四级写作技巧.doc

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1、一新题型试卷五个部分的题目、计分和考试时间列表如下：序号 各部分名称 题目数 计分 考试时间 短文作文115分 3分钟 快速阅读 10题 10分 1分钟 听力理解5题 35分 35分钟 阅读理解：1多项选择2选词填空 2题 25分 2分钟 完形填空或改错20题 10 15分钟 VI中译英或简答题555合计91100分125分钟二上课安排时间内容第3周写作技巧1；听力第4周国庆节放假第5周写作技巧2；听力第6周快速阅读技巧；听力第7周听力理解技巧；听力第8周篇章阅读技巧；听力第9周选词填空技巧；听力第10周完形填空技巧；听力第11周改错技巧；听力第12周中译英技巧；听力第13周简答题；听力第14

2、周四级选修课考试（12月11日）第15周全国四级英语统考（12月19日）1.本题满分为15分。2.阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1至2份。3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）;若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加1分（即9分）或减1分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。4.评分标准:2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思路不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11

3、分切题。表达思路清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。How to Study English Well I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points. First, wide reading should be taken as a priority in the leaning process, becau

4、se it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. On the one hand, rote learning /learning by rote/ is indeed of little help, but on the other hand, memorization/learning by heart with a good understa

5、nding will certainly be of benefit/do good to us. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English. Finally, it is critical that we should put what we have learned into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speakin

6、g, we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English. 我认为总结一下学习英语的经验是值得一试的。这里，我想谈三个相关的问题。 首先，大量阅读应被视为学习过程中的重点，因为我们是通过阅读获取最大量语言输入的。其次，尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。一方面，死记硬背确实无甚裨益，但另一方面，在真正理解基础上的熟记肯定对我们有好处。大脑中储存了大量很好的文章，我们在用英语表达自己思想的时候，就会觉得容易多了。最后，我们应该把所学的东西用到实践中去，这是至关重要的。通过多读、多写、多听、多说，我们就能完成提高英语水平面

7、的任务。 四级作文命题透析一 题材现实性（一） 关于学习和校园生活题材这类题材占65%。紧贴学生的学习体验，校园生活，业余活动等。比如：Is Failure a Bad Thing?How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English?Positive and Negative Aspects of SportsMy Most Favorite ProgrammeAdvantages of a Job InterviewHow to Succeed in a Job InterviewPractice Makes PerfectMy Ideal Job

8、Getting to Know the World Outside the CampusReading Selectively or ExtensivelyHow I Finance My College EducationA Letter to a SchoolmateA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on CampusStudent Use of ComputerAn Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic AccidentThe Day My Classmate Fell

9、 IllA Letter in Reply to a FriendA Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction（二） 关于社会发展变化和现象的热门题材 这类题材占35%。这类题材反映当时社会主要发展变化和现象以及人们的观念和关注焦点，属于热门话题。比如：How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic?Making Our Cities GreenerBicycle - an Important Means of Transport in ChinaChanges in Peoples DietThe World I

10、s Getting Smaller and SmallerCan Money Buy Happiness?Global Shortage of Fresh WaterHarmfulness of Fake CommoditiesDo“Lucky Number”Really Bring Good Luck?Dont Hesitate to Say “No”It Pays to Be HonestLimiting the Use of Disposal Plastic Bags二 题材多样性（一） 议论文 （占总数42%）议论文（或称为论说文、说理文）是四级作文的重点命题体裁。所占比重最大。议论文

11、的目的是：（1）让读者理解或接受作者的观点和建议；（2）为自己的行为或观点进行辩解；（3）对别人的观点或行为提出赞成、质疑或批评。从内容上讲，议论文包括三个要素：论点（Thesis Statement）、论据（Evidence）和论证（Reasoning）。注重考生的思辩能力，不仅要求考生推理论证，谈经论道，还要求表达个人观点。只有立场鲜明、观点明确、理由充分、文理通顺，才能获得作文高分。例如：Is Failure a Bad Thing?1 失败是常有的事2 人们对失败有各种不同的态度3 我对失败的态度Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports1 运动的积

12、极因素2 运动的消极因素3 我的体会（二） 说明文（占39%）（三） 记叙文（两次）（四） 应用文（三次）三 形式固定化（一）提纲式作文Do“Lucky Number”Really Bring Good Luck?1 有些人认为数字会带来好运2 也有些人认为数字和运气无关3 试说明你的看法（二）图表式作文四 类型模式化（一） 图表分析型（二） 对比论述型（三） 问题解决型（四） 道理论证型（五） 应用文类慢手学快招1 三段式作文2 写好主题句和扩展句3 写作模板4 适当运用修辞1 三段式作文即开头段、中间段落和结尾段。开头段提出文章的主题，主题要突出。开篇点体，易于展开。中间段是文章的主体，阐

13、述要清楚，段落必须具有一致性、连贯性和条理性。结尾段概括文章的中心思想，或提出建议或解决措施，重述不重复。遵循十二句作文法，每个句子平均十个词，避免文章过长或字数不足。文章写成三段式，每个段落大体分为四个句子，即主题句，正面论述主题句，反面论述主题，结尾句。文章结构固定化，便于熟悉掌握。2 写好主题句和扩展句拿到作文的第一件事就是审题。所谓审题就是审作文的体裁和题材。四、六级作文的体裁包括：议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。题材有关校园生活类和社会现象类。确定好体裁和题材后就是构思文章的结构（三段式）。接下来最重要的是写好每一个段落的主题句和扩展句。主题句是段落的中心，必须是一个完整的句子，内容

14、表述清楚，具体准确。主题句多数位于段落的开端。在展开各个段落时，扩展句必须为主题句服务。3 写作模板化繁为简，将繁杂的作文过程简化为选取模板，填写主题词、主题句、理由和论据的简洁过程。根据历年作文命题规律，将作文划分为五种题型：图表分析型、对比论述型、问题解决型、道理论证型和应用文类。每种题型配备两、三种写作模板，熟悉写作模板，背熟模板中的句型，并能灵活运用。4 当运用修辞 在选词方面，注意简单中有突出；用句方面，注意通顺中求力度；修辞方法方面，注意易懂中求美妙；同时要注意丢弃有伤大雅的语法错误。Score, scoring, overall scoring, global rewarding

15、 作文范例一、 图表分析图表作文的命题形式是提供图画或者图表，要求考生用简洁、生动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。然后进行分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。图表作文是一种信息的转换。也就是说，写图表作文时，首先要以题目中的要求为指导，审慎读图，准确把握图表传递的信息，将其扩展成文。图表作文往往是以说明为主，图表中的数据，是为说明某个问题而提供的，只要问题能阐释清楚，就不必面面俱到地把所有数据都在文章中引用出来。考生要切忌毫无目的地引用图表中的数据。引用数据过多的同学往往得分最底。此外，有的写作题目可能给出的是类似漫画之类的图画。这时要特别注意其深层含义。还有的题目可能给的是连环画

16、，这时须注意时间的发展与连贯。 图表作问难在两点： 审题看懂图表内容，弄清写作重点； 描述主次分明，准确生动。 图表作文的段落设计： 开头段说明该图表反映的概况，选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述； 中间段对数据进行仔细的分析比较，归纳出增减速率，找出产生变化的原因； 结尾段写看完图表后的想法或评论，得出自己的结论。 图表题型主要分类： 曲线图题型（Line chart）; 饼状图题型（Pie chart）; 柱状图题型（Bar chart）; 表格图题型（Table）. 图表描述应注意的问题： 要突出重点，抓住图表的极端点，如：最大或最小，最多或最少，最好和最差，基本相同之处等。 总趋势的

17、描述必须准确，要看出总的规律、趋势，抓住特征，归纳增减速度。 图表往往提供大量数据，考生应该仔细观察分析，从中选择有效信息。图表上资料、数据的描述必须选择重点，不能事无巨细，一一列出。 充分利用图表中所提供的文字或说明，它们往往为我们提供了切入点。 说明、描述图表时应注意动词时态，属于过去发生的应该用一般过去时，属于经常发生的应该用一般现在时。 句子结构要力求有变化，不要总是用一个句型。 考生应该熟练掌握一些固定句式和表达方式。 人证检查，由于数据多，注意别混淆，以免闹出“张冠李戴”的笑话。写作套路根据提纲及结构模式，用12句话可以组成下面两个模板：图表分析型 模板一 As is clearl

18、y shown in the table /figure/graph/chart,betweenand .Especially,. There are three reasons for.To begin with, In addition/Moreover, . For example, . Last but not least In short, . As far as I am concerned/For my part? As for me, On the one hand, On the other hand, In brief, . 图表分析模板二The table/figure/

19、graph/ chart shows that from to . It is self-evident that, . Three possible reasons contribute to.One reason is that .Another reason is that . For instance, . Whats more, . As a result, .However, in my opinion. For one thing, .For another, . To sum up, .图表分析型模板三It can be seen from the table/figure/g

20、raph/chart that_ between _and _. Especially, _. Why are there such great changes during _years? There are mainly two reasons explaining _. First _. In the old days _. But now _. Second, _. As a result, _. In my viewpoint _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _.套图表分析型 模板一Student Use of Computer A

21、s is clearly shown in the chart, between 1990 and 1995. Especially,. There are three reasons for this (phenomenon). To begin with,. In addition/Moreover,. For example,. Last but not least. In short,. As far as I am concerned,.On the one hand,. On the other hand,. In brief,.套图表分析型 模板一Changes in Colle

22、ge Students Ways of Spending Summer Vocation2. State the changes briefly3. Give possible reasons for the changes4. Predict the trend of the changes As is clearly shown in the chart, the number of students who go traveling and do social investigation during summer vocation has increased greatly betwe

23、en 1992 and 2002. Especially, the number of students who stay at home has decreased a lot. There are three reasons for this (phenomenon). To begin with, with the development of economy many people have become rich; so more and more students are able to get financial support from their parents. In ad

24、dition/Moreover, tourism has greatly developed during the ten years. For example, many new scenic spots have been constructed. Last but not least the government has been encouraging college students to do investigation on the rapid development in both urban and rural areas. In short, traveling and d

25、oing social investigations will benefit college students a lot. As far as I am concerned, it can be predicted that more and more college students will make their summer vocation interesting and meaningful by going to the outside world instead of staying at home.On the one hand, it can broaden their

26、eyesight. On the other hand, students can obtain some social knowledge that they cannot get from textbook. In brief, it is necessary for college students to take advantage of the summer vocation to get to know the world outside the campus.套图表分析型 模板二Film Is Giving Way to TV1. 电影观众越来越少2. 电视观众越来越多，因为3.

27、 然而，还是有人喜欢电影，因为 The graph shows that film is giving way to TV from 1975 to 1985. It is self-evident that, the number of film-goers declined sharply to about 15 thousand which is only some 20 percent of that in 1975. Three possible reasons contribute to this.One reason is that the decline of film-goe

28、rs, no doubt, owes to the steadily increasing number of TV-watchers in the same decade. Another reason is that with the quickened pace in our modern society, more people prefer TV to film because they have less chance than their older generation to spend two or three hours in a cinema. For instance,

29、 those who go to cinemas frequently are usually people in love or, to a large extent, people with much leisure time. Whats more, modern people prefer a kind of entertainment which is freer, less time-consuming and thus more efficient. As a result, TV meets their need, which is at least partly what a

30、ttributes to the boom of TV in our generation.However, in my opinion, there are still a number of film-fans nowadays. For one thing, they claim that as a classical art, film is far more enjoyable than TV. For another, some of them also want to recall the life of the “good past”. To sum up, film is s

31、till a charming kind of art as it used to be.套图表分析型模板一Rising Divorce Rates in China1. 描述图表所反映的问题2. 你认为最近几年中国离婚率高的原因是什么1 China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate from 1956 to 19962 during the last decade, the divorce rate in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previ

32、ous thirty years3 this4 legal changes have simplified divorce procedures, and removed barriers to divorce5 there has been a significant change in social attitude towards the divorced people6 the divorce is no longer considered a social stigma 7 the change in personal economic activities also facilit

33、ates divorce8 the upward trend in divorce seems to be mirror of some important changes in Chinese society9 whatever changes leading to the rise in divorce rates, the fact and the statistics alone reflect the change in peoples traditional view of marriage and family life10 divorce is no longer an emb

34、arrassing topic in China11 it is peoples right to choose divorce if there is an emotional breakdown in marriages12 divorce is an appropriate way to solve problems in marriage and family life for some couples套图表分析型 模板三Educational Enrollment in China of 1978 and 1983 1978(Million) 1983(Million)Primary

35、 Schools 146.23 13.82Secondary S. 65.54 43.94Specialized S. 0.897 1.37Universities and 0.854 1.20Colleges1. some significant changes took place in student enrollment in China during the years between 1978 and 19832. the number of student in primary schools and secondary schools dropped, while the en

36、rollment of specialized schools and that of colleges increased3. Why 5 years?4. these changes5. as many parents thought money was the most important thing in present society, they no longer sent their children to schools or made them drop out of schools at an early age6. basic education as seen as v

37、ery important7. people attach more importance to earning money8. to build our country into a modernized one, a large number of professionals and intellectuals are needed9. the government founded many new specialized schools and college, which provided more opportunities for those young people intere

38、sted in advance education10. it is good for more students to receive advanced education11. the development of our country needs large number of well-educated young people 12. it is alarming to see so many children leave school to earn a living, which will affect not only their own future but also the future of our nation