江苏专用2016届高考英语二轮语法专题复习动词和动词短语.doc

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1、动词和动词短语动词词义辨析1【2013新课标卷】Try not to cough more than you can_since it may cause problems to your lungs.AcheckBallowCstopDhelp【解析】句意为：自己能控制得住就尽量不要咳嗽，因为它会给你的肺带来问题。本题考查动词辨析。check检查；allow允许；stop阻止；can help sth.忍住做某事。根据句意可知答案为D项。【答案】D2【2013浙江卷】When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to _it w

2、ith important points.Aconclude BleadCavoid Dhold【解析】句意为：当小组讨论接近尾声的时候，一定要用要点来结束讨论。本题考查动词词义辨析。A.结束，符合句意。B.领导，导致；C.避免；D.抓住，均不符合句意，故选A项。【答案】A3【2013福建卷】Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which_spending quite a lot of time with students.Aenjoys Binvolves CpracticesDsuggests【解析】句意为：Michelle找到了一份

3、中学教师的工作，这份工作需要花费相当多的时间和学生在一起。本题考查动词辨析。A.喜欢；B.包括，涉及；C.练习；D.建议。B项符合句意。【答案】B动词短语辨析4【2013浙江卷】Bears_fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.Apack up Bbuild up Cbring up Dtake up【解析】句意为：熊在夏天和秋天积累脂肪，以便有足够的能量使它们度过冬眠。本题考查动词词组辨析。pack up打包，收起来；bui

4、ld up逐渐积累；bring up养育，提出，呕吐；take up开始从事，把继续下去，占据。【答案】B5【2013福建卷】Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks_in disasters.Aturn down Bturn out Cbreak down Dbreak out【解析】句意为：在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。本题考查动词短语辨析。A.拒绝，关小（声音）；B.结果是；C.出故障；D.爆发（战争，打斗等）。【答案】C6【2013辽宁卷】Briggs will_as general manager when

5、 Mitchell retires.Aget away Btake over Cset off Drun out【解析】句意为：Mitchell退休之后，Briggs将接任总经理的职位。考查动词短语辨析。take over接收，接管，接任；get away逃脱，离开；set off出发，动身，使爆炸；run out用尽，过期。【答案】B1动词（短语）辨析类题目的解题关键是：首先要明确题干中英语句子的意思，其次必须全面、深刻地把握备选答案中动词（短语）的意义。2不同动词与不同的副词或介词连用构成的短语在意义上差别很大，是高考试题中的易错点，而且在高考试题中频繁出现。3有些相同动词与不同介词或副词

6、构成的短语，较难区分，这就要求我们既要充分理解语境，又要掌握短语多种含义。一、高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1injure，hurt，wound，destroyinjure一般指在意外事故中受伤hurt表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害wound常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害destroy一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。2adapt，adjust，adopt，attachadaptvt.适应，ad

7、apt oneself to使自己适应adjustvt.适应，调整，adjust oneself to使自己适应adoptvt.采取，采纳；收养，领养attachvt.把附在上；重视attach much importance to.非常重视According to experts，China needs to adjust its family planning policy to fight against an aging population.根据专家的建议，中国需要调整计划生育政策来应对人口老龄化问题。Parents attach much importance to educati

8、on.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.父母都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。3link，relate，connect，combinelink连接，联系，指将各个物体连接起来relate联系，指与某事或人有关联connect连接，指两物有形的连接，与link同义combine（使）结合，（使）联系，着重指两个或两个以上的事物为了共同目的而结合在一起，常指一些无形的事情【2010福建高考】In this day and age，women can have childre

9、n and jobs as well.I cant agree more.Its great to have the two combined.在当今时代，妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒了。The government was planning a new railway connecting Beijing and Shanghai.政府当时正在规划一条连接北京和上海的新铁路。二、常见动词短语搭配1agreeagree with sb./ones idea/what sb. says同意某人的看法/某人的观点/某人所说的agree to a proposal/pl

10、an/suggestion.同意某个计划/建议agree on表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词，表示就某事看法一致。You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose.你气色很好。我想，三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。2breakbreak away from脱离break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉break into闯入，破门而入break out（战争）爆发break in破门而入break off打断；中断break up打碎；（物理）分解；分开；结束；制止【2012陕西高考】He

11、 had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air conditioning system broke down.他需要不时停下来擦额头的汗，因为空调坏了。On hearing the news，the president broke off his visit to Australia and returned home immediately.听到这个消息，总统立刻中断了对澳大利亚的访问，回到了本国。3bringbring about引起bring up养育，呕吐bring

12、down使倒下，降低bring in吸引，赚bring back使回忆起，重新使用【2011湖北高考】The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格，以保持市场稳定。4callcall for需要，邀请call on/at号召；访问call in召集；召来call up召唤，召集；打电话call off取消The scene of the children playing happily in t

13、he park called up memories of her childhood.孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。5comecome about发生come across偶遇come along跟随come to共计，达到，苏醒come true变为现实come up走上前，被提出come up with提出come into being形成come into use投入使用【2011安徽高考】If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce

14、the price.如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服务员降价。【2013新课标卷】Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight？今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？6getget along/on （with）进展，相处get away （from）逃离（某地），度假get down to开始认真注意（或对待）某事（to为介词）get off下车，起飞，脱下get up（使）起床，站起get across被理解get hold of抓住get through到达，用完，通过，度过，打通（电话）【201

15、3天津高考】I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to get away.我本希望今年去度假，但没能去。【2013江苏高考】Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.团队领导者必须要确保所有的队员克服本能的欲望以避免犯错误带来的尴尬。7givegive up放弃give in屈服give out用尽；分

16、发give back归还；使恢复give away泄露；赠送；颁发give off发出He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam，but the look on his face gave himself away.他说他对期末的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。8gogo against违反，违背go over复习，重温，仔细检查，审阅go by走过，经过，【（时间）消逝，过去go out熄灭，出去，外出go without忍受没有之苦，没有也行，没有也能勉强应付go through通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查

17、I always start the day by going through my email.我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。9holdhold back隐瞒，控制（情感）hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑hold up使耽搁hold on坚持；别挂（电话）hold together团结一致hold on to保留，抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being；house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。10looklook back on.回顾，回忆

18、look on旁观，观望look into.往里面看，浏览，调查，研究look out留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防look through看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查询The authorities will look into the case further before they can come to a conclusion about it.官方要对此案做进一步调查才能得出结论。11makemake the best of充分利用make up for 补偿，弥补make out 辨认出make fun of 取笑make

19、 up ones mind 下定决心make sense 有道理（意义），讲得通make good/full use of.充分利用make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。12putput aside 把放在一边put away 把收好put down 扑灭，平息put forward 提出put off 延期；推诿put out 扑灭；

20、生产put up with 忍受，容忍put up 挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿Why do we have to put up with Susans selfish behavior？We have to teach her to care for other.为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为？我们得教她关心别人。【2011浙江高考】He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。13setset about （

21、doing） sth.set out to do sth.着手、开始做某事set aside留出，搁/放在一边set off出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起set out （for. ）动身去set up倒立，设立，开办，竖起，支起【2012浙江高考】Armed with the information you have gathered，you can set about preparing your business plan.收集到的信息已备好，你可以开始准备你的商业计划了。【2013湖北高考】In much of the animal world，night is the time s

22、et aside for sleeppure and simple.对大多数动物而言，夜晚就是被腾出来睡觉的时间纯粹而又简单。14turnturn down拒绝；调低turn in上交turn out结果是，证明是turn over移交，交给turn up出现；调高turn off关掉turn up打开turn away走开turn to求助于；翻到【2012江苏高考】You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.你看起来很沮丧，怎么了？我的提议再次遭到了拒绝。15taketake in吸收，接纳，欺骗

23、take on呈现，雇用take over继承，接管，接替take up从事，开始，专注于，占去【时间、空间、地位等】take off【飞机】起飞，脱掉【衣帽/鞋】，成名，成功，事业转机，生意起色【2011陕西高考】Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。三、词形相似的动词短语一些动词短语词形相像，让人眼花缭乱，难以区分。高考试题经常对此设题考查考生的鉴别能力。解题时应仔细辨认，不能急于求成。词形相似的动词短语意义词形相似的动词短语意义

24、appeal to取悦于attend to服侍，上学apply to适用于attain to达到，获得adapt to适应attract.to.把吸引到adjust to适应attach.to.把附在四、多词动词短语多词动词短语多由三个单词构成，因词数多、构词巧而备受高考命题者的重视。常见的多词动词短语见下表动词短语意义动词短语意义keep up with赶上get away with做错事不受处罚come up with赶上，提出get away from脱离put up with忍受break away from改掉习惯，脱离政党，打破陈规，奋力挣脱end up with以告终look b

25、ack to/on回顾catch up with赶上date back to追溯至get rid of消灭do harm/ good to给带来坏/好处get along/ on with在取得进展，与相处do wrong to委屈look up to尊敬do away with废除look out for警惕do damage to给造成损坏look down upon瞧不起devote oneself to献身于live up to不辜负introduce oneself to向做自我介绍get down to着手干congratulate oneself on自我庆幸make up fo

26、r弥补dress oneself in穿着look forward to期盼seat oneself on坐在五、易混动词的辨析1词形相近的动词之间辨义。如lie，lay；hanged，hung；rise，arise，raise；sit，seat等。【1】rise，arise和raiserise升起，是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen；arise【问题等】出现，是不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词是arose，arisen；raise举起，是及物动词，是规则动词。【2013江西高三上学期七校联考】Those who want to say anything more raise

27、 your hand and then rise to speak.想多发言的人举手，然后站起来发言。【2】sit与seatsit表示“坐”这一动作；seat表示“就座”时要用be seated或seat oneself。2意义相近的动词之间辨义。如borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。【2013天津高考】If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to lend a hand.如果你处于困境中，Mike总是乐于帮忙。3动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise，advice；cost，worth

28、；pass，past等。4意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的意义。如：explain，say；discover，invent，uncover等。1【2014福州市高中毕业班质量检查】Our governments plan to fight against air pollution will focus on_information and handling PM 2.5.AexpressingBrepresentingCgathering Dacknowledging【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：我们政府同空气污染作斗争的计划将以收集信息和控制PM 2.5为重点。express表达；repres

29、ent代表；gather收集；acknowledge承认，感谢。根据句意可知，应选C。【答案】C2【2014江西师大附中、鹰潭一中高三联考】Considering your income，you should be able to_at least twenty dollars a week.Aput forward Bput in Cput down Dput aside【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：就你的收入而言，你每个星期至少应该存20美元。put forward提出，向前拨；put in安装，插入；put down镇压，记下；put aside储存。根据句意可知D项正确。【答案】D

30、3【2014江西两所名校考试】Many people are beginning to reflect on why we pay so much to study abroad and what kind of consequences it will_.Abring outBbring downCbring about Dbring up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：很多人开始反思，我们付出这么多到国外留学是为了什么？这又会带来什么结果？bring about导致，引起，符合句意。bring out出版，使显现；bring down降低；bring up抚养。【答案】C4【2014山东

31、省胶东示范学校二模】It took him a long time to_the skills he needed to become a professional artist.Aacquire Binquire Crequire Drequest【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：他花了很长一段时间才学会成为一名专业艺术家所需要的技能。acquire意为“得到，获得”，符合句意。inquire询问；require需要；request请求。【答案】A5【2014长春市第一次调研】According to the arrangement，the athletes of our school_at t

32、he gym for two hours every day.Awork out Bcarry out Ctake inDset aside【解析】考查动词短语。句意为：根据安排，我们学校的运动员每天在体育馆锻炼两个小时。work out锻炼，符合句意。carry out执行，实施；take in理解，领会；set aside留出，拨出。【答案】A6【2014厦门高三联考】Drinking water，having a healthy diet and taking exercise are all positive ways to _you when you are working on a

33、 tight schedule.Arelieve Brefresh Cliberate Dcomfort【解析】考查动词。A项意为“缓解，减轻”；B项意为“使恢复精力，使感觉凉爽”；C项意为“使解脱，使解放”；D项意为“安慰”。句意为：当日程安排紧张的时候，喝水，健康饮食和锻炼都是恢复精力的好办法。根据句意可知，应选B项。【答案】B7【2014江西师大附中、鹰潭一中高三联考】Bad habits are no way easy to be_；it needs your determination and perseverance.Areplaced Bmoved Cremoved Dgot r

34、id【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：坏习惯是不太容易被改掉的，它需要你的决心和毅力。replace替换；move移动；remove去除，去掉，消除；get rid摆脱，接宾语时需要加介词of。根据句意可知C项正确。【答案】C8【2014安徽省芜湖三校一模】If you dont take time to review each interview you go on，youre bound to _the same mistakes.Acorrect Brepeat Ccommit Dimprove【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：然而，如果不花时间去回顾你所经历的每次面试，你一定会再犯同样的错误。

35、repeat重做，符合句意。【答案】B9【2014石家庄市高三模拟】He stood up and_a smile to cover up his disappointment.Ahid Bmanaged Crefused Dbrought【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：他站起来，勉强地露出微笑来掩盖他的失望。hide隐藏；manage勉力完成；refuse拒绝；bring带来。根据句意可知B项正确。【答案】B10【2014山西高三年级第三次四校联考】No matter how much money you possess，it cant_a healthy body.Acompare Bsui

36、t Cdefeat Dmatch【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：无论你有多少钱，它都比不上一个健康的身体。compare比较，对比；suit适合；defeat打败，战胜。match与相匹敌，和不相上下，符合句意。【答案】D11【2014厦门质量检查】If you sit in an office all day long and rarely_，youre likely to suffer from neck and back pains.Acut in Bwork out Cbreak down Dstay up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果你整天坐在办公室里很少锻炼身体，你可能会遭受

37、颈椎和背部疼痛之苦。此处work out意为“锻炼身体，做运动”，符合句意。cut in插嘴，打断【谈话】；break down【机器等】出故障，【谈判等】失败，受挫；stay up熬夜。【答案】B12【2014江西高三上学期七校联考】Why didnt Mr Smith arrive on time for the meeting?He must have been_on his way here in the traffic jam.Aheld up Bput up Ctaken up Dgiven up【解析】考查动词短语。答语意为“他一定是在来这儿的路上被交通堵塞耽搁了。”hold u

38、p表示“延迟，阻碍。后三项分别表示“建造，张贴”“从事，占据”“放弃”。【答案】A13【2014哈尔滨四校高三统一检测】In fact fuels we burn and plant food we eat_their chemical energy in the form of heat.Agive in Bgive off Cgive awayDgive up【解析】考查动词短语。句意为：事实上我们烧的燃料和食用的植物性食物都是以热量的形式放出它们所含有的化学能。根据句意可知应选give off，表示“放出，发出”。【答案】B14【2014石家庄质量检测二】To my mind，the s

39、ecret to happiness_your successful work and your contribution towards others happiness.Aresults in Bconsists in Cbrings in Dtakes in【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在我看来，快乐的秘决在于工作成功，并且帮助他人获得快乐。consist in表示“在于”，符合句意。 result in造成，导致；bring in引进；take in吸入，理解。【答案】B15【2014石家庄市高三模拟】A smile_the mothers face when the son walked onto the platform to receive the prize.Alit up Bbrought up Cput up Dtook up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当儿子走上台领奖时，妈妈脸上露出了喜色。light up喜形于色，喜气洋洋；bring up提出，呕吐；put up提高，张贴；take up占用，开始从事。【答案】A13