第二部分词汇.doc

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1、103第二部分 词 汇第一章 英语单词记忆方法在英语学习的过程中， “词汇是基础，阅读是关键” 。单词量越大，学习者的各种技能就提高地越快。单词的掌握理解程度直接关系到其它能力的提高。没有一定的词汇量，就无法进行阅读、写作等活动。而词汇的学习和记忆又是英语学习中最令人头疼的事情，特别对于刚刚开始大学学习生活的同学们来说，在很短的时间内（大约两年的时间）要掌握大约相当于中学阶段（六年）两倍的词汇量，达到大纲要求的词汇量 4，220（其中包括中学阶段应掌握的 1，800 个词） ，确实有很大的困难。另外，如何对大纲中的单词加以区分，什么样的单词应重点记忆，不但要掌握其词义，而且要知道其具体用法，包

2、括和其它同义词、近义词的区别以及它的搭配等；什么样的单词只记住常用词义就可以，这也是同学们很迷惑的地方。“联系是记忆的桥梁” 。孤立的东西就好比一盘散沙，很难抓住；有联系的东西就好比一根链子，抓住一个环节就能带动其它环节。据统计，使用频率最高的英语单词约2000 个左右。以这些单词为基础来推测由此衍生出的未知词的结构，找出和未知词的内在联系，就能发挥出比已知单词多出数倍的词汇能力。而在这 2000 个词汇当中又有 500个单词最为重要，由其关联着约 5000 个常用词汇。在记忆单词的过程中，如果能时刻将要记的新单词和自己已经掌握的旧单词联系在一起，找出它们之间在拼写、发音、意义、搭配、用法等方

3、面的联系，用旧单词带动新单词的学习，就会达到事半功倍的记忆效果。为帮助广大同学尽快熟悉常用的一些重要单词，编者本着“以旧带新”的原则，根据多年的教学经验，编选了如下一些单词记忆方法和练习，将许多单词用不同的方式联系在一起，大家在记忆和练习的过程当中可以举一反三，迅速掌握大量新单词。第一节 “词根+词缀”记忆法英语单词虽然难学难记，但它本身却有内在规律可寻。一个单词不管有多么复杂，但终究是由词素（词根，词缀）构成的，而每个词素都有确定的意义。单词的数量虽然极大，但词素的数量却很有限。如果掌握了词素，懂得了基本的构词方法，就能很容易地突破记忆单词的难关。单词的核心是词根，认识一个词根，认识一个词根

4、就可以认识一群单词。词根是一个单词的根本部分，是一个单词的核心，它表示一个单词的基本意义。单词的意义是由词根的意义所产生，根据词根的意义就可以理解单词的意义。从下表中就可以看出词根与单词之间的关系：词 根 单 词vis 看 visible 看得见的dict 说 predict 预言lingu 语言 bilingual 两种语言的104port 搬运 porter 脚夫，搬运工pend 悬挂 suspend 悬挂duc 引导 introduce 引进，介绍it 走 exit 离开mot 推 promote 推动，促进paci 和平 pacific 太平的，平静的上例表明，词根的意义代表了单词的中

5、心意义，它在单词中占主导地位。词根的意义结合词缀（前、后缀）的意义，即产生了一个单词的意义。因此，只要记住词根的意义，只要能从单词中辨认出词根的形体，就能理解并记住这个单词的意义，而且记得牢，不易忘记。该部分精选和大学英语词汇相关的一些常用词根，配以单词实例分析，使读者了解单词是如何构成的，词义是如何产生的。读者一旦掌握了分析单词的能力以后，便可掌握大量单词。另外，对于每个词根所讲到的单词，作者选编了大量练习，供读者练习和巩固所学单词。 【audi (t) = hear】audience n.听众，观众auditorium n. 观众席，听众席(in)audible a. 听（不）见得（低得难

6、以听到的声音）audio- a. 听觉的，声音的audio-visual a. 视觉听觉的，视听的1. The _ were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.2. Her voice was scarcely _ above the noise of the wind.3. The American president, Lincoln, was killed in _.【ced / ceed / cess = walk】access n.（接近或进入某地的）方法，通路；机会，权利 have access to 有的权利（机会） ，可

7、以利用(in)accessible （不）可接近的， （不）可进入的；（不）可使用的proceed v. 继续前进，前进；继续进行，继续下去； (against)起诉某人process n. 步骤，过程 v. 对进行加工，处理；审查，审阅，处理文件procession n. 队伍，行列procedure n. 程序；手续，步骤proceeding n. 进行；进程，行动；意向；诉讼；会议记录exceed v. 超过（尤指数量） ；超出的界限 excess n. 过度；过分；过量；过多 a. 额外的；附加的 excessive a. 过分的；过度的；极度的exceedingly adv. 极端地

8、；非常；极其necessary = ne + cess + ary（有性质的）necessarily adv. 必然；必定 105necessity n. 迫使某人做某事的情况；必要性，需要；必需品succeed v. 成功，做成，达到目的；接替（某人/某事） ；继任，继承 success n. 成功；成就 1. (un)successful a. （没有）取得成功的；达到目的的success n. 成功者；成功的事情succession n. 一连串的事物；一系列 in succession 相继地，连续地2. successor n. 后继者；继任者；继承人successive a. 连续

9、不断的；接连的；一连串的precedent n.先例 unprecedented a. （没）有先例的precede v.在前面 predecessor n. （被取代的）原有事物，前身；前任，前辈preceding = previous adj.（时间和顺序上的）先前的concede v. 承认某事属实、合理、有效等；让出；承认concession n. 让步，认可；让与物；特许权intercede v. 调解，说情recede v. 退回，后退，变得模糊；退还，归还 recess n. 凹处，幽深处 recession n.（经济） 萧条 1. He was fined for _ the

10、 speed limit.2. It has been raining for five _ days.3. Strange things took place in _.4. They were _ in launching a communication satellite.5. Several earthquakes _ the eruption of the volcano. 6. After the applause died down, the pianist _ to play.7. This is an _ high mountain.8. There has been _ r

11、ainfall in this area.9. Memories of childhood are gradually _.10. That happened in a mountain _.11. There was a _ and depression in this country in 1935.12. What _ do you follow when getting a drivers license? 13. He didnt approve my _.14. Governments support of rapid economic growth offers _ scope

12、for small and medium-sized enterprises.15. All the students registered have _ to the library and other facilities on the campus.【cid / cis = cut】concise a. （指语言或文字）用少数词语传达大量信息的；简明的；言简意赅的106precise a. 叙述清楚而准确的；精确的；精细的 precision n. 准确性；明确性；精确性；精密度(accurate a.准确的； accuracy n.精确；准确)decide = de(divide) +

13、 cid + e, v. 决定；下决心；解决，对某事作出判断(in)decisive a.（不）果断的；（不）决断的 (in)decision n.决定；决心decidable a. 可决定的undecided a. 未解决的；未确定的；尚未拿定主意的suicide = sui(oneself) + cid + e, n.自杀；自杀者commit suicide v.自杀suicidal a.自杀的；可能导致自杀的；有自杀倾向的insecticide n.杀虫剂bactericide n.灭菌剂incise v.切入，切开；雕刻 incision n.切，切开，切割；切口（尤指外科手术）exc

14、ise (excide) v.切除，割去 excision n.切除，删除1. He gave a _ report of the experiment within three minutes without any major points missing.2. _ is achieved when sentences are so corrected. 3. Can you be more _ in your answer?4. The doctor made a tiny _ into her brain. 5. The surgeon _ the cancer with great

15、skill. 【clud = close, shut】exclude v. 把某人排除之外；防止某物进入；排除某事的可能性exclusive (of) a.排除在外的；罕见的，高级的；独有的，排他的 exclusion n.排斥，排除在外；排除include v.包括，包含inclusive a.包括或包含某事物的；包括所述的限度inclusion n.包括/包含conclude v.（使某事物）结束；（经推理）相信某事物；决定 conclusive a.令人信服的；确凿的；conclusion n.结束，结尾；决定，协议，达成，缔结1. Women are often _from posit

16、ions of authority.2. The price of the holiday is_of accommodation.3. The price is $1000, _of tax.4. The story_ with the heros death.【cur = care】cure v.治愈某人，治好 n.治疗 (in)curable a.（不）可治愈的；无可救药的；患不治之症的107(in)secure a. （不）保险的；不安全的；不牢固的；不可靠的 (in)security n. （不）安全curious a. 富于好奇心的；有求知欲的 curiosity n. 好奇心；稀

17、物；珍品1. The doctors_ her of cancer.2. Many children are_ about the origin of mankind.3. Tom feels _ about his future. 【cur, curs, cour, cours = run】occur v.发生；想到；想起 occurrence n.事情；事件；发生的事 sth occurs to sb / sbs mind = sb remembers sthcurrent a.现在的；现行的；目前的 currency n.通货；货币；流通；流行excurse excursion n.短途

18、旅行；远足course n.进程；过程；课程recur v.再发生；复发；（想法或事情）在头脑中再现 recurrent a.经常发生的；周期性的 recurrence n.复发；反复；重现1. When did the accident _?2. It never _to her to ask anyone.3. Tom wants to go on a(n)_ to the country.4. The symptoms tend to _.【dens（稠密，凝结） 】 dense a.密度大的；不易看透的；浓的；稠密的；密集的 e.g. dense fog dense crowddens

19、ely adv.稠密的 e.g. densely populated density n.浓度；密度condense (compress) v.使某物变稠或变浓 condensable a.可压缩的；可简约的condensation n.浓缩；凝结；缩写1. High _ of buildings is a serious problem in the city. 2. Mercury has a much greater _ than water. 3. The paper has been _ to half its original length. 4. This is the _ ve

20、rsion （缩写本）of the novel. 5. I want a _（缩写本）of the novel.【dic, dict = tell, speak】108dictate v.口授；读出；强行规定；指令；指定 dictation n.口授；听写；命令dictator n.独裁者，霸道的人；爱发号施令者 dictatorship n.独裁政府国家，专政；独裁者的职位 diction n.说话的方式；语言风格；词语的选择；遣词用字 diction ary n.（指导人们说话用词的工具）词典contradict v.反驳；批驳；相反；相矛盾 contradiction = contra(

21、contrary) + diction contradictory a.互相矛盾的，互相对立的predict v.预言；预报；预告 (un)predictable a.（不）可预言的；（不）可预报的prediction n. 预言；预报indicate v.指示；指出；象征；表明或暗示的可能性 indicative a.称述的；表示或暗示某事物的 be indicative of 表明indication n.指示；指标；象征；预示indicator n.指示者；指示器；指针；指示牌dedicate v.将 奉献给 dedicated a.献身于某事物的；专心致志的；专用的 dedicatio

22、n (solemn, often formal commitment) n. 对某事业或目的的忠诚；奉献；献词devote v.为某人（某事）付出（时间，精力等） ；向某人奉献；献身于某事物 devoted a.热爱的；非常忠实的；全心全意的 devotion (faithfulness and loyalty) n.深爱；挚爱；献身；忠心；虔诚；祈祷；宗教仪式jurisdiction n.司法，司法权；管辖权，权限1. He _ a letter to the typist. 2. French dress designers have long been the _ in the worl

23、d of fashion.3. The sentence construction _ basic grammar. 4. His statements _ with the acts. 5. The study found many _ of earthquake.6. We need a speed _.7. A headache is sometimes _ of eyestrain. 8. The author _ the book to his mother. 9. He _ his life to the service of his mother land. 【duc, duct

24、 = lead】conduct 1. n.行为；举止；为人；表现Your children conduct themselves well. 你的孩子们表现甚佳。 2. v.处理； 经营；引导；实施 My aunt conducts her business very successfully. 我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。3. v.引导；导游109The headmaster conducted us round the school. 校长带我们在学校里参观了一圈。 The guide conducted us on a tour of the oldest museum in the c

25、ountry.导游带我们游览了这个国家最老的博物馆。4. v.指挥（乐队） 5. v.导电；导热 Metal conducts electricity. 金属导电。conduction n.（电、热）传导；（水）输送 conductor n.导体；售票员；指挥 semi-conductor n.半导体educate = e(ex) + duc + ate v.教育 education n.教育 educator n.教育者 educational a.教育的produce （一直向前引导直至产生结果） v. 生产，制造；造成，引起；出示，拿出 n.农产品product n.（工业）产品 pro

26、duction n.制造；生产（尤指大批量） ；产量；推出的作品productive a.生产的；有生产能力的；多产的； 富有成效的；有益的 productivity n.生产力；多产性；生产率reproduce v. 复制；繁殖 reproduction n. 复制；繁殖；重现；繁殖过程；复制品introduce = intro(inter) + duc + e v.介绍；引见；提出 introduction n.（正式的）介绍；引见 入门 introductory a.引导的；预言的；reduce v.缩减；减少；降低； 降职； reduction n.缩减；降低；简化；还原；缩版；缩图d

27、educe =de duce v.演绎；推断 deduction n.推演；推理；演绎induce = in + duce v.劝诱或促使（某人）做某事；引起或诱发（某事） inducement n.引诱；鼓励；刺激；诱因seduce v.引诱（尤指年轻或无经验的人）做坏事；唆使某人做坏事（尤提供某种好处）seductive a. 诱人的；有魅力的；有吸引力的 seduction n.引诱；勾引；诱惑力；吸引力1. Milk is a kind of _ but sour milk is a kind of _.2. He is able to _ a logical result from

28、the various problems. 3. The teacher _ten marks for bad handwriting.4. What _ you to do such a foolish thing? 5. The _ of foreign investment is important. 6. You can make a _ from the facts. 7. It was due to a _ offer of high pay. 8. His doctrines _ the children into error. 9. It was caused by the _

29、 of school children into using narcotics. (麻醉品) 110【equ = equal】 equal v. 与相等； be equal toin 在方面与相等equalize v.使（某事物在大小数量上）相等 equality n. 平等 adequate a.足够的；充分的 inadequate a. 不充分的；不足的；不够好的 adequacy n. 充足inadequacy n. 不足；不充分；不胜任；毛病；弱点；缺点equivalent a.相同的（价值，数量，意义重要性等）n.相等物 equivalence n.均等；等量equator n.赤

30、道1. Some American words have no British _.2. Women demand _ pay for _ work.3. They are fighting for the _ of women.4. The citys water supply is no longer _ owing to the serious water pollution.【fer, fert, lat = bring, carry】confer v.讨论；探讨；商谈协商；授予某人 confer on 将授予conference（把大家带到一起来讨论问题）differ = dif(d

31、is) + fer (把事物分门别类带开，区别，不同 ) differ fromin，在方面和不同different a.不同的 difference n.差别；差异 differentiate v. 看出或指出（两者）不同；辨别；区别；区分indifferent a.不感兴趣；漠不关心；满不在乎的infer (把思想带入一个未知领域) v.推理；推断 inference n.推论；推理；推断；结论refer = re(return) + fer (带回事物的源头 ) v.提到，谈到；参考，查阅；涉及，关于 refer to as ，把称为/叫做reference n.提到；说到；涉及 ref

32、eree v.当裁判 n. 裁判relate（带回某事物上去） n.叙述，讲（故事等） ；联系 relate to relation n.联系；关联；关系亲戚；亲戚关系；关系；交往relationship n.关系；关联；血缘关系relative a. 相对的；比较的 related a. 有关的；相关的 111prefer（拿到面前，优先拿取）v. 宁愿；更喜欢 preferable a.更好的，更可取的 preference n.喜爱；偏爱；特别爱好的事物；优待；优惠；优先权preferential a.优先的，优惠的suffer（被带到重压的底下）v.感到疼痛，遭受痛苦；遭受困难，吃苦头

33、 suffering n.（肉体或内心的）痛苦；苦恼；折磨translate v.翻译 translation n. 翻译；认为；解释；译文transfer v. （将某物从一处转移到另一处）v.转让；调动interfere (in / with) v.干涉；介入 non-interference n.不干涉（尤指国际事物）offer = of(towards) + fer (把某物带给某人 ) v. 提供 offering n.提供；给予fertile a.肥沃的；富饶的；能结果实的；能生育的；受精的 fertilize v.使受精，使多产；施肥于，使肥沃fertilizer v.受孕；受精

34、；受粉；使（土地）肥沃circumference n.圆周，周围defer v.推迟，拖延1. This is the man _ to as a specialist.2. I _ from his attitude that he doesnt like her.3. The girl _ the red skirt to the blue one.4. I have to _ with him before I talk to you again. 5. The university _ an honorary degree upon the scholar.6. The farmer

35、can _ his land with manure.7. You shouldnt _ with our freedom. / _ in the internal affairs of a country 8. The first choice is _ to the second one. 9. The hotel gave us _ treatment. 10. She _ her success to her efforts. 11. The speaker often _ to his notes. 12. The minister is still _ with his advis

36、ers.【flect, flex = bend】 flesh n.肉；果肉；蔬菜的可食部分；肉体；肉欲(in)flexible a.易弯曲的；柔韧的；有弹性的；可变的；灵活的 flexibility n. 灵活，灵活性reflect v.反射；反映 reflection n. 倒影，影像；仔细思考；反映 deflect =de (away from)+flect v.使偏斜，使转向；转移，引开inflect v.使弯曲；使曲折变化 inflection n.词尾变化；抑扬顿挫（说话声）112inflectional a. 词尾变化的；曲折变化的1. The newspaper _ public

37、 opinions.2. He is simply a _ of his father. = He is an exact version of his father. 3. He want to _ their attention from the political crisis. 4. It is an _ language. 【flu = flow】fluent a.语言流利的；文字流畅的；动作准确的 fluency n.流利；通顺；灵活而准确influence n.影响力；作用；支配（力） ；有影响力的人或事物；支配力；控制力权利；势力 influential a.有影响的；有说服力

38、的；有地位、财富的influenza (abbreviated as flu) n.流行性感冒；流感fluid a. 流动的；流体的；不坚硬的；不固定的；可改变的1. He is _ in five languages.2. Weve only just begun to plan the work, and our ideas on the subject are still _.【gress = go, walk】progress v.前进；进行；进步；进展 progressive a. 前进的；进步的；有进展的；逐步增加的congress n. 代表大会；国会 congressional

39、 a.代表大会的；国会的；最高立法机关的congressman n. 美国国会议员aggress v.侵略；挑衅；攻击 aggressive a. 侵略的；好攻击的；好争吵的 攻击性的；强有力的；坚持己见的aggression n. 侵略；攻击行动 aggressor n. 侵略者；侵略国1. This term, she made _ in English.2. There will be an international _ next week.3. A good salesman must be _ if he wants to succeed.4. Her condition is showing a _ improvement.【habit, hibit = dwell, catch, maintain】habit n. (长期保持下来的) 爱好，习性，行为 habitual a.贯常的；通常的；习以为常的habitat n.（动物或植物的）自然环境；栖息地cohabit v.同居 cohabitant n.同居者