考点26 完形填空之说明文-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）.doc

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1、考点26 完形填空之说明文一、命题特点分析：1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。5. 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。二、解题方法：

2、1. 快速弄清文章大意。对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的

3、内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服思维定势，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。（2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。（一） A picture is worth a thousa

4、nd words, but it cant always tell _21_whole story. The sailor in the famous photo V-J Day in Times Square, George Mendonsa, died last month at age 95. _22_Aug 14, 1945, when World War II ended, American photojournalist Alfred took his camera to the_23_of New York. In Times Square, people were celebr

5、ating the victory everywhere.“I saw a sailor_24_along the street grabbing（抓住）any and every girl in sight. Whether she was a grandmother, strong, thin, old, didnt make a difference,” Alfred said.He then took the photo, which later became one of the most_25_photos in history. But Alfred forgot to ask

6、for the pairs_26_!Since then, many people have said to be the people in the photo. One book, The Kissing Sailor, writes every thing about the _27_.The authors also_28_people in the background of the photo. They said that Greta Zimmer Friedman, a dentists assistant, was the woman pictured.Friedman,_2

7、9_died in 2016, said she didnt mind the kiss, _30_ it was quite sudden. “It was just somebody really celebrating it wasnt a romantic event. It was justthank God the war is over.”21. A. aB. theC. anD. /22. A. InB. OfC. AtD. On23. A. hospitalsB. cinemasC. streetsD. cafes24. A. cyclingB. goingC. coming

8、D. running25. A. importantB. famousC. interestingD. disappointed26. A. jobsB. namesC. numbersD. interests27. A. sailorB. womanC. photoD. story28. A. talked withB. listened toC. spoke upD. said to29. A. whomB. whatC. whoD. which30. A. ifB. soC. althoughD. but【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27

9、. C 28. A 29. C 30. C【解析】这是一张胜利之吻的照片，本文介绍了这张照片的来历。1945年，为了庆祝二战的胜利，大众在时代广场举行庆祝活动，摄影师阿尔弗雷德跑到时代广场，想记录一下什么，就在这个时候，他在时代广场上看见一名水手满大街跑，一路拥抱成年女性。阿尔弗雷德就跑到这位水手前，就在这个时候，水手一把搂住一名护士，来了个深情之吻，快门记录了这经典的时刻。【21题详解】句意：一张照片胜过千言万语，但它不一定能说明整个故事。a/an表示泛指，一个；the表示特指。the whole story整个故事，此处特指照片所蕴含的故事。因此用定冠词the。故选B。【22题详解】句意：

10、1945年8月14日，二战结束，美国摄影记者阿尔弗雷德带着相机走上纽约街头。 In在（某段时间）内；Of关于(某人)；At在(某时间或时刻)；On在（某一天），用在具体的时间前。Aug 14, 1945是具体的时间，因此用介词on。故选D。【23题详解】句意：1945年8月14日，二战结束，美国摄影记者阿尔弗雷德带着相机走上纽约街头。 hospitals医院；cinemas电影院；streets街道；cafes咖啡馆。根据“In Times Square, people were celebrating the victory everywhere.”以及句子“I saw a sailoral

11、ong the street”判断，美国摄影记者阿尔弗雷德是带着相机走上纽约街头。故选C。【24题详解】句意：我看见一个水手满大街跑，一路拥抱所看到的成年女性。cycling骑自行车旅行；going走；coming来到；running奔跑。这一段描述的是庆祝胜利的场景。根据“grabbing any and every girl in sight. ”判断，这位水手是满大街跑，一路拥抱所看到的成年女性。故选D。【25题详解】句意：他随后拍摄了这张照片，这张照片后来成为历史上最著名的照片之一。important重要的；famous著名的；interesting有趣的；disappointed失望

12、的。根据下文的“Since then, many people have said to be the people in the photo. One book, The Kissing Sailor, writes every thing about the.”以及短文的内容可知，这张照片具有纪念意义，是在庆祝第二次世界大战胜利时拍摄的，因此是历史上最著名的照片之一。故选B。【26题详解】句意：但是阿尔弗雷德忘了问两人的名字！jobs工作；names名字；numbers数字；interests兴趣。根据“Since then, many people have said to be the

13、 people in the photo.”可知从那以后，很多人都说照片上的人是自己。也就是说照片上的人是谁没有人知道，所以这里应该是阿尔弗雷德忘了问两人的名字！故选B。【27题详解】句意：其中一本书亲吻的水手写了这张照片的每一个细节。sailor水手；woman妇女；photo照片；story故事。此处的the表示特指，是指文中提到的照片。故选C。【28题详解】句意：作者还与照片背景下的人交谈。talked with与交谈；listened to倾听；spoke up公开表态；said to对说。根据“They said that Greta Zimmer Friedman, a denti

14、sts assistant, was the woman pictured.”可知，这是作者与照片背景下的人交谈后得到的结果。故选A。【29题详解】句意：弗里德曼于2016年去世，她说她不介意这个吻，尽管吻很突然。whom谁，宾语；what什么；who谁，主语；which哪一个。此处是定语从句，先行词是Friedman，又是主语的位置，因此用who引导。故选C。【30题详解】句意：弗里德曼于2016年去世，她说她不介意这个吻，尽管吻很突然。if如果；so因此；although尽管；but但是。分析语境可知，后半句是一个让步状语从句，空处表示“尽管”。故选C。（二）Dr. Zhong Nansh

15、an was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is one of the most famous medical _1_ in the 21st century. He studied in Guangdong High school in 1953 and graduated _2_ Beijing Medical College in 1960. In the first Chinese National Games, Zhong _3_ the first place in men's 400-meter

16、 Hurdles(跨栏)and set up a new national record at time. In the spring of 2003, SARS broke out in China and all over the world, _4_it is dangerous and hard, Zhong not only led but also took active part in the battle _5_ SARS. People at that time knew _6_ about SARS, Zhong and his team worked day and ni

17、ght treating patients. Through their hard work for several _7_, they made remarkable results and SARS was stopped _8_. Zhong _9_as one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. And now he is still working in Wuhan along with many young do

18、ctors. He _10_ most of his time on the medical research and treating patients. He is a good doctor in countrymen eyes and respected by all the people in China.1. A. scientistsB. engineersC. officers2. A. ofB. inC. from3. A. beatB. wonC. lost4. A. UnlessB. ButC. Although5. A. againstB. withC. about6.

19、 A. fewB. littleC. much7. A. daysB. yearsC. months8. A. in the endB. by the endC. at the end9. A. consideredB. is consideredC. was considered10. A. paysB. spendsC. takes【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B【解析】文章主要是介绍钟南山院士的情况，以及在医学方面做的贡献以及在SARS和新冠肺炎期间的表现，他是国人眼中的好医生，受到全国人民的尊敬。【1题详解】句

20、意：他是21世纪最著名的医学科学家之一。scientists科学家；engineers工程师；officers办公室；根据句意理解及后句He studied in Guangdong High school in 1953 and graduated _2_ Beijing Medical College in 1960.可知，这里表达的是“科学家”，故选A。【2题详解】句意：1960年毕业于北京医学院of的；in在里面；from从；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“毕业于”，英语是graduate from，所以这里应该用from，故选C。【3题详解】句意：在第一届全运会上，钟南山获得男子40

21、0米栏第一名，并创造了当时的新的全国纪录。beat打败；won赢；lost失去；根据句意理解及空格后the first place in mens 400-meter Hurdles可知，这里表达的是“赢得比赛”，故选B。【4题详解】句意：虽然危险重重，但钟不仅领导并积极参与了“非典”战役。Unless除非；But但是；Although虽然；根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，这里是一个让步状语从句，故选C。【5题详解】句意：虽然危险重重，但钟不仅领导并积极参与了抗击非典的斗争。against反对；with和；about关于；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“与做斗争”，英语用against，故选A

22、。【6题详解】句意：当时的人们对SARS知之甚少。few几乎没有，修饰复数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；much很多，修饰不可数名词；根据句意理解及后句Zhong and his team worked day and night treating patients.可知，这里表达的是“几乎不知道”，这里指的是“SARS方面的知识”，所以应该用little，故选B。【7题详解】句意：经过几个月的努力，他们取得了显著的成绩。days日；years年；months月；根据句意理解及后句they made remarkable results and SARS was stopped

23、_8_.以及常识可知，这里表达的是“几个月的努力”，故选C。【8题详解】句意：非典型肺炎最终被制止了。in the end最后；by the end到为止；at the end在的末尾；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“最后”，英语是in the end，故选A。【9题详解】句意：钟被认为是2004年中国十大感动人物之一。considered认为，过去式；is considered被认为，一般现在时被动结构；was considered被认为，一般过去时的被动结构；根据句意理解及空格后as one of the top ten people moving China in 2004.可知，这里表

24、达的是“被认为”，且动作是发生在过去，所以这里应该用过去时的被动结构，故选C。【10题详解】句意：他把大部分时间花在医学研究和治疗病人上。pays支付；spends花费；takes带，拿；根据句意理解及空格后most of his time on the medical research and treating patients可知，句子主语是人，且与后句中on构成spendon sth的结构，故选B。（三）When you were young, who flew kites with you in the park? Who taught you how _1_ football? Wh

25、o helped you work out _2_ first difficult math problem? Who told you the difference between right and wrong? Your dad. Now its your turn to do something for him. This Sunday, June 18, is Fathers Day. So why not do something to thank your dad?This idea of Fathers Day _3_ from an American lady called

26、Sonora Dodd _4_ 1909. She wanted a special day to honor her father. He raised six children by himself after his wife _5_ during the birth of their sixth child. Sonora thought there needed to be a day to honour great and loving dads. Her father _6_ born on June 19. So she chose to hold the first Fath

27、ers Day celebration on his birthday in 1910. In 1924, the US president Calvin Coolidge liked the idea of a national Fathers Day. Finally, in 1966, the third Sunday in June _7_ Fathers Day.There are many ways to show your love and thanks to your father, such as sending him a greeting card. Usually fa

28、thers prefer cards _8_ are not too emotional. So maybe you can choose one that will make him laugh happily. A small present, such as a photo of your family, can make him feel _9_ . Send him flowersthe red rose is the official Fathers Day flower. If he has _10_ iPad, cover it with words like “I love

29、you, Dad!”1. A. to playB. playC. playedD. playing2. A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself3. A. have comeB. cameC. comeD. will come4. A. fromB. atC. onD. in5. A. dieB. diedC. deadD. death6. A. areB. isC. wasD. were7. A. makeB. was madeC. is madeD. was making8. A. thatB. whomC. whatD. who9. A. goodB. wellC

30、. betterD. best10. A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B【解析】本文主要讲了父亲节的由来及父亲节时该如何表达自己的爱和感谢。【1题详解】句意：谁教你如何踢足球的？to play动词不定式；play动词原形；played动词的过去式或过去分词；playing动词的现在分词或动名词。根据空前“how”，结合选项可知要用“疑问词+动词不定式”作taught的宾语，how to play football如何踢足球。故选A。【2题详解】句意：谁帮你解决了你的第一道数学难题?y

31、ou你，人称代词主格或宾格；your你的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词。根据空后“first difficult math problem”可知要用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词短语。故选B。【3题详解】句意：这个关于父亲节的想法来自于1909年一位名叫索诺拉·多德的美国女士。have come现在完成时；came动词的过去式；come动词原形；will come一般将来时。根据时间状语“1909”可知讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式came。故选B。【4题详解】句意：这个关于父亲节的想法来自于1909年一位名叫索

32、诺拉·多德的美国女士。from来自；at后接具体钟表时刻；on后接具体日期或具体某一天的上下午、晚上等；in后接年、月、季节等。年份“1909”前用介词in。故选D。【5题详解】句意：他的妻子在第六个孩子出生时去世，他独自抚养了六个孩子。die死，动词原形；died死，动词过去式；dead死的，形容词；death死亡，名词。after引导的时间状语从句中缺少谓语动词，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，此处用过去式died符合题意。故选B。【6题详解】句意：她的父亲出生于6月19日。are复数be动词；is第三人称单数be动词；was单数be动词的过去式；were复数be动词的过去式。

33、主语“His father”是第三人称单数，且是出生在过去，be动词用was。故选C。【7题详解】句意：最后，在1966年，6月的第三个星期天被定为父亲节。make动词原形；was made一般过去时的被动语态；is made一般现在时的被动语态；was making过去进行时。主语“the third Sunday in June”与动词make之间是动宾关系，表示“被定为”。时间“in 1966”是过去时间，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。【8题详解】句意：通常父亲喜欢不太情绪化的卡片。that先行词指人或物；whom先行词指人；what不作定语从句关系词；who先行词指人。先行词“car

34、ds”指物，要用that引导定语从句。故选A。【9题详解】句意：一件小礼物，比如一张全家福，会让他感觉很好。good好的，形容词；well好，副词；better是good或well的比较级；best是good或well的最高级。感官系动词feel后接形容词，句中没有比较含义，用形容词原级good。故选A。【10题详解】句意：如果他有一台iPad，用“我爱你，爸爸!”这样的话来做桌面壁纸。不定冠词a/an表泛指；定冠词the表特指；此处泛指一台iPad，iPad以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an。故选B。（四）You must know Singles Day（Nov 11）in China.

35、Many people, probably（可能）even your parents, stay _11_ late that night. They go shopping online _12_ big savings （省钱）. Well, the US has something like it _13_ Black Friday.Black Friday is the _14_after Thanksgiving. It fell on Nov 29 this year. It is one of the biggest shopping _15_ in the US. People

36、 want to start shopping for Christmas gifts, so they go shopping on this day to _16_ money.Its called Black Friday _17_ shops used to record（记录）sales with black ink（墨水）. So when there was a lot of black ink on a page, it meant the shop sold a lot.Shopping on Black Friday _18_ place at actual（实体的）sto

37、res. It is _19_ from Singles Day. People stand in line for hours. Sometimes they fight over things because there are only a few left. Televisions, computers and video game systems（电子游戏系统）are some of peoples favorite things to _20_ .11. A. upB. onC. inD. for12. A. getB. getsC. gotD. to get13. A. call

38、B. callsC. calledD. calling14. A. SaturdayB. FridayC. ThursdayD. Wednesday15. A. dayB. daysC. weekD. week16. A. saveB. makeC. countD. return17. A. soB. butC. becauseD. and18. A. takeB. takesC. tookD. taking19. A. differenceB. differentC. sameD. the same20. A. buyB. buyingC. seeD. seeing【答案】11. A 12.

39、 D 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国最大的购物日“黑色星期五”的时间，由来，与中国双十一的不同之处以及人们的购物情况。【11题详解】句意：许多人，甚至可能是你的父母亲在那天晚上熬夜。up向上；on在上面；in在.里面；for为了，给。根据句意可知此处要表达“熬夜”之意，根据固定搭配“stay up late”，所以填up。故选A。【12题详解】句意：他们网上购物是为了节省大笔钱。get得到，获得；gets动词的单三形式；got动词的过去式形式；to get动词的不定式形式。根据“They

40、 go shopping online.”可知他们网上购物，“big savings”意为“节省大笔钱”，根据句意和语境可知此处需用动词不定式来表达目的。故选D。【13题详解】句意：好吧，美国的黑色星期五和双十一有一些相似之处。call呼叫，称呼；calls动词单三形式；called动词过去式或过去分词形式；calling动词ing形式。根据“itBlack Friday.”和句意可知它被人们称为黑色星期五，it与Black Friday构成被动关系，需用过去分词。故选C。【14题详解】句意：黑色星期五是在感恩节之后的星期五那天。Saturday周六；Friday周五；Thursday周四；W

41、ednesday周三。根据常识可知感恩节在每年11月的第四个星期四，黑色星期五在每年11月的第四个星期五，也就是感恩节的后一天就是黑色星期五。故选B。【15题详解】句意：它是美国最大的购物日之一。day天，日子；days day的复数；week周，星期；weeks week的复数。根据“one of +the+最高级+名词复数”可知此空需填名词的复数。黑色星期五是购物日。故选B。【16题详解】句意：人们想开始买圣诞礼物，所以他们在这一天去购物以节省钱。save节约，拯救；make制造；count数数；return返回，退还。根据“They go shopping online to get b

42、ig savingsthe US has something like it called Black Friday.”可知在黑色星期五和双11这天，人们都会购物以节省开支。故此空填save。故选A。【17题详解】句意：它被称为黑色星期五，因为商店过去用黑墨水记录销售额。so因此；but但是；because因为；and和，且。根据“Its called Black Friday.”可知它被称为黑色星期五；根据“shops used to record（记录） sales with black ink（墨水）”可知商店过去用黑墨水记录销售额。前后句意表达因果关系，后句为原因，故用because连

43、接。故选C。【18题详解】句意：黑色星期五的购物发生在实体店。take花费，带走；take动词单三形式；took动词过去式；taking动词ing形式。因句子主语为Shopping on Black Friday，是单数形式，所以谓语动词需用动词单三形式。故选B。【19题详解】句意：它与双十一不同。difference差异，差别；different不同的；same相同的；the same同样的，一样。根据“Shopping on Black Friday takes place at actual（实体的）stores.”可知黑色星期五购物是在实体店，而双十一是网上购物，所以两者不相同。“be

44、 different from”意为与.不同，故选B。【20题详解】句意：电视、电脑和电子游戏系统是人们最喜欢买的一些东西。buy购买；buying动词ing形式；see看，明白；seeing动词ing形式。根据文中“Shopping on Black Friday”可知黑色星期五是人们购物日，人们可以买他们喜爱的物品。又根据“Televisionsare some of peoples favorite things to”，可知此处不定式是作定语，所缺空应填动词原形。故选A。（五）Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friend

45、s are Gods way of _36_care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it? I think finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed and look after it to _37_it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? A good friend doesnt need to have much money

46、or good looks, but he should be _38_ and helpful. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should come to stay with you and make you _39_. But things can not always be so pleasant. Even the best friends can have _40_. What should you do when you have fights with your friends? You may talk to them or just write a letter to say _41_ to them. Let me tell you three ways to be friends again. First, let him or her know _42_you are feeling. Then you can tell your friend he or she is wrong. Third, tell him or her the _43_ why you did