发动机 专业英语教学内容.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。发动机 专业英语-1.发动机：发动机2大机构5大系：曲柄连杆机构；配气机构；燃料供给系；冷却系；润滑系；点火系,起动系Engine:(the2mainoutfitsand5systems),crankconnectingoutfits,exhaustoutfits;fuelfeedingsystem,coolingsystem,lubricatingsystem,ignitionsystem,startingsystem.2.底盘：底盘作用是支承、安装汽车发动机及其各部件、总成，形成汽车的整体造型，并接

2、受发动机的动力，使汽车产生运动，保证正常行驶。底盘由传动系、行驶系、转向系和制动系四部分组成。Chassis:tosupport,setautoengineandothersparepartsandassembly,formthewholeauto.Ittransmitsthepowergeneratedfromtheenginetostartautomovement;ensurestheautoruninbalance.Itconsistsoftransmissionsystem,drivesystem,steeringsystemandbrakingsystem.3.车身：车身安装在底盘的

3、车架上，用以驾驶员、旅客乘坐或装载货物。轿车、客车的车身一般是整体结构，货车车身一般是由驾驶室和货箱两部分组成。Body:itisfixedupontheautochassis,andusedforseatingthedriverandpassengersorloadingcargoes.Itisusuallyawholeofcarbodyandpassengerautobody.Wangonautobodyconsiststwoparts:cabandgate.4.电气设备：电气设备由电源和用电设备两大部分组成。电源包括蓄电池和发电机；用电设备包括发动机的起动系、汽油机的点火系和其它用电装置

4、。Electricalequipment:electricalequipmentconsistssupplierandconsumers.Powersupplierindicatesbatteryanddynamotor;powerconsumerincludesthestartingsystemoftheengine,gasolineengine,andignitionsystemandsomeotherpowerconsumingequipment.参数和性能参数parameterandcapacityparameter1.整车装备质量（kg）：汽车完全装备好的质量，包括润滑油、燃料、随车

5、工具、备胎等所有装置的质量。Loadingweight(kg):theweightofthefullloadingautomobile,includingtheweightoflubricatingoil,fuel,toolsalongwiththeauto,sparewheelandalltheotherequipment.2.最大总质量(kg)：汽车满载时的总质量。Maximumtotalweight:thetotalweightwhilefullloaded3.最大装载质量(kg)：汽车在道路上行驶时的最大装载质量。Maximumloadingweight:themaxiweightwh

6、ilerunningonroad.4.最大轴载质量（kg）：汽车单轴所承载的最大总质量。与道路通过性有关。Maximumbearingweight:themaxiloadingweightofeverysinglebearing.Ithasnothingtodowithtransitingfactor.5.车长(mm)：汽车长度方向两极端点间的距离。Autolength:thelengthbetweenthetwoendsalongthelongorientation6.车宽(mm)：汽车宽度方向两极端点间的距离。Autowidth:thelengthbetweenthetwoendsalon

7、gthewideorientation7.车高(mm)：汽车最高点至地面间的距离。Autoheight:thelengthbetweenthehighestpointoftheautototheground.8.轴距(mm)：汽车前轴中心至后轴中心的距离。wheelbase:thelengthbetweenthefondaxleandtherearone.9.轮距(mm)：同一车轿左右轮胎胎面中心线间的距离。Tread:thelengthbetweenthecentersofthetwowheels(leftandrightwheel)ofthesameautomobile.10.前悬(mm)

8、：汽车最前端至前轴中心的距离。Frontoverhang:thelengthbetweenthecenterofthefrontaxleandtheveryfrontendoftheauto.11.后悬(mm)：汽车最后端至后轴中心的距离。Rearoverhang:thelengthfromthecenteroftherearaxletheverybackoftheauto.12.最小离地间隙(mm)：汽车满载时，最低点至地面的距离。Minimumgroundclearance:thelengthfromthelow-watermarktothegroundwhilefullloading.1

9、3.接近角()：汽车前端突出点向前轮引的切线与地面的夹角。Frontoverhangangle:theanglebetweenthegroundandthetangentwhichdrawsfromtheextrudepointoftheautofronttothefrontwheel.14.离去角()：汽车后端突出点向后轮引的切线与地面的夹角。Departureangle:theanglebetweenthegroundandthetangentwhichwasdrownfromtheextrudepointoftheautoendtotherearwheel.15.转弯半径(mm)：汽车转

10、向时，汽车外侧转向轮的中心平面在车辆支承平面上的轨迹圆半径。转向盘转到极限位置时的转弯半径为最小转弯半径。Corneringradius:theradiusofwhichdrownonthebearingplanebytheexteriorwheelcenterwhilecornering.16.最高车速(km/h)：汽车在平直道路上行驶时能达到的最大速度。Maximumvelocity:themaximumspeedoftheautowhilerunningonthestraightevenroad.17.最大爬坡度(%)：汽车满载时的最大爬坡能力。Maximumgradeability:t

11、hemaximumgradeabilitywhilefullloading18.平均燃料消耗量(L/100km)：汽车在道路上行驶时每百公里平均燃料消耗量。Averagefuelwastage:thequantityofaveragefuelwastageofeach100kilometerwhilerunningontheroad.19.车轮数和驱动轮数(nm)：车轮数以轮毂数为计量依据，n代表汽车的车轮总数，m代表驱动轮数。No.ofwheelanddrivingwheel:wheelhubNo.iscalculatedasthewheelNo.gist,“n”standsfortheto

12、talwheelnumber,“m”standsforthedrivingwheelnumber.引擎系统(AutomotiveEngineSystem)燃烧室(CombustionChamber)活塞到达上死点后其顶部与汽缸盖之间的空间，燃料即在此室燃烧。压缩比(CompressionRatio)活塞在下死点的汽缸之总容积除以活塞在上死点的总容积(燃烧室容积)，所得的值就称为压缩比。连杆(ConnectingRod)引擎中连接曲轴与活塞的连接杆。冷却系统(CoolingSystem)可藉冷却剂的循环，将多余的热量移出引擎，以防止过热的系统。在水冷式的引擎中，包括水套、水泵、水箱及节温器。曲轴

13、箱(Crankcase)引擎下部，为曲轴运转的地方，包括汽缸体的下部和油底壳。曲轴(Crankshaft)引擎的主要旋转机件，装上连杆后，可承接连杆的上下(往复)运动变成循环(旋转)运动。曲轴齿轮(CrankshaftGear)装在曲轴前端的齿轮或键齿轮，通常用来代动凸轮轴齿轮，链条或齿状皮带。汽缸体(CylinderBlock)引擎的基本结构，引擎所有的零附件都装在该机件上，包括引擎汽缸及曲轴箱的上半部。汽缸盖(CylinderHead)引擎的盖子及封闭汽缺的机件，包括水套和汽门及冷却片。爆震(Detonation)为火焰的撞击或爆声，在火花点火引擎的燃烧室内，因为压过的空气燃料混合气会自燃

14、，于是使部份未燃的混合气产生二次点火(在火星塞点火之后)，因而发出了爆声。排气量(Displacemint)在引擎的某一循环运作中，能将全部空气及混合气送入所有汽缸的能力，也是指一个活塞从一个行程运作至另一行程所能排的体积。引擎(Engine)一种能将热能转变为机械能的机械：一种可将燃料燃烧产生机械动力的装置；有时可视为一种发动机。风扇皮带(FanBelt)一种由曲轴带动的皮带，其主要目的是带动引擎风扇和水泵。浮筒油面高度(FloatLevel)化油器浮筒室内，浮筒浮起而顶住针阀，堵住进油口，使油不再流入浮筒室时，油面的高度。四行程引擎(Four-StrokeCycle)进气、压缩、动力、排气

15、四个行程。四个行程调一完整的循环。轮椅升降机Wheelchairlift图例legend工位station吊运装置overheadhoist更衣室restroom1号厂房工艺布置方案图proposalofthePlantIlayout合笼mate底盘平移台chassisshuttle车辆转移台bustransfer前围角板frontwallanglecover后围侧板rearwallsidecover保险杠bumper三类底盘threetypechassis左侧围应力蒙皮R/Sstretchingskin(roadside)中涂floatingcoat拼装台collector切割轮口wheel

16、-archcutting内饰trim线束harness返工re-doing轮罩护板wheelhouse发车前准备pre-delivery举升hoist小批量产品bepilot2套twokits配电站powertransformersubstation裙板skirt发动机托架engineholdingframe诊断报警系统diagnosisandalarmingsystem互换性interchangeability缩微图纸microfichefiles总装finalassembly磷化phosphating仪表板dashboard切齐trimming结构完整性structureintegrity

17、自动愈合的防腐材料self-healingcorrosionpreventativematerial长途客车inter-citybus改装厂refittingfactory遮阳板sunvisor随车工具toolbox钢化玻璃toughenedgrass异形钢管specialsteelpipe全天候空调系统fullrangeA/C强制通风ram-airventilation停机时间downtime无公害柴油cleandiesel宽敞悬臂式座椅roomycantileveredseat防滑地板no-skidfloor织物纹里铝合金texturedaluminumextrution爬坡能力grade

18、ability排水阀drainvalve除湿器moistureejector怠速时atidle琴式驱动桥banjotypedriveaxle通风口duct恒温控制thermostaticcontrol平衡水箱surgetank变光开关simmerswitch消音器muffler防破坏vandalresistant聚碳化透镜poly-carbonatelen镀锌板galvanizedplate搭接lap亮丽的外表smartapperance隐藏式固定concealedfastening水洼ponding发动机中置式客车buswithunderfloorengine组合式客车车身modularbu

19、sbody薄壳式结构shellconstruction衬垫pad空气导流板airdeflector搁梁shelfbeam腰梁waistrail梭梁stabilizingbeam腰带式安全带diagonalsafetybelt压条trimstrip嵌条insertionstrip翼板fender斜撑bracingpiece转向盘回正性试验testofsteeringwheelreturnability转向盘转角脉冲试验steeringwheelimpulseinputtest转向盘转角阶跃输入试验steeringwheelstepinputortransientstateyawresponset

20、est极限侧向加速度试验limitinglateralaccelerationtest汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验automobileriderandominputrunningtest汽车平顺性单脉冲输入行驶试验automobileridesinglepulseinputrunningtest汽车悬挂系统固有频率与阻尼比的测定试验measurementofnaturalfrequencyanddampingraitoofsuspension功率突然变化影响试验testofeffectofsuddenpowerchange收油门后控制试验testofcontrolatbreakway横风稳定性试

21、验testofcrosswindstability反冲试验kick-backtest轮胎爆破响应时间试验testofburstresponseoftyre绕过障碍物试验obstacleavoidancetest移线试验lanechangetestJ型转弯试验testofJturn频率响应时间试验frequencyresponsetest瞬态响应时间试验transientresponsetest阶路响应时间试验stepresponsetest脉冲响应试验pulseresponsetest静态操舵力试验staticsteeringefforttest悬架举升试验jack-uptestofsuspe

22、nsion耐翻倾试验testofoverturningimmunity轮辋错动试验rimsliptest风洞试验windtunneltest制动稳定性试验testofbrakingstability最小转弯直径试验minimumturningdiametertest操舵力试验steeringefforttest汽车发动机类型type发动机engine内燃机intenalcombusitonengine动力机装置powerunit汽油机gasolineengine汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injectionengine火花点火式发动机sparkignitionengine压燃式发动机co

23、mpressionignitionengine往复式内燃机reciprocatinginternalcombustionengine化油器式发动机carburetorengine柴油机dieselengine转子发动机rotaryengine旋轮线转子发动机rotarytrochoidalengine二冲程发动机two-strokeengine四冲程发动机four-strokeengine直接喷射式柴油机directinjectionengine间接喷射式柴油机indirectinjectionengine增压式发动机superchargedengine风冷式发动机air-cooledengi

24、ne油冷式发动机oil-cooledengine水冷式发动机water-cooledengine自然进气式发动机naturallyaspiratedengine煤气机gasengine液化石油气发动机liquifiedpetroleumgasengine柴油煤气机dieselgasengine多种燃料发动机multifuelengine石油发动机hydrocarbonengine双燃料发动机duelfuelengine热球式发动机hotbulbengine多气缸发动机multiplecylinderengine对置活塞发动机opposedpistonengine对置气缸式发动机opposed-

25、cylinderengine十字头型发动机crossheadengine直列式发动机in-lineengine星型发动机radialengine筒状活塞发动机trunk-pistonengine斯特林发动机stirlingengine套阀式发动机knightengine气孔扫气式发动机port-scavengedengine倾斜式发动机slantengine前置式发动机front-engine后置式发动机rear-engine中置式发动机centralengine左侧发动机left-handengine右侧发动机right-handengine短冲程发动机oversquareengine长冲程

26、发动机undersquareengine等径程发动机squareengine顶置凸轮轴发动机overheadcamshaftengine双顶置凸轮轴发动机dualoverheadcamshaftengineV形发动机V-engine顶置气门发动机valvein-headengine侧置气门发动机sidevalveengine无气门发动机valvelessengine多气门发动机multi-valveengine卧式发动机horizontalengine斜置式发动机inclinedengine立式发动机verticalengineW形发动机w-engineI形发动机I-engineL形发动机L-

27、engineF形发动机F-engine性能performance二冲程循环two-strokecycle四冲程循环four-strokecycle狄塞尔循环dieselcycle奥托循环ottocycle混合循环mixedcycle定容循环constantvolumecycle工作循环workingcycle等压循环constantpressurecycle理想循环idealcycle热力循环thermodynamiccycle冲程stroke活塞行程pistonstroke长行程longstroke上行程upstroke下行程downstroke进气行程intakestroke充气行程cha

28、rgingstroke压缩行程compressionstroke爆炸行程explosionstroke膨胀行程expansionstroke动力行程powerstroke排气行程exhauststroke膨胀换气行程expansion-exchangestroke换气压缩行程exchange-compressionstroke止点deadcenter上止点topdeadcenter(upperdeadcenter)下止点lowerdeadcenter(bottomdeadcenter)上止点前budc(beforeupperdeadcenter)上止点后atdc(aftertopdeadcet

29、ner)下止点前bbdc(beforebottomdeadcenter)下止点后abdc(afterbottomdeadcenter)缸径cylinderbore缸径与行程boreandstroke空气室energychamber气缸余隙容积cylinderclearancevolume燃烧室容积combustionchambervolume气缸最大容积maximumcylindervolume压缩室compressionchamber排气量displacement发动机排量enginedisplacement活塞排量pistonsweptvolume气缸容量cylindercapacity单

30、室容量single-chambercapacity容积法volumetry压缩比compressionratio临界压缩比criticalcompressionratio膨胀比expansionratio面容比surfacetovolumeratio行程缸径比stroke-boreratio混合比mixtureratio压缩压力compressionpressure制动平均有效压力brakemeaneffectivepressure(bmep)空燃比airfuelratio燃空比fuelairratio燃料当量比fuelequivalenceratio扭矩torque单缸功率powerperc

31、ylinder升功率powerperliter升扭矩torqueperliter升质量massperliter减额功率deratingpower输出马力shafthorsepower马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour总马力grosshorsepower总功率grosspower净功率netpower燃油消耗量fuelconsumption比燃料消耗率specificfuelconsumption空气消耗率airconsumption机油消耗量oilconsumption有效马力nethorsepower额定马力ratedhorsepower马力重量系数horsepower-weig

32、htfactor制动功率brakehorsepower制动热效率brakethermalefficiency总效率overallefficiency排烟极限功率smokelimitinghorsepower功率曲线powercurve机械损失mechanicalloss机械效率mechanicalefficiency有效热效率effectivethermalefficiency充气系数volumetricefficiency过量空气系数coefficientofexcessair适应性系数adaptivecoefficient扭矩适应性系数coefficientoftorqueadaptibi

33、lity转速适应性系数speedadaptivecoefficient强化系数coefficientofintensification校正系数correctionfactor换算系数conversionfactor活塞平均速度meanpistonspeed发动机转速enginespeed(rotationalfrequency)怠速转速idlingspeed经济转速economicspeed起动转速startingspeed最低稳定工作转速lowestcontinuousspeedwithload最大扭矩转速speedatmaximumtorque最高空转转速maximumnoloadgove

34、rnedspeed调速speedgoverning超速overspeed怠速idling转速波动率speedfluctuationrate工况workingcondition(operatingmode)额定工况declaredworkingcondition变工况variableworkingcondition稳定工况steadyworkingcondition空载no-load全负荷fullload超负荷overload部分负荷partload充量（进气）charge旋转方向directionofrotation顺时针clockwise逆时针counter-clockwise左转left-

35、handrotation右转right-handrotation外径majordiameter中径pitchdiameter内径minordiameter径向间隙radialclearance发动机性能engineperformance加载性能loadingperformance起动性能startingperformance加速性能accelerationperformance动力性能powerperformance排放性能emissionperformance空转特性noloadcharacteristics负荷特性partthrottlecharacteristics调速特性governo

36、rcontrolcharacteristics万有特性mappingcharacteristics稳定调速率steadystatespeedgoverningrate气缸体和气缸盖cylinderblockandhead气缸体cylinderblock整体铸造castinblock(castenblock)发动机罩enginebonnet气缸体加强筋engineblockstiffeningrib气缸cylinder（转子机）缸体stator缸径cylinderbore气缸体机架cylinderblockframe气缸盖cylinderhead配气机构箱valvemechanismcasing

37、气缸体隔片cylinderspacer气缸盖密封环cylinderheadringgasket气缸盖垫片cylinderheadgasket气缸套cylinderliner(cylindersleeve)干式缸套drycylinderliner湿式缸套wetcylinderliner气缸水套waterjacket膨胀塞expansionplug防冻塞freezeplug气缸壁cylinderwall环脊ringridge排气口exhaustport中间隔板intermediatebottum导板guideway创成半径（转子机）generatingradius缸体宽度（转子机）operatin

38、gwidth机柱column燃烧室combustionchamber主燃烧室maincombustionchamber副燃烧室subsidiarycombustionchamber预燃室prechamber涡流燃烧室swirlcombustionchamber分开式燃烧室dividedcombustionchamber涡流式燃烧室turbulencecombustionchamber半球形燃烧室hemisphericalcombustionchamber浴盆形燃烧室bathtubsectioncombustionchamberL形燃烧室L-combustionchamber楔形燃烧室wedge

39、-sectioncombustionchamber开式燃烧室opencombustionchamber封闭喷射室closedspraychamber活塞顶内燃烧室pistonchamber爆发室explosionchamber燃烧室容积比volumeratioofcombustioncahmber燃烧室口径比surface-volumeratioofcombustionchamber通道面积比arearatioofcombustionchamberpassage曲轴箱通气口crankcasebreather凸轮轴轴承座camshaftbearingbushseat定时齿轮室罩camshaftd

40、rive(gear)cover曲轴箱检查孔盖crankcasedoor曲轴箱防爆门crankcaseexplosionproofdoor主轴承盖mainbearingcap气缸盖罩valvemechanismcover飞轮壳flywheelcover扫气储器scavengingairreceiver活塞piston裙部开槽活塞splitskirtpistonU形槽活塞U-slotpiston滚花修复活塞knurledpiston圆顶活塞domeheadpiston平顶活塞flatheadpiston凸顶活塞crownheadpiston(convexheadpiston)凹顶活塞concave

41、headpiston阶梯顶活塞step-headpiston筒形活塞trunkpiston椭圆形活塞ovalpiston抗热变形活塞autothermicpiston不变间隙活塞constantclearancepiston镶因瓦钢片活塞invarstrutpiston直接冷却式活塞direct-cooledpiston间接冷却式活塞indirectcooledpiston滑裙活塞slipperpiston活塞速度pistonspeed活塞顶部pistonhead活塞裙部pistonskirt整体活塞裙solidskirt活塞裙扩大衬簧pistonskirtexpander滑履式活塞裙slip

42、perskirt隔热槽heatdam活塞标记pistonmark活塞销pistonpin活塞销孔pistonpinboss活塞销衬套pistonpinbushing全浮式活塞销full-floatingpistonpin半浮式活塞销semifloatingpistonpin固定螺钉式活塞销setscrewpistonpin活塞环pistonring组合式活塞环compoundpistonring同心活塞环concentricpistonring偏心活塞环eccentricpistonring自由环freering闭合环closedring梯形环keystonering半梯形环halfkeyst

43、onering矩形环rectangularring油环oilcontrolring开槽油环slottedoilcontrolring螺旋弹簧加载双坡口油环coilspringloadedslottedoilcontrolring涨环expander双坡口油环doublebevelledoilcontrolring内上坡口internalbeveltop内下坡口internalbevelbottom边缘坡口油环bevelled-egeoilcontrolring刮油环scrapperring钩形环napierring镀铬活塞环chromeplatedpistonring活塞衬环pistonrin

44、gexpander活塞环槽pistonringgroove活塞环区ringzone活塞环岸pistonringland活塞环内表面backofring曲柄连杆机构connectingrod中心曲柄连杆机构central-locatedconnectingrod偏心曲柄连杆机构offsetconnectingrod铰接曲柄边杆机构hingedconnectingrod连杆connectingrod连杆小头connectingrodsmallend连杆大头connnectingrodbigend连杆杆身connectingrodshank副连杆slaveconnectingrod叉形连杆fork-

45、and-bladeconnectingrod主连杆mainconnectingrod方形连杆boxedrod绞链式连杆hingedtypeconnectingrod活节式连杆articulatedconnectingrod连杆盖connectingrodcap连杆轴承connectingrodbearing曲轴crankshaft整体式曲轴one-piececrankshaft组合式曲轴assembledcrankshaft右侧曲轴right-handcrankshaft左侧曲轴left-handcrankshaft改变行程的曲轴strokedcrankshaft曲轴前端crankshaftf

46、rontend曲轴主轴颈crankshaftmainjournal轴颈重叠度shaftjournaloverlap圆角fillet主轴承mainbearing曲轴止推轴承crankshaftthrustbearing薄臂轴瓦thinwallbearingshell曲轴油道crankshaftoilpassage曲柄crank曲柄臂crankarm曲柄销crankpin轴套bush曲柄转角crankangle曲柄半径crankradius抛油圈oilslander角度轮degreewheel动平衡机dynamicbalancer平衡重balancerweight扭振减振器torshionalvibrationdamper扭振平衡器torsionbalancer谐振平衡器harmonicbalancer振动平衡器vibrationbalancer曲轴链轮crankshaftsprocket转子轴颈rotorjournal偏心轴eccentricshaft曲轴箱crankcase闭式曲轴箱通风装置closed-crankcaseventilatingsystem飞轮flywheel飞轮齿圈fl