1996-1999年考研完型、翻译与作文.doc
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1、1996年年全真试题Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in
2、 small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 1 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 2 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 3 is missing a de
3、ficiency disease becomes 4 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 5 nitrogen. They are different 6 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 7 one or more specific functions in the body. 8 enough vitamins is essential to
4、life, although the body has no nutritional use for 9 vitamins. Many people, 10 , believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a wellbalanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs. 1.AeitherBsoCnorDnever 2.Ashifting Btransferring Caltering Dtransforming3.Aan
5、yBsomeCanything Dsomething4.AseriousBapparentCsevereDfatal5.AmostlyBpartiallyCsometimesDrarely6.Ain that Bso thatCsuch thatDexcept that7.Aundertakes BholdsCplaysDperforms8.ASupplying BGettingCProvidingDFurnishing9.AexceptionalBexceedingCexcessDexternal10.AneverthelessBthereforeCmoreover DmeanwhilePa
6、rt EnglishChinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.
7、31)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theo
8、ry ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 32)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands
9、 that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment
10、as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 33)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropria
11、te recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a
12、valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 34)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinat
13、ing and delightful aspects. 35)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. Section Writing36. Directions:A. Title: GOOD HEALTHB. Time limit: 40minutesC. Word limit: 120150 words (not including t
14、he given opening sentence)D. Your composition should be based on the “OUTLINE” below and should start with the given opening sentence: “The desire for good health is universal”.E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.Outline:1. Importance of good health.2. Ways to keep fit.3.
15、 My own practices.1996年英语试题答案Part Cloze Test1. C 2. D 3. A4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8.B 9. C 10. APart English-Chinese Translation31.在这些原因中,有些纯属社会需求;另一些则是由于科学上某些特定发展在一定程度上自我加速而产生的必然结果。32.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府要向其科研机构提出具体的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。33.给某些与当前目标无关而将来则可能产生影响的科研予以支持,看来能够有效地解决这个问题。34.然而,世界就是如此,完美的体
16、系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。35.同过去一样,将来必然出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象,给完美以新的标准。试题精解Part Cloze Test一、文章总体分析本文是一篇介绍维生素的科普性小短文。文章首段对维生素下定义。第二段介绍了维生素的两大功能:将食物转化成能量和维持身体健康。第三段介绍了各种维生素的异同:基本组成元素相同,但排列方式不同,并且各自承担一到多种特殊功能。第四段指出:不需要获取过量的维生素,均衡的饮食通常就可以完全满足身体对它们的需求了。二、试题具体解析1.A either B soC norD never精解 本题考核的知识点是:否定倒装句的连词。空格前
17、文讲到维生素不能提供能量,是一个否定句;后文讲到它们构建身体的任何部分,是倒装句,因此选项必须既能引导倒装句,又能与前面的否定相呼应。四个选项中,either表示“也”,可以用在否定句中,但一般放在句尾,例如:She didnt go there, either(她也不去);so 可以引导倒装句,但它用在肯定句中,表示“也”,如:They can leave now, so can we.(他们现在可以离开了,我们也能)。nor也可以引导倒装句,并可用在否定句中,构成not.nor.(既不也不)固定结构,如:You cant do it, nor can I.(你不能做这件事,我也不能);ne
18、ver也可以引导倒装句,表示否定,但它必须放在句首,如:Never in my life have I heard such nonsense.(我一辈子都没听说过这样的无稽之谈)。综合以上因素,C为正确选项。2.A shifting替换,转移B transferring迁移,移动,传递C altering改变,变动D transforming转换,改变精解 本题考核的知识点是:习惯搭配 + 动词词义辨析。空格所在句子的含义是“需要维生素将食物2为能量,以维持身体的健康”。空格填入的分词需和into搭配,并符合文意。transform常与into搭配,强调的是“事物大的变革或质的改变”。在此从
19、food(食物)到energy(能量)的转变是一种质的改变,因此,D符合句意。shift 不与into搭配,如:The wind shifted to the south(风转向南吹);transfer多用于位置的改变,也不与into搭配,如:His employer transferred him to another office.(老板把他调到了另一个办公室);alter强调部分或少量的变动,程度较轻,如:These clothes are too large; they must be altered.(这些衣服太大,得修改)。因此以上三个词都不能表示事物质的改变。知识点补充:tran
20、s-为前缀,与动词连用,表示“横过,越过”或“转变,转移”,例如:transact(办理, 交易, 谈判, 处理),transatlantic(横渡大西洋的),trans-national(跨越国界的),transplant(移植),transport(运输)。3.A any任何一个B some一些C anything任何事物D something某事物精解 本题考核的知识点是:不定代词的用法。空格所在句子是一个由and连接的并列句,前一个分句There are thirteen or more of them中的them指的是vitamins,后一个分句是一个由if引导的条件状语从句,意为“
21、如果缺乏,(会出现)维生素缺乏症。”由于if引导的从句中谓语动词is是单数,因而,只能由一个表示单数意义的不定代词作为被选项。首先排除some,它一般用于肯定句,做主语时谓语动词用复数;其次anything与something泛指任何事或某些事,放入句中不符句意;any放入后相当于any of them,即“任何维生素”。注意any一般用于否定或疑问句中,做主语时,谓语动词常用单数,如:Any of the hunters is able to catch the tiger single-handed.(任何一个猎人都能单独抓住老虎)。因此答案只能选A。4.A serious严重的,严肃的,
22、认真的 B apparent明显的C severe严厉的,剧烈的,严峻的D fatal致命的精解 本题考核的知识点是:形容词词义辨析。本题要求考生判断,如果缺乏任何一种维生素,缺乏症就会变得怎样。四个备选项表示的程度不同,从语意的角度来说都可以与disease相搭配。但是,根据上下文,这里需要填入一个准确描述疾病症状的词。serious、severe和fatal这几个词都表示程度严重,甚至危及生命。但上下文没有暗示缺乏一种维生素会导致严重的后果,因此,这三个词都不可作为被选项。apparent只是简单地描述了疾病的症状,为正确选项。5.A mostly大部分,主要地 B partially部分
23、地C sometimes 有时候D rarely很少地,罕有地精解 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑语义搭配 + 副词词义辨析。本句破折号后举例说明维生素的组成成分:碳、氢、氧和5氮,and 表明各成分之间为并列关系,那么,选项应与usually相呼应。usually是频度副词,选项也应是频度副词。选项中,mostly和partially不是频率副词,而是强调事物部分与整体的关系,如:The audience consisted mostly of women.(观众主要是妇女);The driver is partially to blame for the accident.(司机对那次车祸应负部
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