非语言交际 (2)精选文档.ppt

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1、非语言交际本讲稿第一页，共三十五页Addressing peoplenThe first difference:namesLiu YuGeorge BushSurname Given name Given name SurnameLast name First nameFirst name Last name本讲稿第二页，共三十五页Addressing peoplenThe usage of the surname and given name in English and Chinese can be summarized as follows:ChineseEnglishFormal Re

2、lation-ship/SituationSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameNeutral Relation-ship/SituationSurname+TitleTitle+SurnameGiven NameClose Relationship/Informal SituationGiven NameGiven Name本讲稿第三页，共三十五页Addressing peoplenThe second difference:addressing family members本讲稿第四页，共三十五页Addressing peoplenThe third difference:n

3、Chinese prefer to address others by using their titles,or occupation,such as 宋局长(Director Song),高经理(Manager Gao),刘老师(Teacher Liu)in which the surname comes last in order to show respect for the person concerned.nHowever,this custom is not totally applicable in English in that only a few occupations

4、or titles are used before a persons last name:Dr.,Mrs.,Miss,Ms.,Mr.,Judge,Governor,Mayor,etc.本讲稿第五页，共三十五页Addressing peoplenThe final difference in addressing people lies in the ways of getting the attention of a stranger,or a person whose name we may not know.nChinese:同志，师傅，大哥，叔叔nEnglish:Excuse me,P

5、ardon me,etc.本讲稿第六页，共三十五页ComplimentsnCase 1nA young Chinese woman in the US was complimented by an American woman for the lovely dress she was wearing:“Its exquisite.The colors are so beautiful!”She was pleased but somewhat embarrassed.In typical Chinese fashion,she replied,“Oh,its just an ordinary

6、dress I bought in China.”本讲稿第七页，共三十五页Contentsn nNon-Verbal Communication In n1 Understanding Non-verbal Communicationn n2 Types of Non-verbal Communication本讲稿第八页，共三十五页Understanding Non-verbal Communication He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret

7、.If his lips are silent he chats with his fingertips;betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.Sigmund Freud 本讲稿第九页，共三十五页参考译文：有眼睛会看有耳朵会听的人皆相信，凡人有眼睛会看有耳朵会听的人皆相信，凡人都无法保守秘密。即使他的嘴唇保持沉默，都无法保守秘密。即使他的嘴唇保持沉默，他的手指还在交谈；每一个毛孔都在暴露他他的手指还在交谈；每一个毛孔都在暴露他。本讲稿第十页，共三十五页Non verbal Communicationn nExchange of information

8、through nonlinguistic signs or symbolsn nAll external stimuli other than spoken or written words and including body motion,characteristics of appearance,voice and use of space and distancing.本讲稿第十一页，共三十五页n nNo substitute for verbaln nOnly supplements/reinforcesn nEfficiency in non verbal makes up th

9、e deficiency in verbal.n nMore Impactn n7%verbal（of words）38%vocal(of voice)55%nonverbalNon verbal Communication本讲稿第十二页，共三十五页Types of Non-Verbal Communicationn nKinesics【手势语研究】n nProxemics【空间关系学】（Edward T.Hall in 1966）n nChronemics【时间使用学】n nParalanguage【副语言(指手势语等),辅助语言,超语言(如呻吟声、叹息声等)】n nArtifacts【器物

10、】本讲稿第十三页，共三十五页BODY LANGUAGEKINESICS Branch of LearningAspectsn nPersonal Appearancen nFacial Expressionn nPosturen nGesturen nEye Contactn nSpace,Distancingn nTouch本讲稿第十四页，共三十五页1.Personal AppearancenThe PersonnThe AttirenThe Accessories本讲稿第十五页，共三十五页Person:hair,beard,colour of skin,age,grooming,clean

11、liness&attractiveness,handicaps,ugliness,abnormality or deformity本讲稿第十六页，共三十五页Attire dress(clothing)Speaks loudly about our general attitude,behavioural preferences,confidence,occupation,personality,power,status&values 本讲稿第十七页，共三十五页Accessories-AppendagesOther than garments.Other than garments.Tangib

12、leSpectacles,false eye lashes/nails,ties,rings,bangles tatoos,buttens,cosmetics etcIntangibleDeodorants,perfumes etc.Either enhance the p.a.or detract from the p.a.本讲稿第十八页，共三十五页2.FACIAL EXPRESSIONn nMajor visible signs which betray our feelingsn nUsed to aid,inhibit or complementn nReveal attitude,c

13、onfidencen n Spontaneous emotional expressions n nTo interpret accurately is a tricky task.本讲稿第十九页，共三十五页FACIAL TYPESn nInhibitedn nUninhibitedn nUnwittingn nBlankn nFrozen 本讲稿第二十页，共三十五页3.POSTUREn nThe way one stands,sits or walksn nMovement of the body,position of hands/legs&other partsn nMeasure of

14、 personality,success of communicationn nVary according to situations本讲稿第二十一页，共三十五页4.Gesturesn nAny action that sends a visual Any action that sends a visual signal to an onlooker(An signal to an onlooker(An observed action)observed action)n nWhat signals are being What signals are being received is

15、importantreceived is importantn nWell-timed drive home your Well-timed drive home your ideasideasn nEnhance impact,add a Enhance impact,add a greater valuegreater valuen nTypes enumerative,Types enumerative,descriptive,locative descriptive,locative symbolic,emphaticsymbolic,emphatic本讲稿第二十二页，共三十五页5.E

16、ye Contactn nLeads to more effective commnn nShows whether speaker is sincere&listener is interestedn nEnables to alter/adjust/reframen nEstablishes rapportn nConvey both intended as well as unintended messages本讲稿第二十三页，共三十五页6.Proxemics Space Distancingn nConcept Important for nonverbal commnConcept

17、Important for nonverbal commnn nIntimate Zone-Physical touch to 18 inchesn nPersonal Zone-18 inches-4 feetn nSocial Zone-4 feet-12 feetSocial Zone-4 feet-12 feetn nPublic Zone-12 feet-30 feetPublic Zone-12 feet-30 feet本讲稿第二十四页，共三十五页 7.Haptics(Touch)Body contact Intention,context,interpretation,relat

18、ionship Functional/professional,social,friendship,intimacy,sexual Culture specific本讲稿第二十五页，共三十五页Para linguisticsNon verbal vocal cuesn nVoice(Quality,Pitch,Rate,Volume)n nArticulationn nModulationn nPronunciationn nPauses本讲稿第二十六页，共三十五页The Voice in Delivery Qualityn nCharacteristic that distinguish o

19、ne voice from anothern nVaries-Rich and alluring,Hoarse and husky,Thin and nasal etc本讲稿第二十七页，共三十五页The Voice in DeliveryPitch n nRise and fall in the voicen nEssential to convey the varieties in emotionn nWell-balanced and well suited pitch results in a clear and effective tone本讲稿第二十八页，共三十五页The Voice

20、 in DeliveryRate n nSpeed of words per minuten nNormal rate-120-180 WPMn nDepends on the complexity of the material,mood the speaker wants to create&composition of the audience本讲稿第二十九页，共三十五页The Voice in DeliveryVolumeVolume n nLoudness or softness of the Loudness or softness of the voicevoicen nAdju

21、st according to two Adjust according to two factorsfactorsn nAcoustics of the room Acoustics of the room n nNo.of audienceNo.of audiencen nToo High-boorish and Too High-boorish and InsensitiveInsensitiven nToo low-exhibits ShynessToo low-exhibits Shyness本讲稿第三十页，共三十五页Articulation n nSaying words with

22、 clarity and forcefulness so they are individually audible and discernible.n nTo speak the sounds according to accepted normsn nAvoid Sloppy articulationn nOne of the several causes of mispronunciation本讲稿第三十一页，共三十五页Voice Modulationn nTo regulate,vary and adjust the tone,pitch and volume of the voice

23、.n nBrings flexibility and vitality to the voicen nConvey varieties in emotionsn nAbsence may lead to monotonous presentations本讲稿第三十二页，共三十五页Pronunciationn nTo speak the sounds according to accepted normsn nIndividual sounds should be pronounced correctlyn nWord stress should be proper本讲稿第三十三页，共三十五页P

24、ausesn nUse pauses at the end of certain thought unitsUse pauses at the end of certain thought unitsn nLeads to better comprehensionn nExhibits confidence and controlExhibits confidence and controln nTime the pauses properlyn nVocalised pauses should be avoided(um-ur)Vocalised pauses should be avoid

25、ed(um-ur)n nMakes the presentation evasive and untruthfulMakes the presentation evasive and untruthfuln nMake a speaker appear deceptiveMake a speaker appear deceptive本讲稿第三十四页，共三十五页Summing upnVisible code is as important as verbal codesnTraining in the use of v.c.is as essential as.n nV.C.are culture specific本讲稿第三十五页，共三十五页