05-题型解题技巧解密(二) -备战2022年中考英语考前名师绝招.docx
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1、05-题型解题技巧解密(二) -2020年中考英语考前名师绝招短文填空题型解题技巧解密短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一,它的分值是15分,分为10个小题,每小题1.5分,占整份英语试题分值的12.5%(15/120)。短文填空一般在一篇200250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空(一般一行或一句一个空,首句不设空),要求学生通读短文,并根据上下文来补全短文,每空只能填一个单词(不能填数字)。主要考九大词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词)。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力,看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流,从而达到既考查学生的语
2、言基础知识,又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目,我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词,300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法,也包括各种词的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。解题步骤1.略读全文,掌握大意。短文填空与完形填空一样,属于障碍性阅读,但它的难度比完形填空还要高,因为完形填空有四个备选答案,而短文填空没有提供备选答案,要求考生既能想得到答案,还要写得对单词。所以在解题时,先略读全文,对全文有个大概了解。2.运用所学知识和技巧,逐项填空,先易后难。在读完一遍之后,对短文内容有大概了解。然后
3、运用所学的知识与技巧,根据文章的大意,逐个填空。易的先填,难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。3.核对答案。全部题目完成后,再复读一遍,核查答案。(1)检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。(2)检查名词要注意单复数。(3)检查形容词和副词的三个级别。(4)检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。(5)检查上下文的连贯性,以及所填词是否符合逻辑。解题方法与技巧寻“宝”推理法与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样,就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”(信息点),通过逻辑推理,从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如:【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlon
4、g supermarket to do some (1) alone. Because it was a little far away from his home, he (2) his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the (3) to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shopping. He was very happy he could (4) shop
5、ping in less than half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to the car park. What a good day he had!【分析】:(1)A. 上下寻宝:从下文(倒数第二行)可寻到“宝”:“he could finish shopping in less.”。B 判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填shopping。C 检查复核:shopping此处是不可数名词,不用+s。(2)A. 上下寻宝:从下文(本空的后一句)可寻到“宝”:“Soon he got for his car”
6、。B. 判定答案:经过逻辑推理,只有开车去超市,才要找停车位,故确定答案填drive。C. 检查复核:drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时,所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。(3)A. 上下寻宝:从上文(第一行第二句)可寻到“宝”:“Tianlong supermarket”。B. 判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填supermarket。C. 检查复核:supermarket此处是可数名词,但此处没有复数的概念,不用+s。搭配法根据短语,句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如:【典例】 With the environment becoming worse a
7、nd worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less (1) to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy (2) . When I stepped into the gate of the garden, I fe
8、lt comfortable at first because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees.But to my (3) , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging (4) two trees. I thought this kind of behavior would hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this? Without trees,
9、 how could we get the fresh air? I dont know how to express my anger. I think (5) is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.【分析】:(1)A. 寻找搭配:从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配:“pay attention to”。B. 判定答案:由搭配可知,此处填attention一词。C. 检查复核:attention代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且attention是不
10、可数名词,不用+s。(2)A. 寻找搭配:从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配:“enjoy oneself”。B. 判定答案:由搭配可知,此处缺了oneself一词。前面是I,所以此处填myself。C. 检查复核:myself代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且myself没有词形变化。前后关系判断法根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。【典例】:At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day”. On that day, we often go to the
11、old peoples home (1)help them do the housework. The old people were very happy(2)every year we organize this kind of activities several times.(3) we dont do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them. (4)every one can do so
12、mething for the lonely old people, they will be happier.【分析】:(1)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we often go to the old peoples home”。第二部分 “help them do the housework”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系,要填and;或者第二部分 “help them do the housework”是“we often go to the old peoples home”的目的。要填to。C. 检查复核:a
13、nd或to代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或to。(2)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the old peoplewere very happy”。第二部分 “every year we organize this kind of activities several times”.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系,此处要填表原因的词because。C. 检查复核:because代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。(3)A. 分开关系
14、部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we dont domuch for them”。第二部分 “they were thankful to us”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:虽然我们为他们做的不多,但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系,故要填Though. C. 检查复核:Though代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。(4)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every one cando something for the lonely old people”。第二部分 “they w
15、ill be happier”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案: 如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情,他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系,要填If。C. 检查复核:If代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。Z强化练习2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)阅读短文,根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空,使短文语意通顺。(每小题1分,共10分)We cant remember (61) _ (clear) since when we started to take our mobile phones to a dinner table. This happens a lot, esp
16、ecially when we eat out. Once (62) d_ come, we take out our mobile phones and take photos (63) i_ of lifting our chopsticks. Later, we post the photos onto Webo or Wechat, (64) _ (wait) to be “liked”. Then we checked our mobile phones from time to time during the meal, to see (65) w_ we get “liked”
17、or not. We just cannot leave our mobile phones for simply a meal.Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you?A recent study (66) _ (suggest) that what we are used to doing is not that good. Spending time taking photos
18、 of food makes the food less pleasant. So, (67) w _ not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food ahead of you?Besides the (68) _ (science) result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will be unable to contr
19、ol himself and check his mobile phone many times. “Does everyone accept my photos? I hope a lot of people like them!” It seems like your mobile phone secretly class your name all the time, even when you are (69) w_ real people.So, next time you go out to have dinner, how about not taking photos of f
20、ood? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with others. Trust me, and it will be a (70) _ (wonder) time.【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中例举了当前的一种普遍现象,人们在餐桌旁不是马上就餐,不是和朋友聊聊天,而是首先拿起手机拍照发微博或微信,然后做起了“低头党”,作者认为这样严重影响就餐并建议就餐时停止拍照玩手机,而是单纯的享受美食。61. 【答案】clearly remember为行为动词,后用副词修饰,故把形容词clear改为副词clearly。62.
21、【答案】dishes 由句意,一旦菜上上来了,人们开始取出手机拍照,故填dishes。63. 【答案】instead instead of意为“代替;而不是”,即人们开始取出手机拍照而不是拿起筷子。64. 【答案】waiting 由上下文,发完微博或微信后,等着被“点赞”,等待的动作之伴随而进行的,故填现在分词。65. 【答案】whether 由句末or not可知此处应该填whether, 意为“去看是否被点赞”.66. 【答案】suggests A recent study为单数,故动词suggest用三单式。67. 【答案】why Why not+动词原形?意为“为什么不.?” 常用于提
22、建议。68.【答案】 scientific 此处需用形容词修饰名词result,故把名词science改为形容词scientific。69.【答案】 with be with意为“和.在一起”。70.【答案】 wonderful / more wonderful 由句意:相信我,那将是一段难忘(更难忘)的时光。补全对话题型解题技巧解密新课标针对情景交际模块要求掌握以下几种设题题型:1. 选择填空型补全对话2. 完形填空型补全对话3. 排列顺序型补全对话4. 对话配对型补全对话5. 选择句子型补全对话中考命题导向1. 试题特点:情景对话的语言具有句子的简短,常用省略并且表达方式灵活等特点.同样一
23、句话,因使用的场合,时间,身份不同而有不同的含义和表达方式.2. 试题热点:做这类试题,要求同学们按照所给的情景选择最佳问句或答句,完成题目.要做好这类题目,关键是平时要养成英语思维的良好习惯,努力提高口语水平,熟练掌握日常会话项目中常用的问答语.3. 试题走向:日常交际用语的这类题目已改变了以往只考一些约定俗成的交际用语的习惯,而是注重在情境中理解题目. Z应试策略点拨1. 要根据不同的情景,使用不同的表达法2. 要正确判断出对话的情景3. 问话或答语不能离题4. 用筛选法选择正确的对话5. 从语意进行判断6. 根据习惯用法进行选择7. 答语要符合西方人的文化,风俗和习惯8. 要使用文明礼貌
24、的语言9. 要遵照口语交际的特点,不要死套语法规则要做好情景交际题,应把握以下几点:1. 通读全文,把握主题通读全文对话和选项,把握对话主题或谈话的主要内容.除了弄清楚谈话双方是什么身份,地位,在什么地方以及用何种方式交谈之外,更重要的是要弄清谈话双方是要谈什么,即谈话的中心,谈话双方总是围绕谈话中心来进行对话,所以抓住谈话中心是解题的关键.2. 注意上下句的有机结合和连贯性双方对话的过程就是双方思想交流的过程,一问一答,一来一往.要做到所答即所问,对问句做出相应的回答.在对答过程中,选择适当的词或句子填入空白处,使整个对话流畅.3. 了解中西文化差异中西文化差异在不同的社会交往中,常导致许多
25、实际困难,甚至产生误会,因此,在平时的学习过程中,应特别注意积累和归纳这方面的知识,增加说英语国家的背景知识,以此逐步提高文化差异方面的敏感性,增强应试能力.4. 复读全文对话及选项,验证答案完成答题以后,还要把整个填好的对话重读一遍,看看主题思想是否明确,前后句子逻辑是否吻合,对话发展过程是否合理,以便查出错误,及时改正.初中英语26种情景下的交际用语01问候(1) Hello!/Hi!你好!(2) Good morning/afternoon/evening! 早晨/下午/晚上好!(3) How do you do! 你好!(4) I'm L
26、ucy King. 我是露西·金。(5) Are you Peter Green? 你是彼得·格林吗?(6) Yes,I am/No,I'm not. 是,我是。/不,我不是。(7) How are you? 你好吗?(8) How are you today/this afternoon/evening? 今天/下午/晚上好吗?(9) Fine,thanks. And you? 很好,谢谢。你呢?(10) I'm fine,too. 我也很好。(11) Ho
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