Rush Hour在15:00和23:00播放，其中21:00和23:00符合本题目要求的7点半以后才能看的电影。故选C。【59题详解】细节理解题。根据第三格中“Rowan

29、 Atkinson is a great actor. His movie Mr Bean is coming.”可知，Rowan Atkinson是一名优秀的演员，他主演的是Mr Bean。故选B。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第二格中“17:00 21:00”可知Harry Potter III在17:00和21:00播放，都是下午之后的时间。故选D。EIn the USA, you can only get a full-time job if you are 16 years old or older. But there are things that teenagers can d

30、o to earn(赚) some spending money. Herere a few ideas. Parents with young children sometimes want to go out for dinner or to the movies, but they dont want to leave their children alone. So, they ask a teenager to stay in the house, be a baby-sitter and look after their children while theyre out. If

31、the children go to bed early, you can do some of your homework! Some people have a dog, but they dont have time to take it for a walk. Dogs need a lot of exercise! So some teenagers work as dog walkers. Its a good idea you earn money and youre outside in the fresh air. You get some exercise, too! Te

32、enagers can work at home on their computers. Some companies pay teenagers to take online surveys. They want to know what teenagers are interested in. Its a fun and easy way to make money. You can also design web pages for friends or others. Do you have any old toys, books or CDs you dont use? Sell t

33、hem online and make some money! Sometimes, some families pay teenagers to mow their lawns(草坪). Its a great job because you get fresh air and exercise. Mow a lawn carefully and people will want you to do it again. Then you have regular customers, because grass always grows. You can choose one of them

34、 to earn some money. Then you can spend it or save it! But dont forget its important to always tell your parents where youre going. Be safe when you work.21. How many ideas of part-time jobs for teenagers are suggested in this passage?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.22. Which two part-time jobs can h

35、elp teenagers get both fresh air and exercise?A. Baby-sitting and taking online surveys.B. Walking dogs and mowing lawns.C. Designing web pages and mowing lawns.D. Baby-sitting and designing web pages.23. What can we learn from this passage?A. Only boys can work as dog walkers.B Mowing a lawn will h

36、elp grass grow slowly.C. Being a baby-sitter for kids always means much hard work.D. Teenagers in the USA arent allowed to work full-time until age 16.24. This passage is most probably written for _.A. parents who want to get full-time jobsB. customers who want to buy part-time servicesC. teenagers

37、who want to earn some pocket moneyD. companies that want to know about teenagers interests【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D 24. C【解析】本文主要对美国青少年可以做些事情赚一些零用钱提出了一些建议。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第2大段“be a baby-sitter”保姆；根据第3大段“dog walkers”遛狗者；根据第4大段“Some companies pay teenagers to take online surveys.”一些公司花钱请青少年做线上调查；根据第5大段“som

38、e families pay teenagers to mow their lawns”一些家庭花钱请青少年清理草坪。可知，一共4种工作。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第3大段“Its a good idea you earn money and youre outside in the fresh air. You get some exercise, too!”遛狗你能赚钱也能呼吸新鲜空气还能运动！再根据第5大段“Its a great job because you get fresh air and exercise.”清理草坪你能呼吸新鲜空气和锻炼身体。可知，故选B。【23题

39、详解】推理判断题。根据第3大段没有涉及要求男女信息，故A错误；根据第5大段“Then you have regular customers, because grass always grows.”然后你可以有固定的顾客，因为草总是长。可知，没有涉及修剪草坪能使草长得更快还是更慢的信息，故B错误；根据第2大段信息，也没有涉及保姆工作的辛苦与否，故C错误；根据第1大段“In the USA, you can only get a full-time job if you are 16 years old or older.”在美国你只有16岁或者更大才能得到全职工作，可知，故D正确。故选D。【2

40、4题详解】细节理解题。根据第1大段“But there are things that teenagers can do to earn(赚) some spending money. Herere a few ideas.”但是青少年可以做些事情赚一些零用钱，这里有一些建议。可知，本文主要是给想赚零花钱的青少年。故选C。FI'm sure you all know how important recycling is. Recycling is that you take old things and turn them into new things. It sounds like

41、 magic. But it's actually very scientific. MaterialThe first thing you have to do is to collect items(物品) that can be recycled. Only certain materials can be recycled. These include things made out of paper, metal, glass and plastic.Daily thingsCan you think of everyday items made of these mater

42、ials? Soda cans are good example. They are made out of metal. Magazines and newspaper are made out of paper. So are milk boxes. Some bottles of juice are made out of glass. Bags and yogurt containers are made out of plastic. There are many things that can be recycled.Loop(循环)These things are usually

43、 stamped with the recycling loop. It has 3 arrows that go in a triangular(三角形)circle. This shows that cycle(循环)continues. Items are thrown away but continue their lives as something else.Process(过程)Let's go back to the process of recycling. The items are put in a recycling bin. A truck carries t

44、he items to a recycling plant. The materials are separated and squashed (被压扁成)into square cubes. Companies buy and turn them into new products.21. What is "recycling" according to the passage?A. It's a scientific research.B. It's a way of burning old things.C. It's a way to mak

45、e old things useful.22. Which material is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rubber.B. Glass.C. Plastic.23. You can put your old things into a recycling bin except _.A. soda cansB. magazinesC. all bottles24. The"3 arrows" shows that the items _.A. have some valuable stampsB. are recycled and

46、reusedC. are in a triangle circle25. The passage is mainly about _.A. recyclable materialsB. recyclable daily thingsC. recycling in a scientific way【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C【解析】文章主要讲述循环利用的重要性，并要以科学的方法进行循环利用。包括日常生活中哪些材料可以循环利用、循环利用的标示以及循环利用的过程。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Recycling is that you take old th

47、ings and turn them into new things.回收就是把旧的东西变成新的东西。可知这是一个让旧的东西有用的方法，故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Only certain materials can be recycled. These include things made out of paper, metal, glass and plastic.可知，文中提到了纸、金属、玻璃和塑料，并未提到橡胶，故选A。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Soda cans are good example. They are made out of metal. Mag

48、azines and newspaper are made out of paper. So are milk boxes. Some bottles of juice are made out of glass. Bags and yogurt containers are made out of plastic. There are many things that can be recycled.可知，汽水罐就是一个很好的例子。它们是由金属制成的。杂志和报纸是用纸做的。牛奶盒也是如此。有些果汁瓶是由玻璃制成的，所以汽水罐、杂志、牛奶盒都可以放到循环利用的垃圾箱里，有些果汁瓶也可以，而不是

49、所有的果汁瓶，故选C。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文中It has 3 arrows that go in a triangular(三角形)circle. This shows that cycle(循环)continues. Items are thrown a- way but continue their lives as something else.可知，它有三个箭头。这表明这种循环还在继续。物品会被扔掉，但它们会作为其他东西继续存在，所以三个箭头表示东西可以被回收，可以被再一次使用，故选B。【25题详解】主旨大意题。根据文中It sounds like magic. But its actually very scientific.以及下文可知，以一个科学的方式进行回收利用，故选C。GSafety tips in different situationWhen facing an accident，the first and most important rule is to stay calmBut different accidents mean different ways to d