十四主谓一致.doc

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1、十四主谓一致【知识聚焦】 1语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如： Jane and Mary look healthy and strong. The number of mistakes was surprising. 2.意义上一致。 (1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 例如：The crowd were running for their lives. 单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police,cattle等。 (2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： The news w

2、as very exciting. 形复意单的单词有news, works和一些以一ics结尾的学科名称，如physics . politics, mathematics等。 3.就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, either. or, neither. nor, notonly.二but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. 4.应注意的问题 (1)某些集体名词（如family, team等）作主语时，如果作为一个

3、整体看待，谓语动词用单数式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The whole family are watching TV. His family is going to have a long journey. 这类名词有audience, class, club, committee. company,crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team等等。名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。例如： The population in China is very large，and eightyper

4、cent of the population in China are farmers.“a group(crowd) of十复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 (2)某些集体名词（如people, police, cattle, militia等）只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。例如： The police are searching for him. (3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。例如： A sheep is、over there. Some sheep are over there. (4)主语为指代

5、商店、工场、住宅等的名词所有格时，动词一般用单数。例如： My Uncles is not far from here. The doctors is on the side of the street (o)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。例如： Five minutes is enough to do t1飞一s exercise. The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago. Three years has passed. (

6、6)不定代词each, every. no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如： Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in thefuture. (7)如果主语由more than one.或many a. . .构成尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如： Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. More than one student has seen the film. 在more十复数名词t than one结构之后谓

7、语动词一般用复数形式。例如： More members than one are against your plan. (8)一些由两个部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式，如scissors, chopsticks. compasses,shoes, trousers, clothes. glasses等。但如果主语由a kind of, apair of, a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： A pair of shoes was on the desk. (9) this kind of book= a book of this k

8、ind(这种书），其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kinds of men(口语）（这一类人），但this kind o men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kinds of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。例如： Men of this kind are dangerous. This kind of men is dangerous. (10)单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之谓语用复数。这类名词有means(

9、方法）works工厂species种类Chinese,Japanese等。例如： The (This) glass works was set up in 1970.（这家玻璃厂建于1970年。） 注意：work作“工作”解时是不可数名iFJ，作著作”解时是可数名词，有单复数之分。 (11)如果名词词组中心词是alt, :post , half, rest , pa rt等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。例如： All of the water is gone. All of my classmates work hard. (12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应

10、与其后的主语一致。例如： Between the two windows hangs a picture. (13)用and或both. and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如： Walking and riding are good exercises. 但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时，and后面的名词没有冠词。例如： A knife and fork is on the table. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. The girls teacher

11、and friend is a young doctor. （14)当主语后面跟有。、well as,as much as,no lessthan，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but, except, besides, including,in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如： The room with its furniture was rented. The teacher as well as the students was excited. （15)不定代词any

12、, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况： 单独用作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。例如： All are present，lets begin the meeting. :Vow all has been changed. either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。 后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。例如： None of them has（have）seen the film.

13、 Do（es）any of you know his address？ （）单纯表示数字的数词作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式。例如： The billion is a large number. There are thirty students in Toms class and twentyare boys. 英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法或除法算术式，谓语通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可用复数形式。例如： Three times five is/are fifteen. Two and（plus）two is

14、/are four. Twelve divided by four is three. Three taken from eight leaves five. 在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用how much,谓语动词多用单数形式；如用ow many,谓语动词多用复数形式。例如： How many are two times five？ How much is eight divided by two？ (17）“分数或百分数十of名词”构成的短语，以及由“some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，alarge）quantity of，therest of,a heap

15、of,heaps ofd名词”构成短语时，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。此类短语作主语时，取就近一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。例如： A large quantity of beer was sold. Plenty of English books are on the shelf. Lots of damage was caused by fire. Three fifths of the workers here are women. (18)(large)quantities of修饰可数

16、复数名词或不百丁数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如： Quantities of food（nuts）were on the table. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. (19）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas i、left on the table. (20)half of,(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。 (21 )the

17、m形容词或过去分词”结构充当主语时，如果指人则谓语通常用复数；如指物或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind,the young，the old，the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured，the wounded，the unemployed等；例如： The blind study in special schools (22)由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；所指的具体内容若是复数意义，谓语动词一则用复数形式。例如： Wh

18、at we need are doctors. What we need is more time.【热点1M视】 语法一致原则；意义一致原则；就近原则是主谓一致的三个基本原则。 主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有汽个不同角度的着眼点即前面提到的只大基本原则。典峨蜻析 CIRI1 11画口绍翻Nowadays，a large number of women，especially those from the countryside，in the clothi

19、ngindustrv. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked解析本句主语是those women. 【答案】 警示：a large number of与a number of一样，修饰复数名词且谓语用复数。 例2口圈四四画As a result of the serious flood，twcrthirds of the buildings in the area A. need repairing B. needs to repair C, needs repairing D. need to repair 解析：考查主谓一致和need的用法。主语

20、中心词是buildings是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式repair!与buildings是被动关系,need后应用doing或to be十过；去分词，而四个选项形式正确的只有A。 【答案】A 警示：分数或百分数修饰名词要看所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数来决定谓语的单复数。 例3回日地日As you can see，the number ofcars on our roads rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep （、keens D. were keeping解析：the number of十名词，谓语用单数。 【答案】C 警示：注意区分the

21、number of和a number of, 【例41 1口日. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a weekgood for ones health. A. show；are B. shows；is C. show；is D. shows；are 解析：考查主谓一致第一空的主语为A survey;第二空的主语为不可数名词exercise. 【答案 警示：做此类题目应找到句子真正的主语，避免受就近原则的影响。应试策略从上面的试题可以看出，高考对主谓一致的考查有三个明显的特点： 1.

22、考查基本的主谓一致规则。 2.增加试题的综合性，考查主谓一致的同时考查其它知识。 3.增加试题的语境化因素。 针对这三大特点，我们应做到： 1一定要牢固掌握主谓一致的三大基本原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。 2.注意主谓一致原则的同时，兼顾其他知识的测试。 3一定要看清上下文，注意语境的要求。 专题演练1 Either the Greek or the Australian the boxing competition. A. have won B. has won C. are won D. is won2. Paper money for over a thousand ye

23、ars. A. have been used B. has been used C. are used D. is using3. The police the case in the meeting-room. Nobody is allowed to enter. A. are discussing B. is discussing C. had discussed D. have discussed4. The singer and dancer come to the party tonight. A. is to B. are to C. are going to D. was to

24、5. The young the hope of our country. A. is B. are C. were D. was6. The army going to remain in this town. A. is B. are C. were D. was7. The army rescued the travelers A. has B. have C. has been D. have been8. Our team going to play a match on Saturday. A. was B. were C. i，D. are9. 1 hoped that some

25、body going to offer me a lift. A. is B. are C. were D. was10. The United States founded in 1776 A. were B. are Cis D. was11Playing football and watching TV both interesting. A. were B. was C. are D. is12. When and where to build the new factory yet. A. has not decided B. is not decided C. are not de

26、cided D. have not decided13. They each an apple. A. have B. has C. has got D. are to be had Each of the students a new book. A. have B. has C. have got D. is to be had15A few of the young trees in Tangsa can be cut each year for firewood. The rest to grow even taller. A. left B. will left C. is left

27、 D. are left16. In this forest over 50of the trees damaged so far. A. had been B. have been C. has been D. are17Now，song writers are writing once more about things that common for everyone. A. is B. were C. was D. are18A needle and thread on the reception table. A. is served B. serves C. are served D. serve19. He no less than I eager to go to the Great Wall. A. am B. is C. are D. were20. iVlany a student answered the questions correctly. A. have B. had been C. has D. have been