翻译技巧词类转换法精选文档.ppt

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1、翻译技巧词类转换法本讲稿第一页，共二十八页5.I am afraid I cant teach you English.I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.n 恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教教得好。得好。6.The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.n 操作操作电脑需要一些英语知识。电脑需要一些英语知识。I.Converting to verbs本讲稿第二页，共二十八页A.名词转译成动词名词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方

2、法）n（一）具有动态意义的名词（1）“of”结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译n1.It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science:objective observation and description of some phenomena,the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them,the use of these

3、 to predict future events,the verification of the hypotheses and,on this basis,the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.n2.What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.n就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。n3.Insistence on human r

4、ights本讲稿第三页，共二十八页A.名词转译成动词名词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方法）n4.Many people in industry and the service,who have practical experience of noise,regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time.n工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。n5.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of curre

5、nt affairs.n练习：n1.The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israels right to exist.本讲稿第四页，共二十八页n2.One after another,speakers called for the downfall of imperialism,abolition of exp

6、loitation of man by man,liberation of the oppressed of the world.n3.Until 1972,all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on one point:U.S.insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russias refusal.n4.It has also provided t

7、he bases for the traditional methodology of science:objective observation and description of some phenomena,the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them,the use of these to predict future events.The verification of the hypotheses and,o

8、n this basis,the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.本讲稿第五页，共二十八页A.名词转译成动词名词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方法）n（二）英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。n1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.n看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神n往。n2.As the week draw to a close,the enemy rout

9、was complete.n一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。本讲稿第六页，共二十八页A.名词转译成动词名词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方法）n（三）英语中有些以后缀 er,-or 结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。n1.I am afraid I cant teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.n我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。n2.Talking with his son,the old man was the forgiver of

10、 the young mans past wrong doings.n在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。n3.He is no smoker,but his father is a chain-smoker.本讲稿第七页，共二十八页A.名词转译成动词名词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方法）n（四）短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词n1.The next news bulletin（新闻节目）,shorter than usual,made no mention of the demonstration.n2.She had high praise for Dr.Smith,althou

11、gh she complained about his strictness.n3.The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students healthn4.He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.本讲稿第八页，共二十八页n练习（一）n1.The Census Bureau,the data agency charged with creating statistics on household incomes and their distribut

12、ion,does not maintain an official definition of middle class status.n2.During the half-hour talk,the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment,but they made no mention of the mode of transportation.本讲稿第九页，共二十八页练习（二）练习（二）n1.Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the

13、 universe,but its existence,if it stands the test of time,will probably require the development of new theories of physics.n2.The same is true of galaxy clusters,the largest coherent bodies in the universe-assemblages of thousands of galaxies embedded in a vast cloud of hot gas and bound together by

14、 gravity.n3.Scientists say that government construction of a multi-billion-dollar,permanent space station could aid in detecting natural disasters on earth in advance,conducting medical research and collecting solar energy to transmit back.n4.The analysis will require the development of new theoreti

15、cal tools but should be within our grasp in the next few years.I.Converting to verbs本讲稿第十页，共二十八页n5.Basically applied science starts with the clear understanding of a human need and then uses all the available scientific knowledge to assist in the satisfaction of this need.n6.Pure science is primaril

16、y concerned with the development of theories and the establishment of the relations between the phenomena of the universe.n7.Increasingly,there is talk of viewer participation in television;two-way TV programs will make it possible to take part in a soap opera or football game as if the viewer were

17、there.n8.In general,drying a solid means the removal of relatively small amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value.本讲稿第十一页，共二十八页nA.介词转译成动词。（介词转译成动词。（prep.-v.）n1.The road to development is long but we are firmly n on i

18、t.n 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了走了上这条路。上这条路。n2.He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his n hand.n 他在公园散步，手里他在公园散步，手里拿拿着一把伞。着一把伞。n3.It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped n areas will be finally off poverty.n 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱摆脱贫困。贫困。n4.The company has ad

19、vertised in the newspaper for n electronic experts.n 公司在报上登广告公司在报上登广告招聘招聘电子方面的专家。电子方面的专家。II.Converting to verbs本讲稿第十二页，共二十八页练习n1.In any machine,input work equals output work plus work done against friction.n2.This type of film develops in twenty minutes.n3.An analog computer manipulates data by anal

20、og means.n4.The air plane barreled straight ahead,across the harbour and out over the sea.n5.Party officials worked long hours on meager food,in cold caves,by dim lamps本讲稿第十三页，共二十八页nB.形容词转译成动词（形容词转译成动词（adj.-v.）n1.Integrity means you do what you do n because its right and not just fashionable n or po

21、litically correct.n 诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦赶时髦或在政治上或在政治上不出错不出错。n2.Dont be afraid of those who might have a n better idea or who might even be smarter n than you are.n 不要不要恐惧恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。更聪明的人。n3.Is Mr.Smith familiar with the performance n of the

22、 laboratory equipment?n 史密斯先生史密斯先生熟悉熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？实验室设备的性能吗？II.Converting to verbs本讲稿第十四页，共二十八页练习n1.If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom,it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.n2.They were suspicious and resentful of him.n3.They were not content with their present achieveme

23、nts.n4.The top-ranking Asian specialist was not sure whether the policy could save the situation.本讲稿第十五页，共二十八页n5.If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants,electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive.n6.The circuits are connected in parallel in the i

24、nterest of a small resistance.n7.Once inside the body,the vaccine separates from the gold particles and becomes“active”.n8.It is no wonder that scientists around the world are racing to harness fusion.But the race is costly and timeconsuming.本讲稿第十六页，共二十八页 C.副词转译为动词（副词转译为动词（adv.-v.）n1.What film will

25、be on this evening?n 今晚放映什么影片？n2.That book will be out pretty soon.n 那本书不久就要出版了。n3.In those years the republicans were in.n 那些年是共和党执政。n4.Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out.n 安装双层窗御寒。n练习：n1.The fatigue life test is over.疲劳寿命试验结束了。nIf one generator is out of order,the other will produce el

26、ectricity instead.n如果一台发电机发生故障，另一台便代替它发电。n2.Such service will certainly go far in extending the life cycle of older equipment.n这种保养肯定会在延长陈旧设备的使用周期。nE.动名词转译成动词（动名词转译成动词（gerund-v.）n 1.The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing.n 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。II.Converting to verbs本讲稿第十七页，共二十八页nA.动词转

27、译为名词（动词转译为名词（v.-n.）n1.The book did not impress me at all.n 那本书没留给我什么印象。n2.Harry aims to become a computer expert.n 哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。n3.Your work is characterized by lack of attention to n detail.n 你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）n4.The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms.n 这台机器的重量是500公斤。III.Converting to no

28、uns本讲稿第十八页，共二十八页n5.When light falls on certain things,it bounces back,which we say the light is reflected.n 光照到某种物体上会弹回来，我们把这种情况称之为光的反射。n注意：如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。n6.The youths always dream fondly of their future.n 年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。n7.Independent observers have

29、 commented favorably on n the achievements you have made in this direction.n 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。III.Converting to nouns本讲稿第十九页，共二十八页nB.形容词转译为名词形容词转译为名词（adj.-n.）n n1.The day was cloudy but the sun was n trying to come through.n 天上天上有云有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。，不过太阳就要破云而出了。n2.Obedience is obligatory

30、 on a soldier.n 服从命令是军人的服从命令是军人的天职天职。n3.Many Western people are religious.n 很多西方人很多西方人/西方人多数都是西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒虔诚的教徒。III.Converting to nouns本讲稿第二十页，共二十八页n1.You are a greater blockhead than I had n supposed you to be.n 你比我所想象得要你比我所想象得要傻傻得多（得多（n.adj.）n2.Our government shows great concern for n the Chinese

31、resident abroad.n 我国政府十分关心我国政府十分关心海外海外华侨。华侨。n3.His address impressed me deeply.n 他的讲话给我留下他的讲话给我留下很深的很深的印象。印象。n4.From the front,back and both sides we n kept a strict watch on the enemy.n 我们在前后左右我们在前后左右严密地严密地监视敌人。监视敌人。IV.Converting to other parts of speech本讲稿第二十一页，共二十八页n1.He is the right man Im looki

32、ng for.n 他正是我在找的人。n2.The unit of weight is the gram,that of length is the n meter,and that of capacity is the liter.n 重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。n3.The machine can dimensionally be changeable n according to consumers need.n 机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。n4.All you have done is proportional to all you have n achi

33、eved.n 你的付出和所得成正比。IV.Converting to other parts of speech本讲稿第二十二页，共二十八页n5.To be independent is an absolute necessity for young n people.n 独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。n6.In science,it is important to state a law or a principle n accurately.n 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。n7.With slight repairs,the machine could be in motion

34、.n 只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。n8.The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of n visiting the poor in the city.n 新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。IV.Converting to other parts of speech本讲稿第二十三页，共二十八页n在英语中，由形容词派生的名词通常翻译为形容词，在句中作定语或表语nThe pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at that moment.nThe sp

35、okesman admitted the feasibility of the American proposals.nHe talked for some time with Bundy,and his question reflected the enormity of his doubts.nSingle crystals if high perfection are an absolute necessity for the fabrication of integrated circuits.本讲稿第二十四页，共二十八页n有些名词加不定冠词作表语，通常翻译成形容词nThe block

36、ade was a successnAs he is a perfect stranger in the city,I hope you will give him the necessary help.nIndependent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.本讲稿第二十五页，共二十八页 V.AssignmentsPut the following into English,paying special attention to the selection of words.大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。所以人们对于大自然大全都一

37、致并深深地依赖着。尤其是在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。说明：本题是2002年全国英语专业八级考试汉译英试题。翻译时在以下三个方面请特别注意：1.词汇的选择，包括词义的理解和词的搭配。2.词序。3.语篇层次。本讲稿第二十六页，共二十八页 VI.References for further reading 1.陈秋劲编著陈秋劲编著.英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）.湖湖 北：武汉大学出版社，北：武汉大学出版社，2005.2.范仲英编著范仲英编著.实用翻译教程（第一版）实用翻译教程（第一版）.北京：外北京：外 语教学与研究出版社，语教学与研究出版社，2005.3.郝丽萍等编著郝丽萍等编著.实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一 版）版）.北京：机械工业出版社，北京：机械工业出版社，2006.4.叶子南著叶子南著.高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）.北京：清华大学出版社，北京：清华大学出版社，2001.本讲稿第二十七页，共二十八页The End本讲稿第二十八页，共二十八页