考点45 书面表达之说明介绍类-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过 解析版.doc

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1、考点45 书面表达之说明介绍类说明文是中考书面表达题中常见的写作形式。在初中阶段，说明文主要要求考生将活动、人物、地点等要素进行清楚的描述，考查考生的观察能力和将图表或所给提示转化为完整文字信息的能力。要写出一篇合乎要求的说明文，应注意以下几点：一审 要想做到文章切题、要点齐全，审题至关重要。下笔之前要将所给的材料看清楚，读懂材料所要表达的内容或情景。二定 一定要点：根据所给材料要点，定出中心句。注意适当发挥，避免逐字逐句翻译。二定方法：常用的说明方法有举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法等。要根据说明的对象、目的来选择最佳的说明方法。三理 理顺各中心句之间的关系，排列好各中

2、心句的顺序。说明文常用的结构安排顺序有以下三种：时间顺序、空间顾序和逻辑顺序。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚、脉络明晰。四查 查写作要点，查段落层次，查时态语态，查用词、拼写、标点等。通过检查，可以避免一些不必要的错误，使文章趋于完美。 人物说明文写作要求人物说明文一般包括人物的出生年月、主要经历、事迹成就、影响和评价等。首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据需要选取写作素材，简明扼要又重点突出地去介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。人物介绍一般都是从外形到性格，或从一般经历到创造性的贡献，在最后常有结论性的评语。写人物说明文一般包括以下几点： 1. 出生年月；2. 主要经历；3. 事迹成就；4. 影响、评价。

3、叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从外形到性格，从一般经历到创造性的贡献，最后常有结论性的评语。语言简洁生动：说明文的目的是向读者介绍他们不了解、不熟悉的人物、事理等，因此说明文的语言要浅显、简洁、生动。时态语态：说明文常用一般现在时。如果说明的是人物、事物过去或将来的情况，则要用过去或将来的有关时态。另外，由于说明文重点放在被说明的人物、事物上，故有些说明文被动语态的使用频率相对比较高。写作摸板介绍人物典型事迹作出评价Can you.? Do you know.?He is called . We all .He often . One day. Not only. but also.引出人物He

4、 is . He was born. He graduated from. He likes.主题归纳【常用词汇】1. 表示外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes, fat, good-looking, handsome, healthy, near-sighted, ordinary-looking, pretty, short, strong, tall, thin, with a big smile, white-haired, curly/ straight hair, medium height2. 表示性格特点：absent-minded, att

5、ractive, bad-tempered, bright, confident, friendly, generous, humorous, kind, kind-hearted, lazy, naughty, smart, warm-hearted, wise, outgoing, quiet3. 表示兴趣爱好：be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be pleased with, enjoy doing, expect to do, look forward to doing sth, put ones heart into4. 表示经历事迹

6、：become a member of the , concentrate on doing sth, devote oneself to, encourage sb to do sth, fight for, have a good way of doing sth, make up ones mind to do sth, try ones best to do sth5. 表示他人评价：a model , be considered as, be famous / known as, be regarded as, make great contributions to our coun

7、try, set a good example to all of us【常用句型】1. He/ She is really 他/她真的是2. He/ She looks like 他/她看上去像3. He used to be/ have 他过去常常4. Her favourite is 她最喜欢的是5. She is good at 她擅长 事物说明文写作要求事物说明文是以介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因、结果等方面的特征。说明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之理解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。对中学生而言，事物说明文的出题形式为文字、图标、图表、文体则可见于短文、书信、

8、便条、日记等。写说事物明文必须注意事实准确，表达清晰，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确。要写好事物说明文应注意以下几点：1. 要善于抓住事物的特征介绍事物，一定要抓住事物的特征。所谓特征，就是这一事物区别与其他事物的标志。只有抓住了事物的特征，才能将其状貌、性质、成因、功能和意义等说的明白、清楚。这种写作方法尤其适用于描写大家所熟悉的而又具有新的、与众不同的特征的事物。2. 要遵循一定的顺序介绍一件事物，目的是让读者清楚地了解事物本身的特点、性质以及用途等，因此更需要条理清楚。我们可以按以下三类顺序说明事物：（1）时间顺序，即按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。（2）空间顺序，即按事物

9、空间位置的顺序，由上至下，由近及远或由里至外地进行说明。（3）逻辑顺序，即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明，如由概括到具体，由整体到部分，由现象到本质，由表及里，由原因到结果，由主要到次要，由特点到用途等。3. 运用恰当的语言介绍事物，文字要力求简洁、明白、准确。除讲究语言平实准确的前提下，我们还可以运用描写的方法，来增添文章的可读性。注意事项事物说明文的主要特点：一是知识性和科学性，二是应用性和解说性，三是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写，要用具体翔实的材料说明问题，而不要抽象、空洞的讨论。语言要简洁、准确、条理要清楚。讨论问题是要集中，切忌面面俱到。说明文的时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语

10、态，有时用虚拟语气。写作摸板（1） （事物） is / lies （地理位置） . It has/ is （特征） . There are many places of interest here, for example, （景点介绍） . There are also many （人们的活动、风俗等） . I hope/ think （看法和感受） .（2）The table below shows that （说明问题或现象） . （数据） percent （现象一） . （数据） percent （现象二） . （数据） percent （现象三） .In my opinion （自己

11、的观点或感受） .主题归纳【常用词汇】1. 表示形状：round, square, long, tall, short, triangular(三角形的)2. 表示材料：wood, wool, cotton, metal, plastic, gold 3. 表示特点：important, common, sweet, crispy, sour, salty, hard, soft, delicious, nice, fresh, pleasant, popular 【常用句型】1. Its 400 meters long/ wide/ high. 它有400米长/宽/高。2. The rule

12、r is as long as that one. 这把尺子与那把一样长。3. Its made of/ from wood. 它是由木材做成的。4. All that we can do is to . 我们所能做的就是5. It is quite clear that . 十分清楚的是6. There are some reasons for . 关于有以下理由。 方式、方法说明文写作要求常见的方式、方法说明文有学习方法指导、产品使用说明、操作程序介绍、计划安排等。写这类说明文应把握的要点有：首先，要细致、准确地了解被说明对象的发展变化规律，也就是要准确地把握一个步骤或进程，不跳跃，不遗漏

13、。只有这样，才能写出能够指导我们生活、工作、学习的说明文。其次，要用准确、科学的语言来表达。方式、方法说明文所涉及的多是操作步骤、使用方法之类的内容，所以写作时不要说外行话。再者，内容要点要有详略安排。关键的要点应详写，其余的可以略写。根据说明对象的不同特点来安排详略，不仅能使读者了解其关键所在，还可以避免文章的呆板乏味。主题归纳【常用单词】1. 表示建议：should, had better do, suggest, advice, is a good way2. 表示步骤：first of all, at last, and then, after that3. 表示计划：plan / p

14、repare for/ to do, be going to, will【常用句型】1. With the rapidly growing popularity of 随着的快速普及2. It is quite clear that 十分清楚的是3. There are some reasons for 关于有以下理由。4. A recent survey suggests that 最近的一项调查显示5. All we can do is to 我们所能做的就是A考试结束,我们背上包,带上自己,去旅游。假如你是李华,今天你们班英语课上进行了讨论。请根据以下信息给远在英国的笔友Peter写封电

15、子邮件,告诉他讨论的情况, 并说说你喜欢的旅游方式和理由。写作要点:1. 讨论的话题:去旅游。2. 同学们的旅游方式:(1) 50%的同学想进行一次自己计划的"自由行" (DIY tour)(2) 30%的同学想进行一次简单的"跟团旅游" (package tour)3. 说说你喜欢的旅游方式和理由。写作要求:1. 不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。2. 可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯。3. 字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。4. 至少80词。Dear Peter,How is everything going?_【答案】例文Dear Peter,

16、How is everything going? Recently we have discussed different ways to go travelling. Half of the students choose a DIY tour. It is convenient for them to arrange their time freely and choose to visit their favourite sights. In addition, it is also a good chance for them to learn to look after themse

17、lves. However, 30 percent of the students prefer a package tour. With a guides help, they wont get lost and they dont need to look for the hotels by themselves. Besides, they can make some new friends and help each other while travelling. Personally, I recommend a DIY tour because I can spend enough

18、 time visiting the places I like. In this way, I can enjoy my vacation better. Best wishes!Yours Li HuaB5月22日是世界野生动物保护日。现今人类活动破坏了野生动物的生活环境，使他们失去了家园，濒临灭绝。保护野生动物是每个人的责任。请根据思维导图，以Protecting Wild Animals为题写一篇短文，呼吁人类保护野生动物。要求：1.内容要全面，可适当发挥，语言表达要准确，语意要通顺连贯；2.词数不少于100，开头已给出，但不计入总词数。提示词 fur n. 皮毛；a wild ani

19、mal protection group野生动物保护组织Protecting Wild AnimalsWild animals are our friends. We live on the same earth. So protecting them is protecting ourselves.But today_Please join us. Lets try our best to protect wild animals.【答案】例文Protecting Wild AnimalsWild animals are our friends. We live on the same ea

20、rth. So protecting them is protecting ourselves.But today more and more animals are in great danger. Many of them are endangered. Humans cut down trees and the environment is polluted seriously, so the animals are losing their homes. People also kill them for money and fur, and some even eat the mea

21、t.How can we protect the endangered wild animals? The government should set up a wild animal protection group. We should also learn more about wild animals. Our government should develop laws to stop the sale of wild animals.Please join us. Lets try our best to protect wild animals.C假如你是李华，学校将接待一批来自

22、澳大利亚的交换生，现向全校学生招募志愿者。请你给志愿者招募负责人Mr. Li写一封英文自荐信，内容包括基本个人信息、性格特点及其它个人优势。要求：1、不少于80词(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3、信中不得出现真实人名和校名。Dear Mr. Li,My name is Li Hua._I am looking forward to your reply.Yours, Li Hua【答案】例文：Dear Mr. Li,My name is Li Hua, a senior 3 student of our school. Hearing that you

23、are recruiting some volunteers to receive the Australian students, I am excitedly writing to apply for it.As a teenager, Im outgoing and enthusiastic, always ready to socialize with others. Having been exposed to English for more than ten years, I have no difficulty communicating with native speaker

24、s. More importantly, I have received foreign friends twice, which equips me with rich experience in such voluntary work. Should I have the privilege to be admitted? I would do my best to promote their understanding of our time-honored history and culture. I would appreciate it if you would take my a

25、pplication into account.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours, Li HuaD作为初中生，我们也应是有责任感的世界公民，请同学们以Fighting with COVID-19为题，写一篇短文分享日常防疫的方法。内容包括：1 简单介绍新冠病毒，如外形、来源、传播途径、症状等；2 针对疫情，提出有效的日常防控建议（两到三条）；3 呼吁公众珍惜自然，保护野生动物。注意：词数：80词左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：crown n 王冠；皇冠 virus n 病毒 mask n 口罩Fightin

26、g with COVID-19COVID-19 is a terrible virus! _【答案】例文Fighting with COVID19COVID19 is a terrible virus! It looks like a crown It's tiny， and you can't see it with eyes It's from animals It can jump from person to person It can make people sick， like having a cough or fever（简单介绍新冠病毒）To stay

27、 away from COVID19， I have advice for you Firstly， you'd better stay at home【高分句型一】 It's important for you to clean the house every day【高分句型二】 Secondly， if you have to go outside， don't forget to wear a maskWhen you come back， you should wash hands well Thirdly， you should eat healthy fo

28、od and do some exercises to keep strong（建议）COVID19 is from wild animals I hope people will never hunt or eat wild animals any more! Humans should be friendly to the nature!（倡议）E请根据以下提示以The life of William Shakespeare 为题目根据以下提示写一篇文章。1、威廉·莎士比亚是剧作家也是诗人。他是世界上最著名的剧作家之一。他最著名的两部戏剧有哈姆雷特和罗密欧与朱丽叶。2、莎士比亚于

29、1564年出生于英格兰。他很喜欢看戏剧，当他十四岁完成学业时，他就决定当一名演员。1582年，他结婚了。3、在28岁时，莎士比亚来到伦敦成为了一名成功的演员，并开始写剧本。伊丽莎白一世很喜欢莎士比亚的戏剧。4、威廉·莎士比亚52岁时逝世，他是富有而成功的。要求：1、词数80左右；2、文章要包含所有要点。不能有遗漏。The life of William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare was a writer of plays and poems. _【答案】参考范文：The life of William ShakespeareWilliam Shak

30、espeare was a writer of plays and poems. He is one of the most famous writers around the world. Two of his most famous plays are Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford, England. At school he liked plays, so he decided to be an actor when he finished school at 14. He m

31、arried in 1582.When he was 28, Shakespeare left Stratford, went to London and became a successful actor and started writing plays. Queen Elizabeth I enjoyed Shakespeare's plays.William Shakespeare died at the age of 52. He was rich and successful.A【2020 上海市】94Write at least 60 words on the given

32、 situation（根据以下情况填写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）雕刻家Willard的成长经历告诉我们：人无完人，但每个人都有自己的独特之处，在Willard的主页上有一个留言区，每位浏览者都可以写下自己的故事和感想请以"Everyone can be special （天生我才）"为题，在留言区分享你的经历或见闻（注意： 1短文中不得出现考生姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分2照抄阅读语篇不得分）_【写作思路】该题属于话题写作。写作时要注意文章的要求分享经历或见闻。【参考范文】Everyone can be specialNo one is perfect

33、，but everyone is unique in their own wayI saw a film yesterdayThe main character of the film is an unusual boyWhen he was born，he grew four times as fast as a normal person，which means that when he is 10，he looks 40The other children always laughs at him，so he is very sad and feels lonelyOne day，his

34、 mother said gently to him that no one was perfect，but everyone was unique in their own wayFrom then on，he and his classmates became good friends Everyone can be special as long as you don't give up yourselfB【2020 无锡市】63.今年“世界读书日”（World Book Day）的主题是“Read and Share”,为此你校英语俱乐部正开展征文活动，要求介绍你所读过的一本书

35、。你草拟了写作流程图，请根据下图用英语写一篇短文参加活动。Choose a book"Alice in Wonderland""Gulliver's Travels".Describe the bookWho is it about?What happened?What kind of book?Tell the reasonWhy do I like it?.注意事项：1.短文须根据流程图自拟，要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合题意；2.提供的书名非限定性内容，仅供参考；3.词数在90个左右，短文首尾已在答题卡上给出，不计入总词数；4.短文必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。_